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Impact of Welding Standards on Heat Affected Zone: A Critical Review of the Methods, Consumables, and Environmental Degradation on the Performance of API 5L X52 in Sour Service
Online Journal of Engineering Sciences
| Vol 5, Issue 1
Table 1. HAZ-Related Requirements in Major Welding Standards for Sour Service
| Parameter | API 1104 | ASME B31.8 | ASME Section IX | DNVGL-ST-F101 | NACE MR0175 |
| Max Hardness | Qualified by test | 22 HRC for sour service | Not specified | 22 HRC (248 HV) | 22 HRC absolute limit |
| Heat Input Limits | None specified | None specified | Must be qualified | Explicit limits by grade | None specified |
| PWHT Requirement | Case-by-case | Often required >19mm | Must be qualified | Mandatory above threshold | Recommended |
| Consumable Qualification | Standard low-H₂ | Special grades for sour service | Manufacturer cert | Stringent sour service qualification | Certified for sour service |
| HAZ Toughness Testing | Not required | Not typically required | Not required | Required for fracture arrest | Not specified |
| Microstructural Controls | None | None | None | No untempered martensite | Restricts hard phases |