Background: Diabetes is a chronic global health issue that requires effective management to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Nursing education plays a critical role in empowering diabetic patients with self-management skills. Aim This systematic review evaluates the impact of diabetes-focused nursing education on patient outcomes and quality of life. Methods: This study uses PRISMA guidelines and a systematic approach to identify and evaluate relevant literature. Results and Discussion: Among the 14 studies reviewed, eight emphasized self-management education, while four incorporated multidisciplinary approaches. Findings consistently demonstrated that structured nursing education programs significantly improved self-management behaviors, glycemic control, and patient knowledge. For instance, nurse-led self-management programs resulted in substantial enhancements in self-care skills and diabetes-related knowledge. Moreover, interventions that combined health education with psychological support were particularly effective, leading to better blood glucose control and increased adherence to treatment. Studies that examined quality of life reported reductions in anxiety, improved lifestyle habits, and better overall self-management. These findings highlight the multifaceted benefits of nursing education, suggesting that structured, supportive programs positively impact both clinical and psychological aspects of diabetes care. Conclusion: The review emphasizes the value of comprehensive nursing education that integrates both clinical guidance and psychological support for holistic diabetes management. Implications: Ongoing professional development and culturally sensitive education programs are recommended to address the diverse needs of diabetic patients. Future research should investigate the long-term effects of nursing education and explore innovative strategies to enhance diabetes management outcomes.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) faces significant challenges in early diagnosis and prognostic assessment, necessitating novel molecular biomarkers. The role of GCN1 in tumorigenesis remains unclear, warranting systematic investigation of its clinical value. Methods: Utilizing multi-omics data from 164 HCC patients in the TCGA database, we comprehensively evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic value of GCN1 through differential expression analysis, Cox proportional hazards regression, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results: GCN1 expression was significantly upregulated in tumor tissues (P<0.001), with ROC analysis demonstrating an AUC of 0.921 (95% CI: 0.893-0.950) for discriminating tumor from normal tissue. Clinical correlation analysis revealed that high GCN1 expression significantly associated with advanced T stage (OR=1.941, P=0.002) and AFP levels >400 ng/ml (OR=3.697, P<0.001). Multivariate survival analysis confirmed its independent prognostic value (HR=1.454, P=0.038). Functional analysis indicated GCN1 promotes tumor progression by regulating cell cycle (NES=2.385) and axon guidance (NES=2.307) pathways. Conclusion: This study first elucidates the dual clinical value of GCN1 in HCC, providing a theoretical foundation for developing novel diagnostic biomarkers and prognostic evaluation systems. Future research should validate its molecular mechanisms and explore potential targeted therapies.

Digital therapeutics (DTx) play a transformative role in diabetes management by leveraging technology to provide personalized, data-driven medical interventions. These tools enhance self-management by offering continuous monitoring and real-time feedback on glucose levels, diet, and physical activity. This personalized approach helps patients adhere to treatment plans and make informed lifestyle changes, leading to improved clinical outcomes such as reduced HbA1c levels and better overall diabetes control. The importance of DTx lies in their ability to make diabetes care more accessible and convenient. Mobile apps and telemedicine platforms enable patients to receive support and guidance from anywhere, reducing the need for frequent in-person visits. Additionally, DTx often include behavioral support features like reminders, educational content, and motivational tools, which are crucial for maintaining healthy habits and managing stress. Currently, the dynamics of DTx in diabetes are rapidly evolving, with increasing integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning to further personalize and optimize care. As the adoption of these technologies grows, they hold the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes and revolutionize diabetes management on a global scale. This article will focus on the benefits of novel digital therapeutics for prevention and management of type II diabetes that are currently available in the market.

This study aimed to examine students' perceptions of the usefulness of formative feedback in mathematics lessons at Sagnerigu Municipality in the Northern Region of Ghana. Quantitatively, this study employed a descriptive non-experimental survey design. The population comprises all pupils of public Junior High Schools in the Sagnerigu Municipality. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the Junior High School students for the study. The criterion purposive sampling technique was used to select 518 final-year students for the 2022 Basic education certificate examination from 14 schools in Sagnerigu Municipality. The chosen schools comprised 291 students from high-performing schools and 227 students from low-performing schools. The primary tool for the study was the Student Feedback Perception Questionnaire (SFPQ), administered to the student participants. The Descriptive statistical tool was used to analyse the mean and standard deviation of the data. The study's examination of students' perceptions of feedback revealed a moderate level of perceived usefulness. This emphasises the importance of feedback as a tool for student growth and development. However, the findings also suggest the need for further support and guidance to optimise the impact of feedback on student learning outcomes. The findings also suggest that students value feedback that helps them improve their skills and strategies in Mathematics and keeps them on track to succeed. It also highlights the importance of providing different types of feedback to cater to the diverse learning needs of students. Educators can create a conducive environment that promotes student engagement and achievement by equipping teachers with effective feedback techniques, emphasising constructive comments and avoiding grades.

This study is aimed at examining the prevalence of premarital sex among adolescents between 13-19 years within Chorkor, Korle Gonno and Mamprobi communities in the Accra Metropolis. The study with a sample size of 268 used a descriptive approach and a combination of convenient and quota sampling methods. The study recommends the establishment of a school guidance and counselling unit to sensitize and advise students and parental monitoring of adolescent lives and the use of social media on mobile devices.

Assessment is a vital aspect of curriculum practice. The study adopted explanatory mixed-method approach and sequential research design. The population for the study comprised all Social Studies teachers in Junior High Schools in the Ayensuano District. Convenient sampling techniques and census method were used to select the district, and all the one hundred and twenty-seven (127) teachers who teach Social Studies in the junior high schools in the district. The main instruments used for data collection and analysis were questionnaire and interview guide. The quantitative data was analysed both descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The qualitative data was transliterated and coded based on themes. Pre-set themes were used to generate the transcript (text) data based upon the research questions and discussed. The study concluded that authentic assessment practices by Social Studies teachers included the occasional guidance they give to their students about how to interpret topics and situations into relevant tasks with a clearly defined goal, and how to relate their knowledge in practical challenges. The study also revealed that refined essays, oral presentations, interviews, case study discussions, and live performances as authentic assessment strategies or tools Social Studies teachers used in assessing their students' learning outcomes in lessons. The study indicated that large class size, traditional assessment (examination) system, insufficient logistics and infrastructure, a paucity of funds to begin various activities and programs, a lack of motivation from school administrators, time constraints and difficulty in developing some authentic assessment tasks coupled with assessing some lessons using authentic assessment method are some of the criteria that influence the effectiveness of authentic assessment execution in teaching Social Studies courses. It is recommended that educational leaders should provide the resources to motivate Social Studies teachers to use authentic assessments for students’ learning in the classroom situation. It is also recommended that, Colleges of Education, Universities and National Teaching Council should organise professional development workshops and seminars to build the capacity of trained Social Studies teachers on the effective uses of authentic assessment practices.

Qualitatively the study adopted a case study research design to examine the parental factors that motivate female students to complete formal education in Tolon District. The population for this study comprised of all females in the Tolon District who have successfully completed formal education. A purposive sampling technique was used to select ten (10) females who have successfully completed formal education and are now working in the Tolon District. The main instrument used for data collection was interview. Data were analysed by the use of the Interpretive Method based on the themes arrived at during the data collection. The themes were related to the research question and interpreted on the number of issues raised by respondents. The study revealed that, financial support of parents was vital to enrolment, sustenance and ultimate completion of the education of females. The study also indicated that parents give support in the form of guidance and counseling as well as moral support through encouragement of the Girl-Child played a key role to their successful education. It is recommended that, parents still need more advocacies on the importance of educating the girl child in order to enhance their interest in sending or motivating the girl child in school. It is also recommended that parents should discouraged early marriages to help girls to fully complete their formal education.

The purpose of the study was to examine Carl Rogers' humanistic approach to supporting women in leadership positions to make a formed decision on how to manage the challenges they face. A qualitative approach was adopted for the study. The population of the study included fifteen (15) headmistresses and housemistresses in the Senior High Schools in the New Juaben Municipality in the Eastern Region. The purposive sampling technique was used to select schools, headmistresses and housemistresses in the schools. The schools selected were Oyoko Methodist Senior High School (OMESS), SDA Senior High School (SEDASS), Ghana Senior High School (GHANASS), Koforidua Technical Institute (KOTECH), Nana Kwaku Boateng Senior High School (OBOSS) and New Juaben Senior High School (NJUASCO). The main instruments used for data collection were a semi-structured interview guide and Reflective dialogue. Data was analysed through the use of the thematic approach. Within-case and across-case analytical technique was used to analyse the qualitative data. This was done through the identification of themes, categories and sub-categories the analytical tool for the qualitative data through interviews and reflective dialogue (RD). Themes that were extracted from the interview corresponding to Carl Rogers' humanistic person-centred) the approach were; inherent potentialities, support, motivation, power relation, INSET, cultural dimension, and guidance and counselling. The study revealed that women face challenges using inadequate school facilities they do their best possible to manage their challenges with the few facilities available, the introduction of Carl Rogers' intervention, and women became more aware of their potential in managing the challenges they face at work in their leadership positions. It is recommended that guidance programmes should be conducted often to inform both teachers and students about the potential of women. It has also emerged that women leaders do not know who they are and therefore they should undergo counselling in order to be self-actualised.

Ill-discipline has become a canker that threatens the moral fibre of institutions. This study aimed to explore the comprehensive counselling approaches that could be used to manage ill-discipline acts in Colleges of Education in Ghana. A qualitative discourse analysis study design was employed in the study. In all, 25 respondents were purposively selected from five colleges of education for the study using a semi-structured interview guide. Data collected were transcribed, coded, categorised and qualitatively analysed under themes that emerged from the analysis using the thematic approach. The study revealed that several ill-discipline acts exist in colleges of education, with perversion being the most prevailing ill-discipline act. The study recommended that the college council and management should put adequate measures in place to strengthen Guidance and Counselling units in the colleges of education. The study also recommended that college counsellors should be equipped to use appropriate counselling approaches and techniques to counsel students to desist from indulging in ill-discipline acts.

The purpose of the study was to assess Academic achievement of Low- Social-Economic-Status (SES) of Junior High School Students in Ghana. The study employed a descriptive, cross-sectional survey design. The population for the study comprised all JHS students and teachers in the Aboom Circuit of the Cape Coast Metropolis. Krejcie and Morgan (1970) sampling table, Purposive and randomly sampling techniques were used to select schools, teachers and students for the study. The sample frame for the study was all students and teachers in the five selected JHS of the Aboom Circuit of the Cape Coast Metropolis. The sample size for the study was 350 for students and 30 for teachers. The main instrument for data collection for the study as questionnaire. Research question was analysed using mean and standard deviation; hypothesis was analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The study revealed that continued, consistent and persistent presence of these student-related factors such as hunger, lack of self-motivation, poor study habit, watching TV, laziness, and students’ truancy or absenteeism negatively affect students’ academic achievement. The results of the study also indicated that there was a moderate, negative correlation between student-related factors and students’ academic achievement with high levels of perceived student-related factors with low levels of students’ academic achievement. It is recommended that, the role of guidance and counseling session in schools is to assists students to be focused on their studies. Therefore, guidance and counseling sessions in various schools should be effectively organised to prevent students’ truancy. It is also recommended that School administrators in partnership with PTA leadership and NGOs should educate students on the relevance of education and give social support to students from low socio-economic backgrounds and motivate them in their studies.

The objective of the study was to examine the school-related factors that contribute to the academic achievements of low- social economic – status of students in the Aboom Circuit of the Cape Coast Metropolis during 2015-2016 academic years. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. Purposive and random sampling techniques were used to select teachers, schools and students. The five junior high schools (St Nicholas, St. Monica, Aboom Methodist B, Aboom Zion A and Aboom Zion C) were randomly selected from the ten schools in the circuit. A proportional allocation was used to determine and allocate the total number of students from the population to each school. The main instrument for data collection was questionnaire. The data were entered in a pre-designed template in the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software, version 21. The data were analysed using descriptive (frequency and percentages, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (correlation). The research hypothesis was also analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study indicated that school-related factors such as school time schedule, resources, school climate, guidance and counselling, school-parents’ relationship may significantly contribute to students’ academic achievement. It is also concluded that when the right atmosphere or conditions are created, students can perform well irrespective of their socio-economic statuses or backgrounds. It is recommended that the Ministry of Education (MOE)/Ghana Education Service (GES) in partnership with school administrators should provide adequate teaching and learning resources and facilities for effective teaching and learning at the school. It is also recommended that in other to ensure effective teaching and learning, the Ministry of Education (MOE) and the Ghana Education Service (GES) should collaborate to implement a class size reduction policy effectively as expected. This means that the student-to-teacher ratio should strictly be adhered to.

There is a growing body of evidence that the number of individuals suffering from chronic and acute pain is under-reported and the burden of the veteran, aging, athletic, and working populations is rising. Current pain management is limited by our capacity to collaborate with individuals continuing normal daily functions and self-administration of pain treatments outside of traditional healthcare appointments and hospital settings. In this review, the current gap in clinical care for real-time feedback and guidance with pain management decision-making for chronic and post-operative pain treatment is defined. We examine the recent and future applications for predictive analytics of opioid use after surgery and implementing real-time neural networks for personalized pain management goal setting for particular individuals on the path to discharge to normal function. Integration of personalized neural networks with longitudinal data may enable the development of future treatment personalizations paired with electrical simulations.

Green cloud computing is part of endeavors to develop sustainable data center ecosystems and, more importantly, nurtures a mindful alignment between environmental considerations and our cloud computing practices. This view is reinforced with the requirements of resource and energy minimization, as well as clean computing. This paper surveys the current practices, strategies, and significant aspects involved in moving towards green cloud computing, providing energy-efficient data centers. The energy efficiency criteria call for unified strategies in power-proportional components, big data storage, server systems, and power supply units to save holistic energy. In addition, there are significant challenges in moving towards green cloud computing for service providers and data center operators. We address various energy-conscious resource management technologies and discuss the importance of developing innovative, effective green management solutions. Data centers are ubiquitous but inherently more conspicuous to begin to see the urgency of making them sustainable in our ecological environment. With this in mind, this paper encapsulates the multidimensional issues and increased complexities of bringing up green solutions in cloud computing practices and provides guidance and potential strategies. We outline, realign, and insist on adopting strategies in practice not only from the technical aspect but also in strengthening partnerships and investigating strategies to further dissect challenges, converge solutions, and consider our impact in even more areas of study.

The purpose of this study was to examine the categories of child labour children engage in and their influence on their academic work in the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis in the Western Region of Ghana. Purposive sampling was used to select 12 JHS teachers whilst the simple random technique was used in the selection of 120 pupils giving a sample size of 132. A questionnaire instrument was used to gather data from the respondents. Descriptive and influential statistics were used to analyse the data. Results indicate that two major categories of pupils; namely, direct offspring and house help offer services to different categories of people in the Sekondi Takoradi Metropolis to earn income. The pupils’ active involvement in child labour activities adversely affected their academic work in the school. Pupils lost interest in attending school and their grades were also poor. It is recommended that The Guidance and Counselling Unit of Ghana Education Service and the National Commission on Civic Education should educate parents on the negative impact of child labour on pupils’ academic work so that parents will not push their children into child labour. It is also recommended that the government, non-governmental organisations, religious organisations, district assemblies and individual philanthropists should support the victims of child labour to reduce the negative impact child labour has on the pupils’ academic work and their social life.

Automated testing and software quality assurance (SQA) practices are essential for ensuring the reliability, scalability, and maintainability of modern software systems. This paper presents a review of widely used automated testing frameworks, including Driven, Data-Driven, Behavior-Driven Development (BDD), and Record/Playback approaches, outlining their methodologies, benefits, and limitations in different development contexts. In parallel, it examines established SQA techniques such as Test-Driven Development, static analysis, and white-box testing, which provide systematic methods for defect detection and quality improvement. The study further examines the role of practical tools, such as Selenium, TestNG, and JUnit, in supporting test automation and validation activities. In addition to highlighting technical capabilities, the paper identifies common challenges faced in automation, including incomplete requirements, integration complexities, and maintaining evolving test suites. Recommended best practices are provided to address these issues, offering guidance for organizations seeking to strengthen their software testing processes through structured frameworks, adaptive techniques, and reliable automation tools.