In today’s world of a globalized economy and ubiquitous digital transactions, businesses are hungry for ways to increase transaction efficiency and security. In the real economy, solutions that scale to fit transaction volume or velocity are equally valuable. This is true for clearing and settlement and for the day-to-day needs of buyers and sellers alike. Clever observers of both cash and digital transactions can spot cases where technology that supports transaction security or safety can strengthen consumer-borrower ties, mitigate default risks, and reduce recidivism. In general, a cloud solution for payment processing and merchant services solves two major barriers to optimum business technology: lack of scalability and lack of security [1]. The extension of current practice has its advantages, but new solutions unlock significant opportunities for both consumers and financial institutions [2]. The focus of this work is on the provisioning of cloud-based payment processing and merchant services to financial institutions and established global organizations, although the options available with these services mean they are potentially applicable to a wide range of group entities, including non-trading organizations, pension administrators, and group treasurers. With the increased attention to cybersecurity, a mass of data is available to assist the IT departments of the major payment processors, merchants, and acquirers to get cybersecurity on the radar of C-level executives [3]. The case is put forward for the increased targeting of and reporting to the Board’s Audit, Risk, and Liability Committees of publicly held payment processors and merchants to reduce fraud losses and mitigate the reputation and class action lawsuit risk due to data breaches. The progress of technology in the payment sector requires all stakeholders to have a collective approach in order to mitigate fraud and cybersecurity-related risks in new products and services to enhance consumer confidence and the proportion of retail cashless transactions [4].

A hydrographic survey vessel shows three -dimensional movements (Roll, Pitch and Heave) misalignment with respect to the vessel reference unit (VRU) due to environmental effects, such as wind, current, other vessel wakes, etc. These motions if ignored, cause errors in measured depth and in the positioning of the sounding. Hence the need of a motion sensor and gyroscope. However, the alignment of the multi-beam sonar head to the motion sensor and gyro (Octant) is critical to the accuracy of the determined depths. It is not possible to install the sonar head in perfect alignment with the motion sensor and gyroscope to the accuracy required. The synchronization of the GPS time with the Motion sensor and gyro, the latency of the position, as reported by the GPS as well as the velocity of sound in water are important parameters to account for the misalignment of the motion senor and the multi beam sonar head; this is called the Patch Test. In view of this, a patch test was done to ascertain the mounting angles of EMB 2058 Multi-beam sonar with Octan V installed onboard a survey vessel (Bitam). The result of the Patch test gives a row, pitch and heading value of -1.242˚, -4.92˚, and -0.48˚respectively. The speed of sound in water as measured ranges from; 1531.47m/s to 1531.60m/s within a minimum cast depth of 0.49m and maximum cast depth of 16.00m. The statistical analysis gives and average error of 2.642cm/m2 which was within acceptable standard as define by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO).

Paper is widely used in packaging applications and is biodegradable and therefore perfectly safe as green packaging wrap for the environment. The hydrophilic nature of cellulose fibrils limits the water vapour and oxygen barrier properties of paper. To mitigate these limitations, paper is often associated with other materials, such as plastics, wax and aluminum, for achieving their good barrier properties. However, these materials suffer from serious environmental issues, as difficult and inefficient to recycle. Recently, cellulose nanofibre (CNF) based materials has been considered as an alternative to produce eco-friendly barrier materials. Existing techniques to prepare cellulose nanofibre films/sheets/composites/ laminates on the paper substrates are commercially not feasible and expensive. Therefore, other cost effective and readily implementable methodologies are required to achieve cellulose nanofibre barrier layers. In the present report, a novel approach is developed using spray coating technique to produce CNF materials with excellent barrier properties. Among many coating techniques, the spray coating has many advantages such as the production of even coating surface on the base sheet and contactless coating with the substrate. A laboratory scale spray coating of cellulose nanofibre suspension on a paper substrate was developed. When the cellulose nanofibre suspension concentration was varied from 0.5 to 1.5 wt. %, coat weight is increased from 2.9±0.7 to 29.3±6.9 g/m². As a result, the air permeability of composite was decreased 0.78±0.17 to <0.0030 µm/Pa.s. Scanning electron microscopy studies of spray coated CNF laminates on the paper confirms that the surface pores in the paper substrates are filled with sprayed cellulose nanofibre and forms a continuous film on the surface of the substrate. These are the probable reasons for the reduction of air permeability of composites. A rapid preparation technique to prepare free standing cellulose nanofibre films/sheets was also developed using a bench scale spray coating system. Cellulose nanofibre suspension with concentration ranging from 1 to 2 wt% was sprayed onto a stainless steel plate, which is moving on a conveyor at a velocity of 0.32 cm/sec and then air dried. The basis weight of produced cellulose nanofibre films is varied from 52.8±7.4 to 193.1±3.4 g/m². Processing time taken to prepare films was approximately 1.0 min, which is much less than processing times reported in the previous literature. Thus, the significant reduction in preparation time for producing the cellulose nanofibre sheet recommends that this spray coating technique can be utilized for the development of a scalable process for the fabrication of various cellulose based nanocomposite. Therefore, the laboratory scale spray coating confirms that the spraying could provide a platform for development of films/sheets/nanocomposite and also a CNF barrier layer on the base sheet. The future work is the development of a continuous spray coating of cellulose nanofibre on the base sheet and evaluation of mechanical and barrier properties spray coated barrier layers on the base sheet.