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Impact of Welding Standards on Heat Affected Zone: A Critical Review of the Methods, Consumables, and Environmental Degradation on the Performance of API 5L X52 in Sour Service
Online Journal of Engineering Sciences
| Vol 5, Issue 1
Table 3. Welding Process Applications in Sour Service Pipeline Construction
| Process | Typical Heat Input (kJ/mm) | Common Applications | Sour Service Suitability |
| GMAW-P | 0.8-1.5 | Root passes, manual welding | Excellent with proper control |
| FCAW | 1.0-1.8 | Fill and cap passes | Good with low-H₂ consumables |
| SMAW | 0.9-1.7 | Maintenance, repair | Good with certified electrodes |
| SAW | 1.8-3.0 | Double jointing, fabrication | Limited due to high heat input |
| Laser-Hybrid | 0.5-1.2 | Automated girth welding | Emerging technology |