Enhancing System Resilience Through Decentralized Control Loops: Separating Bounded Fault Tolerance from Network-Level Resilience

Table 2. Distinguishing bounded fault tolerance from network-level resilience.

Dimension	Bounded fault tolerance	Network-level resilience
Disturbance scope	Isolated loop or node	Correlated, targeted, or cascading disturbance
Typical disturbance	Loop outage, actuator dropout	Communication loss, compromise, cascading failure
Structural condition	Gain condition, connectivity, local redundancy	2F+1 redundancy, delay margin, layered timing coherence
Verification evidence	Process model, gain matrix, graph connectivity	Adversarial model, redundancy count, timing analysis
Risk of conflation	Overstating resilience from topology alone	Missing stronger condition required by correlated disturbance