Filter options

Publication Date
From
to
Subjects
Journals
Article Types
Countries / Territories
Open Access March 30, 2023

Pulsatile Blood Flow Simulation for Subject-Specific Geometry of a Human Aortic Arch

Abstract Pulsatile blood flow in a subject-specific human aortic arch and its major branches is studied computationally for a peak Reynolds number of 1553 and a Womersley number of 22.74. The aortic geometry is constructed from the CT-scan images of a subject. The aorta has out-of-plane curvature and significant area variation along the flow direction. A physiologically representative pulsatile velocity [...] Read more.
Pulsatile blood flow in a subject-specific human aortic arch and its major branches is studied computationally for a peak Reynolds number of 1553 and a Womersley number of 22.74. The aortic geometry is constructed from the CT-scan images of a subject. The aorta has out-of-plane curvature and significant area variation along the flow direction. A physiologically representative pulsatile velocity waveform is applied as boundary condition at the inlet of the aorta. The primary velocity profiles are skewed towards the inner wall of the ascending aorta during the entire cardiac cycle. In the decelerating phase, reverse flow is noted along the inner wall and the magnitude of maximum velocity is about 50 % of the peak flow condition. Flow separation is observed in the inner wall of the ascending aorta during the decelerating and reverse flow phases of the cardiac cycle. In the accelerating phase, however, flow separation does not occur. The major observation of the present work is the existence of complex and asymmetrical vortical flow structures which are not observed either in simple curved pipes or in idealized aortic arch computational studies. The relative strength of the secondary flow with respect to the primary flow is quantified by means of Relative Secondary Kinetic Energy whose highest value is evaluated to be 1.202 occurring near the entrance of the right carotid artery during the maximum reverse flow condition. High values of wall shear stress is observed at distal of the left and right subclavian arteries, the bifurcation of brachiocephalic artery between right subclavian artery and right carotid artery, and proximal inner wall of descending aorta during the cardiac cycle. The wall shear stress at the bifurcations of the branches are low and oscillatory and generally correlates with the preferential sites for atherosclerosis. The flow structures on the aorta wall are explicitly highlighted by the limiting streamlines. The application of limiting streamlines to clearly elucidate the complex on-wall flow structures is one of the key contributions of the present study. During the decelerating and reverse flow phases several critical points are observed on the aortic wall. These complex flow structures vanish during the accelerating phase. The observations made in the present study will be helpful in creating accurate and clinically useful computational models.
Figures
Figure 7 (b)
Figure 7 (c)
Figure 7 (d)
Figure 8 (b)
Figure 8 (c)
Figure 8 (d)
Figure 9 (b)
Figure 9 (c)
Figure 9 (d)
Figure 11 (b)
Figure 11 (c)
Figure 11 (d)
PreviousNext
PDF Html Xml
Article
Open Access November 20, 2025

The Renaissance Man of Kyekyeku: In Celebration of Opanyin David Kwadwo Boadu's Life of Multiplicity and Benevolence

Abstract In contemporary society, a marked decline in humanity's intrinsic values has become a point of lamentation for many observers. This is particularly evident when one considers the recognition often bestowed upon individuals of dubious character, while those who embody exemplary virtues are frequently overlooked or forgotten. In this context, this paper seeks to pay rightful tribute to David Kwadwo [...] Read more.
In contemporary society, a marked decline in humanity's intrinsic values has become a point of lamentation for many observers. This is particularly evident when one considers the recognition often bestowed upon individuals of dubious character, while those who embody exemplary virtues are frequently overlooked or forgotten. In this context, this paper seeks to pay rightful tribute to David Kwadwo Boadu—the Renaissance Man of Kyekyeku—a figure whose remarkable life reflects a profound dedication to multiplicity and benevolence. This study delves deeply into his multifaceted contributions spanning various domains, including his roles as a husband, father, farmer, herbalist, midwife, hunter, catechist, musician, builder, arbitrator, counsellor, and cacao merchant. Each of these roles highlights essential themes of generosity and diversity, serving to illustrate how such attributes shape both an individual's identity and their contributions to the broader society. Utilising qualitative approach that involved interviews and employing the Streamwrite methodology—an innovative art-based approach designed to engage with the complexities of human experiences—this study underscores the critical importance of recognising individuals who exemplify these virtues as key to restoring the eroding humaneness in our communities.
Figures
PreviousNext
Article
Open Access April 10, 2025

Advancements in Pharmaceutical IT: Transforming the Industry with ERP Systems

Abstract The pharmaceutical industry is undergoing a profound transformation driven by advancements in Information Technology (IT), with Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems playing a pivotal role in reshaping operations. These systems offer integrated solutions that streamline key business processes, such as production, inventory management, supply chain optimization, regulatory compliance, and data [...] Read more.
The pharmaceutical industry is undergoing a profound transformation driven by advancements in Information Technology (IT), with Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems playing a pivotal role in reshaping operations. These systems offer integrated solutions that streamline key business processes, such as production, inventory management, supply chain optimization, regulatory compliance, and data integration, contributing significantly to operational efficiency and organizational agility. This paper explores the evolution and impact of ERP systems within the pharmaceutical sector, highlighting their contributions to overcoming the industry’s inherent challenges, including complex regulatory requirements, the need for accurate and real-time data, and the demand for supply chain resilience. The integration of cloud-based ERP solutions, the incorporation of emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and the Internet of Things (IoT), and enhanced data analytics capabilities have revolutionized pharmaceutical IT. These advancements not only reduce operational costs, improve forecasting accuracy, and enhance collaboration but also ensure compliance with stringent global regulations, such as Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and FDA guidelines. Moreover, ERP systems have been instrumental in managing the pharmaceutical supply chain, ensuring product traceability, and improving inventory control and order fulfillment processes. This manuscript examines how ERP systems enable pharmaceutical companies to maintain high standards of product quality, improve decision-making, and ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs through robust tracking and auditing mechanisms. A case study of a pharmaceutical company that implemented an ERP system demonstrates the tangible benefits, including increased operational efficiency, improved compliance rates, and enhanced customer satisfaction. However, despite the clear advantages, challenges such as customization complexities, data integration issues, and resistance to change remain. As the pharmaceutical industry continues to evolve, ERP systems will remain a cornerstone of digital transformation, facilitating smarter decision-making, better resource management, and enhanced collaboration across global operations. This paper also identifies future trends, including the potential of AI and blockchain technologies in further strengthening ERP systems and transforming the pharmaceutical landscape.
Review Article
Open Access January 24, 2025

Pallidum Functional Hypoconnectivity and Inhibitory Control as Partial Mediators of Environmental Influences on Tobacco and Marijuana Initiation

Abstract Background: Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been linked to higher rates of tobacco and marijuana use initiation; however, the contributions of environmental and neurocognitive factors remain underexplored. This study investigates a potential pathway connecting low SES, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure, brain functional connectivity, and inhibitory control to increased [...] Read more.
Background: Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been linked to higher rates of tobacco and marijuana use initiation; however, the contributions of environmental and neurocognitive factors remain underexplored. This study investigates a potential pathway connecting low SES, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure, brain functional connectivity, and inhibitory control to increased tobacco and marijuana use initiation among adolescents. Objectives: To examine the mediating roles of PM2.5 exposure, resting-state functional connectivity between the right pallidum and the ventral attention network (P-VAN rsFC), and inhibitory control in the relationship between low SES and tobacco and marijuana use initiation. Methods: Data were drawn from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study to assess associations between baseline SES, baseline PM2.5 exposure (based on zip code), baseline P-VAN rsFC, baseline inhibitory control, and subsequent tobacco and marijuana use initiation. Mediation models were used to determine whether PM2.5 exposure and changes in P-VAN rsFC act as pathways linking low SES to diminished inhibitory control and subsequent substance use initiation. Results: Low SES was associated with higher PM2.5 exposure, which, in turn, was linked to alterations in P-VAN rsFC. These alterations were correlated with lower inhibitory control, which significantly predicted tobacco and marijuana use initiation over time. Inhibitory control partially mediated the relationship between low SES and substance use initiation, indicating a complex pathway influenced by environmental and neurocognitive factors. Conclusions: This study identifies a potential mechanism linking low SES to tobacco and marijuana use initiation through environmental and neurobiological pathways. Understanding how PM2.5 exposure and neurofunctional connectivity impact inhibitory control can provide valuable insights for developing targeted interventions to reduce substance use among adolescents in low SES environments.
Figures
PreviousNext
Article

Query parameters

Keyword:  Contributions

View options

Citations of

Views of

Downloads of