Preference learning plays a crucial role in AI applications, particularly in recommender systems and personalized services. Traditional pairwise comparisons, while foundational, present scalability challenges in large-scale systems. This study explores alternative elicitation methods such as ranking, numerical ratings, and natural language feedback, alongside a novel hybrid framework that dynamically integrates these approaches. The proposed methods demonstrate improved efficiency, reduced cognitive load, and enhanced accuracy. Results from simulated user studies reveal that hybrid approaches outperform traditional methods, achieving a 40% reduction in user effort while maintaining high predictive accuracy. These findings open pathways for deploying user-centric, scalable preference learning systems in dynamic environments.

A user is considered to be someone who would be actually using the system. The definition of a user is contextual and for any specific software project it depends on the software development methodology being developed. Satisfaction is the fulfillment of one’s wishes, expectations, needs or the pleasure that is derived from using a software product therefore “user satisfaction “is a reflection of quality from different perspective than measuring defects or code structure. Measurement in software engineering makes comparison possible and when you compare you have a choice and quality is quantified in terms of values. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the impact of software measurement scales on user satisfaction.

The growing unconcern and poor attitude of some Ghanaians towards environmental protection and sanitation practices has become very endemic in Ghanaian Societies. Littering especially is considered a major environmental problem within the setting of this study. This study employed the mixed-method approach in integrating qualitative and quantitative research data. The study adopted a convergent parallel research design. The population for this study consisted of all teaching staff and students of Sefwi Wiawso Senior High Technical School and St. Joseph Catholic Senior High School in Sefwi Wiawso municipality in the Western North Region of Ghana. Purposive, simple random, and convenient sampling techniques were used to select the schools, teachers and students for the study. A sample size of one hundred and ninety-eight (198) consisting of one hundred eighty-eight (188) students and ten (10) teachers were selected for the study. The two main instruments used for data collection were questionnaires and interview guides. The quantitative data obtained from the questionnaire were coded with numerical values and keyed into the data view of the SPSS version 23. The qualitative data was analysed through content analysis and was further transcribed into themes for analysis with a side-by-side comparison with the quantitative data. The qualitative data gathered and presented, were organised and analysed manually using emerging themes. The study revealed that littering is currently caused by irresponsible behaviour among some staff and students coupled with other factors such as lazy attitudes among people, inadequate waste bins on campus, and more seriously, less sensitization of people on littering in the various senior high schools. The study also indicated that provisions of adequate waste bins at vantage points in the various campuses, awarding prizes to individual students and groups with good waste management practices on campus, implementing rules and regulations on littering, as well as educating, and sensitizing students and staff on littering on campuses formed the possibilities on how schools can shape up staff and student’s attitudes towards healthy environment by avoid littering. It is recommended that Students with good waste management practices should be rewarded to encourage others in Senior High Schools. It is also recommended that sustainable waste management practices (collection, transportation, and treatment) should be employed in all the Senior High Schools across the country.

Background: Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is a drug with a wide spectrum of clinical uses. Its effectiveness in the treatment of cancer (acute and chronic leukemias, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma) and non-malignant diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and vasculitis has been well established. Objectives: The present investigation aimed to study the effect of a sub-lethal dose of the cyclophosphamide, 5-FU combination of 5-FU, and CPA on haematological parameters in the albino rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight male adults were grouped randomly into four groups (n=5 in each group). Group I (control): Rats were injected with saline intraperitoneally at a dose of 1.0 ml/kg b.w. for 14 days. Group II cyclophosphamide (CPA): Cyclophosphamide at a dose of 10 mg/kg day by day through i.p. to rats for 14 days. Group III Fluorouracil (5-FU): 5-Fluorouracil at a dose of 10 mg/kg day by day in saline was given through i.p. to rats for 14 days. Group IV (CPA+5-FU): Rats were given CPA followed by 5-FU at a dose of 10 mg/kg per day (day by day) through i.p. to rats for 14 days. At the end of the experimental period, rats were anesthetized using light ether. Blood samples were taken for hematological evaluation. Results: White blood cells, hemoglobin content and red blood cell counts were significantly decline in rats treated with individual treatment with CPA and 5-FU in comparison to the control group, while the Combination antagonize the changes produced by CPA in hemoglobin and red blood cell counts. Intraperitoneal individual treatment with CPA and 5-FU in rats caused a significant reduction in the hematocrit and platelet. The reductions in these measured hematological parameters were also significantly and slightly ameliorated when the animals were given a combination of CPA and 5-FU. Cyclophosphamide and 5-FU individually reduced lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes; while the combination of CPA and 5-FU antagonized these changes compared to CPA treated group. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the treatment of mammals with chemotherapy is associated with the production of free radicals that lead to hazardous alterations in hematological parameters. However, 5-FU and CPA combination could produce a significant amelioration in most cases for these changes. Future work should consider combined chemotherapy regimens, as two or more mechanisms of action of chemotherapeutic drugs could be more powerful than one mechanism. Using cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil in combination may reduce cyclophosphamide’s side effects when given individually.

In mid 2000s, a new Fintech era has commenced which is known as “Crowd lending” or “FinTech Credit” whereby credit activities are realized online through internet platforms that match borrowers with lenders (investors). Those kinds of lending activities are named Peer to Peer Lending (P2P). The purpose of this study to elaborate the functioning and regulatory framework of P2P lending in US and China. Those two countries can be considered as two conspicuous example of the application of P2P lending especially in terms of regulation. China transformed its P2P market in 2015 after a long loose regulation period and US from the very beginning applied a strict regulation on the market. By that way, a set of terms of regulation is aimed to be proposed especially for the emerging market countries. It is thought that P2P lending can contribute to the economic development of the emerging market countries if it is applied properly. The contribution of this study to newly developing literature is to provide a comparison and also a set of terms of regulation to be applied in the emerging market countries.

Carboxylates and their antimony(III) complexes experimentally scanned earlier for anti-leishmanial activity (IC₅₀) against five leishmanial strains viz., L. major, L. major (Pak), L. tropica, L. mex mex, and L. donovani. These activities have been theoretically predicted by DFT method along with quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study. Molecular modeling and geometry optimization of the all the eight compounds have been performed on workspace program of CAChe Pro software of Fujitsu by opting B88-PW91 (Becke '88; Perdew & Wang '91) GGA (generalized-gradient approximation) energy functional with DZVP (double-zeta valence polarized ) basis set in DFT (Density Functional Theory). For QSAR, multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis has been performed on Project Leader Program associated with CAChe. The reliability of correlation between experimental activities and predicted activities are r² = 0.826, r²_CV = 0.426 (L. major); r² = 0.905, r²_CV = 0.507 (L. major (Pak)); r² = 0.980, r²_CV = 0.932 (L. tropica); r² = 0.781, r²_CV = 0.580 (L. mex mex) and r² = 0.634, r²_CV = 0.376 (L. donovani), and a comparison of the experimental values and the values obtained by theoretical calculations has been presented pictorially that shows close resemblance.

The requirement for any configuration of a chemical or biochemical reactor is the presence of efficient mixing to enhance heat and mass transfer as needed for the application of interest. Furthermore, as an Oscillatory Flow (OF) reactor has a combination of flow oscillation and baffled tube configuration, which has the potential to ensure efficient mixing, heat transfer, and mass transfer. In this way, an efficient mixing in an OF reactor is able to tackle any type of resistance in any chemical process from polymer synthesis to enzyme production. It has been observed that an OF reactor improved both conversion and selectivity of the relevant reaction by efficient mixing and transport properties. However, this technology was not still extended to mini-fluidic configuration via process intensification methods and so far, a novel approach for enhanced mixing at reduced scales was not explored. This work explores the application of OF technology in mini-fluidics. The feasibility analysis of Oscillatory Flow Technology in mini channels has been investigated using theoretical correlations from Conventional Oscillatory flow technology in process equipment. As a preliminary step in the process intensification of OF technology in mini channels, The Nusselt number (Nu) and pressure drop values are predicted from the literature and it has been observed that the transfer operations are also improved when oscillatory flow is applied in mini channels compared to commercial mini contactors such as corning heart shaped reactor. The plot between energy dissipation vs. mixing evaluated from theoretical calculations was drawn and compared with mini-fluidic mixers reported in literature. The most common mini-fluidic mixer is corning heart shaped reactor used for comparison with the proposed minichannel. Because of this analysis, the novel mixing geometries was expected to develop for various chemical processing applications. The OFT experimental set up was developed to create oscillatory flow via either forward rotation or backward rotation of valve. Furthermore, pressure vs. time profile and flow vs. time profile for the given OF mini fluidic arrangement is initially investigated and described. Preliminary experimental results are provided for an OF generator, intended for use in subsequent experiments exploring mini-fluidic mixers with OF technology.

This research work is about the propagation of electromagnetic waves on coaxial cables such that its resistive losses are minimized, and signal quality is improved. The resistive loss of a coaxial cable is caused by several things; impedance of the conductor, and the type of dielectric material used and the skin effect and causes the signal to be attenuated. In this research, various comparison was made on different coaxial cables in other to test their resistivity per length of the conductor and measure the losses per meter of the coaxial cables. The various properties of the conductor, the impedance, capacitance, and the velocity of propagations was taken into consideration. Measurements were carried out to derive our data, and MATLAB was used in analyzing the results and the behaviour of the LMR series, RG8, RG6A, Davis RF, and CQ110 coaxial cables. Based on the findings, it is concluded that for a better and improved signal quality and to reduce resistive losses in coaxial cables, the characteristic impedance of the cable should be 80 ohms as this will reduce the coaxial cable resistive losses.

The bottom-up or informal placemaking process is “illegal”, practised only by the “poor” and “unintellectual” classes. The author argues that various classes practise informal placemaking regardless of their economic status or educational level. Studying the spatial manifestation of informal placemaking helps to understand the concrete needs of the residents and reconsider their role in identifying places. Aiming to comprehend informal placemaking and its importance, this study investigates informal placemaking in Sheraton Residence, Heliopolis, Cairo. The area is chosen for its formality, socio-economic and cultural patterns. Cases of informal placemaking in Sheraton Residence are described and analysed to pinpoint their role in creating a sense of place, territorial identity and comprehending their meaning. A comparison with cases in informal low-income housing is conducted to construct diversities and similarities. The study encourages the re-thinking of the public role in placemaking as a place of negotiation and belonging. We can improve their urban quality by re-thinking informal placemaking and looking at how people use the place. The general impression that only informal housing and low-educated classes practise informal placemaking is incorrect.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the factors contributing to domestic violence in Koforidua in the New Juaben Municipality of Ghana. The population of the study consisted of 340 men selected from four communities in Koforidua. Purposive sampling technique 4 communities. Using the Krejcie and Morgan table, a sample size of 340 men were selected which is appropriate for a population of 3428 with an alpha level of 5 percent in a quantitative study. The selection was based on the fact that these communities registered the highest cases of domestic violence in the Municipality. The main instrument used for the study was structured questionnaire. Data analysed using SPSS (Statistical Product for Service Solution, version 20). Statistical tools such as frequency distribution tables, percentages, charts and cross tabulation was used. The frequency tables were used to give the summary of the data for easy understanding and comparison. The study revealed that men perceive that factors like show of power, exposure to domestic violence, poor communication in marriage, unemployment and poverty, control of women through discipline and women’s low academic achievement are the triggers of domestic violence in a marital relationship. The study recommended that effort ought to be put in place to unravel the mystery surrounding male supremacy over women at both institutional and community levels by DOVVSU, Gender Advocacy Groups and other institutions to benefit humanity and society at large.

Artificial intelligence (AI) based triage and diagnostic systems are increasingly being used in healthcare. Although these online tools can improve patient care, their reliability and accuracy remain variable. We hypothesized that an artificial intelligence (AI) powered triage and diagnostic system (MayaMD) would compare favorably with human doctors with respect to triage and diagnostic accuracy. We performed a prospective validation study of the accuracy and safety of an AI powered triage and diagnostic system. Identical cases were evaluated by an AI system and individual Indian healthcare practitioners (HCPs) to draw comparison for accuracy and safety. The same cases were validated with the help of consensus received from an expert panel of 3 doctors. These cases in the form of clinical vignettes were provided by an expert medical team. Overall, the study showed that the MayaMD AI based platform for virtual triage was able to recommend the most appropriate triage ensuring patient safety. In fact, the accuracy of triage recommendation by MayaMD was significantly better than that provided by individual HCPs (74% vs. 91.67%, p=0.04) with consensus being used as standard.

Ever since the idea of sustainable development was proposed, how to achieve it has always been the focus of researchers and policymakers. At the same time, in the letters of sustainable development, two approaches of weak sustainability and strong sustainability have been mentioned; Two approaches with different assumptions suggest different policies and will have different consequences. On the other hand, with the increase of environmental concerns in recent decades, the concept of natural capital and physical, human, and social capital has been added to the common literature of economics. Recently, with the collection of data related to the natural capital of nations by the World Bank, the possibility of statistical studies in this field has been provided. In the form of several regression models and at the international level, the present study will analyze the most fundamental difference between the two approaches of weak sustainability and strong sustainability, i.e., the possibility or impossibility of replacing physical capital instead of natural capital. The study results show that natural capital has a direct, positive, and independent role in explaining sustainable development indicators. Even the addition of physical, human, and social capital indicators does not threaten the significant coefficient of natural capital. Therefore, it can be concluded that under the assumption of a strong sustainability model, other types of capital can not replace natural capital.

Over the past few decades, cardiovascular disease and related complications have surpassed all others as the important causes of death on a universal scale. At the moment, they are the important cause of mortality universal, including in India. It is important to know how to find cardiovascular problems early so that patients get better care and prices go down. This project utilizes the UCI Heart Disease Dataset to develop ML and DL models capable of detecting cardiac diseases. Heart illness was categorized using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models, which are able to detect intricate patterns in supplied data. A confusion matrix rating, an F1-score, a ROC curve, accuracy, precision, and recall were some of the measures used to grade the model. It did much better than the Neural Network, Deep Neural Network (DNN), and Gradient Boosted Trees (GBT) models, with 91.71% accuracy, 88.88% precision, 82.75% memory, and 85.70% F1-score. Comparative study showed that CNN was the most accurate model. Other models had different balances between accuracy and recall. The experiment results show that the optional CNN model is a decent way to identify cardiovascular disease. This means that it could be used in healthcare systems to find diseases earlier and treat patients better.

With unclaimed property assets reaching record levels, businesses have become, in some cases, overwhelmed and hamstrung by stagnant, unoptimized processes. That sentiment is compounded by ever-evolving regulatory changes, resulting in organizations struggling to hit compliance deadlines while delivering an optimal claimant experience. Often, early systems had periods of short-term success but are on the verge of obsolescence, resulting in stressed workflows and cumbersome integrations. Deploying an integrated IT infrastructure, supported by cloud-enabled AI, represents the quickest path to modernizing unclaimed property management. A fully integrated IT infrastructure is crucial to optimize the management of unclaimed property [1]. When lone solutions exist across an organization, companies miss out on automation opportunities generated through the interconnectedness of systems and data. AI presents organizations with the opportunity to traverse these gaps, enabling a vast library of applications to improve the perturbed workflows of unclaimed property teams. Automated data extraction, document comparison, fraudulent claim detection, and workflow completion analysis are just a few popular applications well suited for the unclaimed property space. In addition to the lagging technology currently deployed by many organizations, the unclaimed property landscape itself is evolving. Compliance issuance, asset availability, rates, the ability to collect fraudulently posted claims, and the claimant experience have all become hot-button items that are now front of mind for regulation agencies and businesses alike. Issuing duplication letters in a compliant manner, accommodating claimant inquiries regarding held assets, and managing, processing, and understanding the operational impact of rate changes are vexing problems many organizations now find themselves playing catch-up to address. The opportunity posed by cloud-enabled AI is furthered by economic, regulatory, and report cycle pressures on unclaimed property teams to do more with the same size or fewer resources. It’s now no longer simply a case of hitting the audit date deadline and checking off a box but an emerging priority for businesses at all sides of the market, from Fortune 500 to mid-market firms. In-house shared service teams are comfortable in areas of monitoring and curating business data; however, unclaimed property is an unknown territory with a learning curve, compliance gaps, and operational holes that, if ignored, stand to scale up exponentially. The combined fallout from regulatory changes and the recent pandemic have only made the situation riskier, with increased volatility in balancing time-sensitive tasks against stringent regulatory deadlines and growing claimant outreach.