1) Background: Culture shock is a common experience by internationally educated nurses (IENs) working in foreign countries, characterized by disorientation and discomfort due to distinct norms, values, and rituals. 2) Aim: this study explores culture shock in IENs and explores mitigation techniques to enhance understanding of challenges faced in foreign cultural contexts. 3) Method: Using Concept Analysis by Walker and Avant (2019). 4) Results: A total of 20 articles were reviewed. Four major attributes were identified: psychological and emotional impact, communication barriers, acculturation and quality of life, and organizational challenges. 5) Conclusion: This paper explores the challenges faced by nurses from foreign countries due to cultural adjustment and proposes solutions to minimize its effects. It is beneficial for nurses, healthcare organizations, and policymakers, aiming to improve patient care and health outcomes. 6) Implication for Practice: Addressing culture shock can promote a smooth transition, enhance nurses' experience, and improve their cultural competence. Providing tailored orientation and mentorship programs can help IENs feel supported and empowered, leading to increased job satisfaction, retention rates, and better patient outcomes.

The Internationalization of higher education has plummeted since the 2010 tightening of migration policies. This study aims to examine the retention and graduation rates of international students at Northern Arizona University (NAU). Using a quantitative analysis approach, the study utilized secondary data from the Center for International Admission and Recruitment Office at NAU to examine the university’s recruitment, graduation, and retention strategies. The aim was to evaluate the impact of internationalization strategies on application and enrolment numbers. The study sample consisted over 2000 international students from fourteen countries, including China, India, Vietnam, Kuwait, Nepal, Ghana, Nigeria, United Kingdom, Spain, Germany, Canada, Mexico, France, and Iran in four cultural groups (Asia, Europe, Africa, and North America). A random sampling technique was used to select these countries partly because of their highest applications, enrolment numbers, as well as their adoption of recruitment strategies like those used by higher education institutions in the United States. A descriptive graphic representation, focusing on full-time undergraduate students during fall semesters, specifically freshmen international students, is illustrated. To facilitate a cross-country comparison of international students, this study presents an analysis of retention and graduation data across different countries spanning the past five years, from 2016 to 2020.

Background: Coronavirus disease has caused global turmoil especially causing huge impact on human life all over the world. Current reports states more than 3 million people have lost life and more than 160 million people are known to be suspected with the SARS-CoV-2. Transmission and disease incidence rates are indicators to assess the seriousness of COVID-19 pandemic and studies to understand the factors that aid in this direction are very vital to curb the disease. Methods: The study intends to discover the relationship by performing statistical analysis using correlation and multiple linear regression analysis between the variable’s population density, temperature, relative humidity, and active time of virus and find out the parameters that predict the cases reported per million population in 83 countries. Results: Analysis indicates active time of virus in days is very positively associated with the COVID -19 cases in all the countries r = .604, p < .01. Active time of virus shows strong negative correlation with temperature r = -.930, p < .01 revealing that rise in temperature will reduce the virus activity in the population. Together, these variables will account for 36.2% variance in the cases per million population with no significant prediction estimated from any factor. Conclusion: The study outcomes clearly state that population density alone is insufficient to estimate the extent of influence on COVID -19 cases as the number of persons living per sq. km of land is a dynamic quantity tend to fluctuate over time and space due to migration of population. In conjunction to the previous studies reported on the environmental and climatic factors influencing the cases reported, population dynamics does not show much significance on the disease spread and incidence. Contribution: The rise in confirmed cases and the high incidence rate reported in countries can be attributed to the active time of virus life expectancy as there is a positive correlation observed between the COVID-19 cases reported and the virus active time in the examined countries. Also, environment and climatic factors play a role in modulating the infection and transmission rate with less significant influence of population density on the COVID-19.

Background: High educational attainment is a well-recognized protective factor against health problems such as diabetes. However, the theory of Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) suggests that this protective effect is weaker for ethnic minorities compared to non-Latino Whites. This diminished effect is thought to result from structural inequalities, such as lower-quality education and fewer occupational opportunities, faced by ethnic minorities. Objective: This study examined the protective effect of years of schooling—used as a proxy for educational attainment—on diabetes mellitus (DM), overall and by ethnicity. Based on the MDRs framework, we hypothesized that the protective effect of education would be weaker for Latino individuals compared to non-Latinos. Methods: Data were drawn from the 2012 wave of the Understanding America Study (UAS), a nationally representative, internet-based panel. The outcome of interest was self-reported doctor diagnosis of DM. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between educational attainment and DM, with an interaction term to explore differences between Latino and non-Latino individuals. Models were adjusted for age, sex, employment, immigration status, and marital status. Findings were presented as adjusted odds ratios (OR), p-values, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Higher educational attainment was associated with lower odds of DM in both Latino and non-Latino individuals (p < 0.001). An interaction between education and ethnicity (p < 0.05) indicated that the protective effect of education was weaker for Latino individuals compared to non-Latinos. Conclusion: The findings align with the MDRs framework, which suggests that the health benefits of education are not equally distributed across ethnic groups. For Latino individuals, structural barriers such as lower educational quality and labor market discrimination may limit the protective effect of education against DM. While education is a key determinant of health, its unequal returns contribute to ethnic health disparities. Policymakers must address structural inequalities in education and employment that disproportionately affect ethnic minorities. Tackling these disparities through multi-sector policy interventions will require bipartisan political support.

Background: Retirement is a universal life stage, marking the culmination of an individual's working years. However, many people face financial challenges during retirement due to insufficient financial planning. Retirement preparedness is essential for ensuring economic security and maintaining a high quality of life in later years. Education is often viewed as a key driver of retirement preparedness, as it is linked to higher earnings, better financial literacy, and improved decision-making. However, the Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) theory suggests that the economic, cognitive, and behavioral benefits of education are weaker for racial and ethnic minorities compared to non-Latino Whites. Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between educational attainment and retirement preparedness, focusing on whether this association differs among Black, Latino, and non-Latino White individuals, using data from the Understanding America Study (UAS). Methods: Data were drawn from the UAS, a nationally representative internet-based panel survey. The sample included participants from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between educational attainment, measured in years of schooling, and retirement preparedness. Interaction terms were included to test whether the association varied by race and ethnicity. Models were adjusted for potential confounders, including age, sex, marital status, employment status, and immigration. Results: In the overall sample, higher educational attainment was significantly and positively associated with better retirement preparedness (p < 0.001). However, consistent with the MDRs framework, the strength of this association was significantly weaker for Black and Latino participants compared to non-Latino White participants (p < 0.05). Non-Latino Whites with higher education levels reported substantially better retirement preparedness, while the same level of education yielded smaller gains in retirement preparedness for Black and Latino individuals. Conclusion: The findings support the Minorities' Diminished Returns theory, showing that although educational attainment enhances retirement preparedness for all groups, Black and Latino individuals derive fewer benefits compared to their non-Latino White counterparts. These disparities point to persistent structural inequalities and systemic barriers within the education system and labor market, as well as the effects of segregation and discrimination, which undermine the economic benefits of education for marginalized populations. Addressing these disparities requires targeted policy interventions aimed at eliminating racial and ethnic inequalities in retirement outcomes and ensuring equitable benefits from educational attainment for all groups.

Background: Educational attainment is known to improve self-rated health; however, research suggests that these benefits may be less pronounced for racial and ethnic minority groups. The Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) theory posits that the protective effects of resources such as education are weaker for marginalized populations, such as Black and Latino individuals, compared to their White counterparts. Objective: This study aims to investigate racial and ethnic disparities in the association between years of schooling and self-rated health among U.S. adults, with a focus on understanding the reduced health benefits of education for Black and Latino individuals. Methods: Using data from the Understanding America Study (UAS; 2014), we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of adults aged 18 and older (N = 6,785). Self-rated health was the outcome, and years of schooling was the primary independent variable. We controlled for sociodemographic factors including age, gender, employment status, immigration status, and marital status. Stratified analyses were conducted by race/ethnicity (Non-Latino White, Non-Latino Black, and Latino). Linear regression models were used to examine the association between years of schooling and self-rated health, and interaction terms were included to assess variation in this relationship across racial/ethnic groups. Results: While years of schooling was positively associated with better self-rated health overall, the magnitude of this effect was weaker for Black and Latino individuals compared to White individuals. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, Black and Latino adults reported worse self-rated health for each additional year of schooling, compared to their White counterparts, supporting the MDRs hypothesis. Conclusion: The findings suggest that while higher educational attainment is protective against worse self-rated health, this protection is not equally distributed across racial and ethnic groups. Black and Latino individuals experience diminished returns from their years of schooling in terms of self-rated health, likely due to structural barriers and social inequalities. Policies addressing health disparities must consider these diminished returns and aim to reduce structural racism and discrimination that undermine the benefits of education for minoritized populations.

Background: Educational attainment is a well-established social determinant of various domains of cognitive function across the lifespan. However, the theory of Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) suggests that the health benefits of educational attainment tend to be weaker for ethnic minorities compared to non-Latino Whites. This phenomenon may reflect the impact of structural inequalities, social stratification, and historical disadvantage. Objective: This study examines whether the association between educational attainment and numeracy score, one domain of cognitive function, is weaker in Latino individuals compared to non-Latino individuals, as predicted by the MDRs framework. Methods: Data were drawn from the 2014 wave of the Understanding America Study (UAS), a national internet-based panel. Numeracy score, a domain of the cognitive function was measured using an 8-item measure. Linear regression models were used to analyze the association between educational attainment and numeracy score, with an interaction term for ethnicity x educational attainment to explore differences between Latino and non-Latino participants. Models were adjusted for age, gender, marital status, immigration, and employment, and results were presented as beta coefficients, p-values, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Overall, 5,659 participants entered our analysis. Higher educational attainment was positively associated with higher numeracy score for both Latino and non-Latino participants (p < 0.001). However, the interaction between education and ethnicity was significant (p < 0.05), indicating that Latino individuals experienced smaller numeracy benefits from education compared to non-Latino individuals. These results support the MDRs framework, suggesting that structural barriers may reduce the numeracy returns of education for Latino individuals. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of diminished returns of educational attainment in terms of numeracy scores among Latino individuals. While education is a key determinant of cognitive abilities such as numeracy, its benefits are not equitably distributed across ethnic groups. Structural inequalities particularly in educational opportunities likely contribute to this disparity. Addressing these underlying factors through targeted policy interventions is necessary to promote cognitive equity for Latino populations.

Objective: The study investigated the biological effects and molecular mechanisms of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on periodontal bone regeneration. Methods: Electronic and manual searches were searched up to 1 October 2022 in the following databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Embase. [Platelet rich plasma or platelet or growth factors] and [periodontal] or [bone regeneration or bone defect or bone reconstruction] were used for searching. This study reviewed and analyzed published papers associated with PRP and periodontal bone defect restoration or bone regeneration or bone reconstruction. Results: Different growth factors exhibited varied biological characteristics and function. In-vitro studies, animal experiments and clinical studies confirmed that PRP displayed assorted role in periodontal bone defects repair. The growth factors secreted from PRP can promote new bone formation, soft tissue regeneration and wound healing. The fiber three-dimensional structure in PRP is conducive to the growth and migration of cells and provides strong support for the regeneration of periodontal soft and hard tissues. The anti-inflammatory characteristics of PRP are also closely related to the repair of periodontal bone defects. Conclusion: PRP played an important biological effect on periodontal bone regeneration. The mechanism is closely related to PRP promoting the growth, proliferation, differentiation and migration of periodontal ligament cells and osteoblasts, and the fiber stereo configuration of PRP and the anti-inflammatory effect of leukocytes.

CoV-2 disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exerted a great burden on the health and economic systems worldwide. One of the most important factors that affect the severity and prognosis of COVID-19 is the occurrence of hyperstimulation of the immune system resulting in “cytokine storm”. Similar to SARS-CoV, an intracellular complex called nod like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was found to be activated by SARS-CoV-2, then in turn stimulates several interleukins and initiates the inflammatory cascade. In addition, other inflammatory mediators such as interferons e.g., IFN-α, and IFN-γ, interleukins e.g., IL-1β, IL-12, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α), and chemokines e.g., CCL2, CXCL10 have been reported in severely ill patients. These mediators represent the corner stone in developing cytokine storm that results in uncontrolled systemic inflammatory reaction with subsequent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple organ failure and eventually death. Based on its anti-inflammatory effects, colchicine has also gained attention to be utilized in the management of COVID-19 patient. Colchicine exerts its anti-inflammatory effect through inhibition of formation of microtubules which is considered an essential step in several cellular processes such as division, signalling, and migration. Also, colchicine affects the cytokine cascade by inhibiting IL-1β leading to reduction in neutrophils recruitment, free radicles production and inflammasome stimulation. This raises the concerns about the effectiveness of colchicine in COVID-19 treatment and the possibility of providing an improvement of the clinical course of the disease.

First, we propose the nonlinear whole seismology and its three basic laws. Next, based on the nonlinear equations of fluid dynamics in Earth’s crust, we obtain a chaos equation, in which chaos corresponds to the earthquake, and shows complexity on seismology. But, combining the Carlson-Langer model and the Gutenberg-Richter relation, a simplified nonlinear solution and corresponding magnitude-period formula of earthquakes may be derived approximately. Further, we research the topological seismology. From these theories some predictions can be calculated quantitatively and are already tested. Combining the Lorenz nonlinear model, we may discuss the earthquake migration to and fro. Finally, if various modern scientific instruments, different scientific theories and some paranormal ways for earthquake are combined each other, the accuracy of multilevel prediction will be increased.

Migrating enterprise policy systems to .NET Core is a key objective of digital transformation in the Insurance IT ecosystem. This change directly addresses strategic drivers: enabling adoption of cloud-first development, resisting market pressure for more flexible and usable enterprise solutions, and preparing for changing demands from regulation and compliance. Phases of operational benefit aligned with risk mitigation form the basis of the migration roadmap, with a strong focus on engaging all relevant stakeholders. Market pressure for a SEAMLESS user experience across ALL applications is a fundamental driver for Investment in digital transformation. Gaps remain in enterprise Operations, where Legislative and regulatory accountability Demand rigid and complex solutions that Liberty has not yet been able to provide. New risk-based capital requirements, Data-Sovereignty controls, Controls for sensitive Data in the Cloud, and new Audit requirements create a long list of challenges for the ecosystem that can no longer be Deferred. At the same time, Cross-organisational integration is becoming more important and integrating partners from the insurance supply-chain requires a much more flexible approach to development and Deployment. These factors combine to generate a credible case for accelerated digital investment with a focus on Migration to Cloud Platforms, with related Risk mitigation, Quality Improvements, and flexibility benefits that close Industry gaps.

Key business objectives for digital infrastructure cloud adoption are often framed in terms of reducing cost, improving fault tolerance and resilience, simplifying scale, and enabling innovation. Given the critical nature of the financial sector, however, where timeliness and price can significantly determine an outcome, cloud migration in delivery environments demands greater throughput on the critical path and, in many enterprise-scale settings, forgoes hybrid complexity and multi-cloud risks. Nevertheless, slack in system designs does exist; financial institutions enable market functionality—trading, clearing/best execution—despite potentially being able to meet such sets with lower service levels than other verticals. A cloud multi-account structure for sensitive data, for example, naturally limits exposure when combined with observed risk. Fulfilling predictions of elasticity during periods of high demand usually requires support from a dedicated environment (or environments) located nearer to the operations. Components can consequently be allocated on a per-account basis or maintained as shared sink systems to which the dedicated streams write. The automation code can similarly be targeted for dedicated accounts, avoiding the resource constraints that beset such operations during industry events like emergency triage/contact desking.

Scalable architecture principles for data warehousing are introduced to support population health management and predictive analytics. These principles are validated through the design of an accompanying Data Pipeline that allows the integration of non-traditional data sources, the use of real-time data for descriptive analytics dashboards, and support for the generation of supervised Machine Learning models. Several analytical capabilities have been implemented to exemplify the practical application of the principles, including predictive models for Risk Stratification in health care. Optimal cost-effectiveness and performance considerations ensure the practical relevance of the architectural principles and associated Data Pipeline. In recent years, the availability of Low-Cost Data Storage services and the increasing popularity of Streaming technologies opened new possibilities for the storage and processing of Streaming data on a near-real-time basis. These technologies can help Developing Countries in tackling many relevant issues such as Urban Planning, Environmental Management, Migration Policies, etc. A multi-tier approach combining Cloud-based Storage with Data Warehousing and Data Mining technologies can offer an interesting architecture to exploit Big Data related to populations.