Background: Traditional foods, once carriers of cultural identity and heritage, are being quietly replaced as globalization and modern ideals redefine the choices of younger generations. This ethnographic study investigated the cultural meaning and symbolism of Tuei, an indigenous maize-based beverage, among the Fante people in the Central Region of Ghana. The study aimed to document how Tuei is rooted in Fante social and ceremonial life, exploring its role as a symbol of identity, continuity, and tradition. Methods: A qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews were done with 7 participants involving one cultural expert, three elders, and three local producers. Results: The findings revealed that Tuei has a significant role in rites of passage such as marriages, funerals, and naming ceremonies, where it functions as a marker of status and social cohesion. It was daily used as a gesture of hospitality and symbol of community unity. Additionally, the study found that the nutritional benefits of Tuei was rich in essential nutrients from maize, which contribute to energy provision and digestion. Some participants also reported its traditional use in promoting digestive health and general well-being. Again, Tuei was influenced by modernization which has reduced its consumption among younger generations and elite groups. Conclusions: The study concluded with recommendations to strengthen these preservation efforts through educational initiatives, the integration of Tuei into cultural festivals, and ongoing community engagement to ensure the continuity of this cultural practice.

Pharmaceutical supply chains are critical to ensuring the availability of safe and effective medications, yet they face numerous challenges that can jeopardize public health. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the key issues impacting pharmaceutical supply chains, including regulatory compliance, demand forecasting, supply chain visibility, quality assurance, and geopolitical risks. Regulatory compliance remains a significant concern due to the stringent guidelines imposed by authorities such as the FDA and EMA, which can lead to increased operational costs and time delays. Additionally, traditional demand forecasting methods often fail to accurately predict fluctuations in drug demand, resulting in stockouts or excess inventory. Limited supply chain visibility further complicates these challenges, hindering timely decision-making and operational efficiency. Quality assurance is paramount, as maintaining the integrity of pharmaceutical products throughout the supply chain is crucial to preventing costly recalls and ensuring patient safety. Moreover, the globalization of supply chains introduces vulnerabilities to geopolitical risks, trade disputes, and natural disasters. In response to these issues, this article outlines strategic recommendations for optimizing pharmaceutical supply chains. These include leveraging advanced analytics and IoT technologies to enhance demand forecasting and visibility, strengthening compliance through automated systems and training, fostering collaboration among stakeholders, implementing robust risk management frameworks, and investing in quality management systems. By adopting these strategies, pharmaceutical companies can enhance the efficiency and resilience of their supply chains, ultimately ensuring the continuous availability of essential medications for patients worldwide. This analysis serves as a critical resource for industry professionals seeking to navigate the complexities of pharmaceutical supply chains in an increasingly dynamic global environment.

Background: Over the past decade, there has been a rapid advancement in technology and virtual reality applications, leading to the emergence of the metaverse - a virtual universe where users interact with each other and their surroundings through immersive experiences. In the nursing profession, the metaverse presents unique opportunities to enhance patient care, education, and collaboration. Aim: To analyze and identify the attributes of metaverse in nursing, exploring its dimensions, benefits, challenges, and implications. By examining relevant literature, this study will contribute to a better understanding of the metaverse in nursing. Method/Design: Concept analysis by Walker and Avant (2019). Results: Metaverse in nursing involves three defining attributes: use of advanced technologies, better access to education and healthcare, and collaboration and community building. Antecedents of metaverse in nursing require technological advancements, increased digital literacy, demand for innovative education, globalization of healthcare education Conclusion: Metaverse in Nursing suggests that it is a promising technology that has the potential to enhance nursing practice and improve patient outcomes, but further research is needed to fully explore the impact of its integration.

The debate on culture clash necessitates a theoretical framework, and three perspectives that merit attention are homogenization, polarization, and hybridization theories. These intersecting paths lead to the hypothesis that all civilizations could assimilate into the Western model as it is currently conceived. Culture clash is approached from multiple angles due to the widely held belief that rejecting culturally novel concepts is unethical. However, imposing new rules and customs will inevitably encounter innate resistance, as evidenced by numerous examples. The exchange of behavioral models does exist, with one of globalization's main tenets being the universality of values – including the uprooting of what we refer to as primitive manners. Nevertheless, anthropology and cultural research have witnessed intergenerational and long-term survival of elements that contemporary civilization believed it had overcome or at least suppressed deep within the subconscious mind. This article will offer an essayistic approach to certain forms of culture clash.