Textuality in Text: A Discourse Analysis of Nelson Mandela‘s I Am the First Accused

Universal Journal of Literature and Linguistics | Vol 4, Issue 1

Table 1. Summaries of the Cohesive Devices

Summary of Personal/ Demonstrative References
*Referencing Summary*
Personal Reference	Line Reference	Referenced Item
I (hold	1-2	The speaker (via exophoric reference)
him	8-10	The white man
they	11	The white man
Them/their	10-12	Africans
they	10-12	Africans
Their/they	10-13	Africans
their	13	White people
Their/them	10-14	African
I	17	The speaker (via exophoric)
his	18-19	African male
They/them	22-23	Children
They/them	32-33	Africans
they	34-36	Africans
We/our	37-38	Political rights
it	42 (cataphoric)	Africans
it	43-44	Political division
It/their	45-46	The ANC
My/i/Myself	46-49	The speaker(exophoric)
It/i	51-52	Live in harmony
*Demonstrative Reference*
Demonstrative reference	Line reference	Referenced item
The (country	1-3 (exopheric)	South Africa
The (lack of human)	5 (cataphoric)	Africans
this	6-7	White supremacy
the	7-9	White supremacy
This	13-15	Support their families
The (most hated bits of ….)	16	Pass laws
There (is a single)	17-18	Africans
These (worse than)	19-20	African are thrown into jail
The	20-22	Breakdown of family life
The (school)	23-24	School
This (leads)	23-25	Have to work
The (township)	18-28	In south Africa
The (fact that the death)	30-31	Death sentence
The (festering sore)	25-31	A breakdown in morale
The (general population)	32-37	African want to be….
This (makes)	39-40	The majority of voters
This (fear)	40-41	Fear democracy
The (enfranchisement)	38-42	Equal political right
That (policy)	44-45	Fighting against racialism
This (then)	45-46	That policy
The (African people)	46-47	The ANC
Comparative reference
Comparative reference	Line reference	Referenced item
Most (hated)	16	Pass law
Worse than (this)	19-20	Africans are thrown into jail
Equal political rights	37-38	Black south Africans