Extreme Heat Exposure is Associated with Lower Learning, General Cognitive Ability, and Memory among US Children

Table 1. NIH Toolbox to measurecognitive function represents memory, learning, and general cognitive ability.

Memory

List Recall. Directly assesses memory, particularly episodic memory, by testing the ability to recall items from a list.
Card Sorting. While primarily assessing cognitive flexibility and executive function, it also involves working memory to keep track of sorting rules.

Learning

Pattern Recognition. Involves the ability to identify and learn patterns, which is a key component of learning and problem-solving.
Reading Ability. Involves learned skills related to language processing and comprehension, indicating prior learning rather than innate ability.

General Cognitive Ability (G)

Total Composite. Likely an overall measure of cognitive function, combining multiple subdomains.
Fluid Composite. Measures fluid intelligence (problem-solving and reasoning ability independent of acquired knowledge).
Crystallized Intelligence. Represents accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, heavily influenced by education and experience.
Picture Vocabulary. Taps into crystallized intelligence, as it reflects learned vocabulary and semantic knowledge.