Objective: The effects of muscle fatigue appear to elicit a transient means of postural instability; however, the recovery of postural stability after fatiguing exercise has not been extensively studied. This study aimed to determine the immediate effect of local vibration applied to fatigued plantar flexor muscles on postural stability in healthy young adults. Design: True Experimental (pre-test - post test design with a control group). Setting: A tertiary care centre. Participations: 42 healthy young adults. Intervention: Fatigue of plantar flexors muscles was induced by repeated dynamic contractions performed to maximum exhaustion. Experimental group (n= 21) received local vibration to fatigued muscles with a handheld vibrator whereas the control group (n = 21) received no intervention (rest). Postural stability was assessed using one leg stance test (OLST) under three different conditions viz. pre-fatigue, post-fatigue and post rest/vibration. Results: Comparative analysis of postural stability within the group was done pre-fatigue, post-fatigue and post rest/vibration condition using Kruskal-Wallis test. A significant decrease from pre-fatigue to post-fatigue condition (p-value < 0.001); and a significant increase from post-fatigue to post rest/vibration condition (p-value < 0.001) was observed in OLST in both - control group and experimental group. However, further comparison of OLST between the groups (using unpaired t test) showed a significant difference in post-fatigue condition versus post rest/vibration condition in favour of the experimental group. Conclusion: Plantar flexors fatigue significantly affects one leg stance time in healthy young adults. Results of this study show that there is an immediate effect of vibration to fatigued muscles on recovery of postural stability in healthy young adults. Recovery of postural stability achieved quickly with such a simple tool may help increase the degree of participation in sports and other similar activities which can cause muscles to fatigue. However, more studies are required to determine this effect using other clinical measures.

The processes of technical and technological development are unequivocally linked to increasing energy consumption, with a significant portion of energy being produced from fossil fuels worldwide. The reserves of natural energy sources such as petroleum, gas, coal, and turf are finite. The transition to renewable energy sources has been ongoing for a long time, but share in global energy consumption remains lower than desired. The main limitations include limited availability, inability to operate continuously throughout the year, high costs, and a lack of materials and devices capable of withstanding high temperatures and pressures. The goal of our research is to create a device that generates electricity using a new type of renewable energy source based on the thermal expansion and contraction of materials. This paper presents the construction, details, and working principles of the new device. The primary focus is on utilizing materials and components that are readily available. The proposed method has own advantages, addresses some of the aforementioned limitations, and can be particularly beneficial for providing electrical energy in remote areas. Calculations indicate that the device built using this new method will be competitive with appliances that utilize other renewable energy sources in terms of features and efficiency.

Marcus Gunn syndrome or unilateral trigemino-oculomotor syncinesis is a very rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterised by a combination of congenital ptosis and mandibulopalpebral syncinesis during certain mandibular movements. We report a series of two cases of children with Marcus Gunn syndrome. Case 1: A 5-year-old boy with no previous pathological findings presented with unilateral ptosis of the left upper eyelid at the age of 4 months. His visual acuity was 10/10 in right eye on the right and 5/10 in left eye. Second case: a 7-year-old girl, brought in by her parents for a ptosis of the left eye noted at birth. This is a 7-year-old girl brought in by her parents for ptosis of the left eye, diagnosed at birth. She had no particular pathological antecedents. Her visual acuity was 10/10 in right occlusion and 3/10 in left occlusion. Both children had undergone sectioning of the superior levator muscle with frontal suspension using prolene sutures, with good progression, followed by total optical correction and treatment of the amblyopia.