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Open Access September 04, 2022

Drug-Receptor Interaction of Peptidic HIV-1 Protease: The Hydrophobic Effect-I

Vishnu Kumar Sahu, Rajesh Kumar Singh, Pashupati Prasad Singh

Online Journal of Microbiological Research 2022, 1(1), 33-48. DOI: 10.31586/ojmr.2022.411

Abstract When a drug interacts with its receptor, the nonpolar substituent of drug and receptor proteins attract each other because they have opposite magnitude with respect to each other. X-rays structure studies reflected that the S2/S2’ pocket in HIV-1 protease enzyme are essentially hydrophobic. The residues that make up these pockets are Val-32, Ile-47, Ile-50, and Ile-84 in each monomeric [...] Read more.

When a drug interacts with its receptor, the nonpolar substituent of drug and receptor proteins attract each other because they have opposite magnitude with respect to each other. X-rays structure studies reflected that the S2/S2’ pocket in HIV-1 protease enzyme are essentially hydrophobic. The residues that make up these pockets are Val-32, Ile-47, Ile-50, and Ile-84 in each monomeric polypeptidic unit of the protease enzyme. Δπ_dr and ΔSASA_dr have been used to measure the extent of hydrophobic interaction between peptidic protease inhibitors and receptor proteins (binding site: valine‒isoleucine; and catalytic site: glycine‒aspartic acid‒threonine) on the HIV-1 protease enzyme. For measurement of hydrophobic interaction, the molecular modeling and geometry optimization of all the inhibitors and the receptor amino acids have been carried out with CAChe Pro software by opting semiempirical PM3 methods. Log P was calculated using the atom-typing scheme of Ghose and Crippen, while solvent accessible surface area by conductor likes screening model. π_d, π_r, SASA_Sd and SASA_Srwell describe the hydrophobicities of the substituents and play the effective role for site selectivity for interaction of the drug with the receptor. Comparative study of values of Δπ_dr and ΔSASA_dr show the order of hydrophobic interaction with respect to amino acids: Asp > Thr > Val > Ile and Thr > Val > Asp > Ile, respectively. Further, comparative study of the values of (ΣΔπ_dr)_binding-site, (ΣΔπ_dr)_{catalytic-site}, (ΣΔSASA_dr)_binding-site, (ΣΔSASA_dr)_{catalytic-site} shows that peptidic HIV-1-PRIs interact with binding site rather than catalytic site as binding site have lower value of ΣΔπ_dr and ΣΔSASA_dr. Among the binding site, Val has maximum interaction than Ile, as it has lower vale of Δπ_dr and ΔSASA_dr.

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Open Access September 01, 2022

Dynamics of Pharmaceutical Drugs Serialization

Naveen Rajora

Universal Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2022, 1(1), 43-49. DOI: 10.31586/ujpp.2022.396

Abstract The healthcare access is fundamental rights for every human being. It is Governments responsibility to provide good healthcare services and infrastructure to its citizen. Since last few decades, Government and healthcare industries are struggling to minimize the adverse events impacting people health due to fake medicine. The world health organization also predicted that 4 out of 10 medicines in [...] Read more.

The healthcare access is fundamental rights for every human being. It is Governments responsibility to provide good healthcare services and infrastructure to its citizen. Since last few decades, Government and healthcare industries are struggling to minimize the adverse events impacting people health due to fake medicine. The world health organization also predicted that 4 out of 10 medicines in developing and poor countries are either fake or potentially adulterated. Counterfeit drugs cost billions of dollars deficit to world economy and reduce research and development (R&D) funds allocation from organizations. Stopping counterfeit medicine into supply chain is main challenge for Government and regulatory authorities. The Government and regulatory authorities are now making stringent guidelines to prohibit criminals and counterfeiters to supply fake medicine in markets. Healthcare industry need stringent regulations and secure technologies provide sage and authentic drugs to patients. The FDA has published the 10 years roadmap to implement the drug traceability in United States. The Healthcare Distribution Alliance (HDA) has also mandated to print several barcodes and human readable data in product packaging hierarchy. The FDA is participating in pilot project with leading pharmaceutical drug manufacturer and wholesales to use blockchain technology in interoperable digital network for securing digital traceability data transfer between authorized trading partners.

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Review Article

Open Access July 13, 2022

Accessibility Issues Facing School Supervision: A Study of Island Schools in the Krachi-East and Krachi-West Education Directorates, Ghana

Emmanuel Nomah, Jacob Issaka, Samuel Abotowuro, Lambert Sefadzi Ahiadzu

Universal Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2022, 2(3), 133-143. DOI: 10.31586/ujssh.2022.363

Abstract Supervision is at the core of every successful organization or institution. The fundamental thrust of this study is to examine the challenges external supervisors encounter and the mitigating measures they employ to ensure supervision of schools in island communities within the Krachi-East and Krachi-West Education Directorates in the Oti Region, Ghana. The study employed the mixed method approach [...] Read more.

Supervision is at the core of every successful organization or institution. The fundamental thrust of this study is to examine the challenges external supervisors encounter and the mitigating measures they employ to ensure supervision of schools in island communities within the Krachi-East and Krachi-West Education Directorates in the Oti Region, Ghana. The study employed the mixed method approach to studying phenomena, precisely the sequential explanatory mixed method. The quantitative data was gathered from seventeen (17) participants and analysed descriptively using mean and standard deviation with the help of the SPSS software package and presented in tables. The qualitative data from three (3) interviewees was analysed based on themes that are related to the research questions. The study established that the accessibility of island schools by external supervisors was a major challenge. This was due to a lack of readily available canoes and the required accessories for safe travelling by water. The study recommends that schools in such enclaves be provided with outboard motors, canoes, and life jackets as well as operators.

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Open Access July 01, 2022

Effect of Rainfall on Yield Related Traits and Total Carotenoids Contents of 42 Accessions of Provitamin A Cassava at Two Cropping Seasons in Ibadan

Olusegun David Badewa, Elizabeth Parkes, Eli Kolo Tsado, Andrew Saba Gana, Kehinde Dele Tolorunse, Patrick Akpotuzor, Peter Iluebbey, Toye Ayankanmi

Open Journal of Agricultural Research 2022, 2(1), 37-49. DOI: 10.31586/ojar.2022.314

Abstract Cassava crop improvement is a function of selecting superior genotypes that meets the end-users needs and preference. This is done via genotype testing at different environments thereby subjecting the materials to the elements of climate and other environmental factors. In pro-vitamin a cassava genotypes, dry matter (DM), total carotenoids (TC), and fresh root yield (FYLD) are important traits for [...] Read more.

Cassava crop improvement is a function of selecting superior genotypes that meets the end-users needs and preference. This is done via genotype testing at different environments thereby subjecting the materials to the elements of climate and other environmental factors. In pro-vitamin a cassava genotypes, dry matter (DM), total carotenoids (TC), and fresh root yield (FYLD) are important traits for improving economic status, nutritional health and livelihoods of farmers and processors. This study evaluated the effect of rainfall patterns on 42 provitamin A Cassava accessions for FYLD, DM, TC at different months (6,9&12 months after planting) and for two seasons (2019/2020 and 2020/2021) in Ibadan. The study shows that the relationship between TC and FYLD were more variable at second season than in the first season. The relationships between TC & DM and FYLD & DM at both seasons showed similar variability. The rainfall pattern shows that higher rainfall trend was noticed at the first cropping season (2019/2020) than 2020/2021 cropping seasons. At different months categories and across cropping season, rainfall recorded the least value of 4.58mm at 6 Months After Planting (MAP) which was in the month of December, increased at 9 MAP (Mar) and all through the 12 MAP (107.05mm). Traits relationship with rainfall shows that yield increased with rainfall, DM (25.70%) was highest during the months of least rainfall (4.58mm) and decreased (16.40%) as rainfall (52.09mm) starts during the 9 MAP and at 12 MAP, when the rainfall was 107mm, the DM was 18.76%. Total carotenoids were highest at 6 MAP with 13.76 µg/g when the rainfall was least and decreased (13.04 µg/g) with increased rainfall. During the first cropping season, DM and TC were higher with higher rainfall but with reduced fresh root yield while at second season, when the rainfall was lower, fresh root yield was higher.

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Open Access June 13, 2022

Wireless Technology is Easy to Use

Sinisa Franjic

International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering, Biological and Applied Computing 2022, 1(1), 22-29. DOI: 10.31586/ijmebac.2022.294

Abstract Wireless networking is the connection of computers, digital communication devices, network equipment, and various other devices via radio waves. It is applied in places where the wired infrastructure cannot be installed or the price of introducing such a structure is too high. In addition, it has some features that are a great advantage over wired networking, such as customer mobility, easy [...] Read more.

Wireless networking is the connection of computers, digital communication devices, network equipment, and various other devices via radio waves. It is applied in places where the wired infrastructure cannot be installed or the price of introducing such a structure is too high. In addition, it has some features that are a great advantage over wired networking, such as customer mobility, easy expandability, and fast and low-cost temporary networking. Wireless technology allows us mobility and ease of use, but most users do not think about security. Users are insufficiently informed about the dangers of the Internet. Many of them do not pay attention to that and access important data such as bank accounts, e-mail, and any other contents that must be preserved and hidden. Today, there are more and more malicious actions, where hackers use various methods and technologies to attack users' accounts, bypassing all protections. Today, the issue of security is one of the priorities for every Internet user. Due to its characteristics, wireless communication is exposed to attacks due to the way they are sent, and there is a possibility of intercepting information.

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Review Article

Open Access May 22, 2022

Pooled prevalence and contextual determinants of contraceptive utilization among reproductive-age women in The Gambia: Evidence from 2013 – 2020 Demographic Health Surveys

Amadou Barrow, Afape Ayobami, Erin M. Reynolds

Current Research in Public Health 2022, 2(1), 1-14. DOI: 10.31586/crph.2022.299

Abstract Background: Family planning (FP) methods have been found as an efficient approach of reducing fertility and are therefore widely supported in order to decrease population growth, particularly in poor nations. Promoting contraception availability among women (15 – 49) age has also been shown to be an efficient public health strategy for improving maternal and newborn health outcomes. This [...] Read more.

Background: Family planning (FP) methods have been found as an efficient approach of reducing fertility and are therefore widely supported in order to decrease population growth, particularly in poor nations. Promoting contraception availability among women (15 – 49) age has also been shown to be an efficient public health strategy for improving maternal and newborn health outcomes. This paper aimed at exploring the pooled prevalence of contraceptive uptake and its contextual determinants among women of childbearing age in The Gambia. Methods: The Gambia Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) in both 2013 and 2019-20 was used for this study. Data were obtained from a pooled 22,098 women aged 15-49 (10,233 for 2013 and 11,865 for 2019-20) through a stratified two-stage cluster sampling approach. Percentages and chi-square tests were used and variables with p-value <0.05 were included into the model. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the predictors of contraceptive usage at 95% confidence interval (CIs) with computed adjusted odds ratios (aORs). All the study data were analyzed using Stata version 15. Results: The weighted pooled prevalence of modern contraceptive utilization in The Gambia was 10.1%. Younger age, compared with women aged 25-29; 30-34; 35-39; 40-44; primary education (aOR=1.25, 95% CI=1.05-1.49); secondary education (aOR=1.57, 95% CI= 1.32-1.85); Higher education (aOR=1.90, 95% CI=1.34-12.69); living in urban areas (aOR=1.49, 95% CI= 1.25-1.79); parity 2-4 (aOR=1.21, 95% CI= 1.01-1.47); told about FP at health facility (aOR=2.97, 95% CI= 2.61-3.38), and no desire for many children (aOR=1.96, 95% CI= 1.62-2.37) were more like to use modern contraceptives among Gambian women. Conclusion: The programme certainly needs to consider improvements in the quality of care being offered to acceptors. Government agencies should target these programs and campaigns on regional FP demands and provide suitable culturally sensitive and regionally adaptive services to the communities' contexts. The programme should intensify its efforts in rural and urban settings to improve accessibility to and availability of FP services.

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Open Access May 21, 2022

State of knowledge and challenges in the control and eradication of Onchocerciasis in Africa: a mini scoping review

Amadou Barrow, Fatou Mbowe

Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences 2022, 2(1), 1-6. DOI: 10.31586/jbls.2022.303

Abstract Background: Onchocerciasis is a vector-borne neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by the filarial worm Onchocerca volvulus [...] Read more.

Background: Onchocerciasis is a vector-borne neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by the filarial worm Onchocerca volvulus. Given the high morbidity and mortality, onchocerciasis control gained great attention from many stakeholders both nationally and internationally. However, there are still the need for further solidified commitments and compelling initiatives across concerned stakeholders including regional bodies in the fight toward controlling its burden and risks. Thus, this review briefly appraised the current understanding and dynamics in the control and eradication efforts of Onchocerciasis in Africa. Methods: A rapid scoping review was used for this paper. Key databases used for this study include Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed and Google Scholar to identify a series of relevant peer-reviewed publications. The search contained just English-language articles. In addition, African government websites and specialized organizations such as WHO, UNAIDS, CDC, etc. were accessed and reviewed to gather important data on national and international control programs, related documentation and consultative expert reports. Results: In Africa, long-standing strides toward the control and elimination measures for onchocerciasis were conducted for several decades. Between 1974 to 2002, OCP had actively led the control and containment efforts for onchocerciasis in the context of 11 West Africa. However, endemic regions and states have switched their policies from controlling to eradication, with the ultimate objective of preventing their territories from parasite spread. Some key challenges are the insufficient identification of all endemic areas, high prevalence of both onchocerciasis and loiasis, potential development of resistance to ivermectin, inconsistent initiatives to address cross-border problems, disagreements and social disturbance. Various challenges, however, impede current efforts to eradicate African onchocerciasis. Conclusion: In the last decades, extensive measures have been taken with specialized state programs, largely efficient in high endemic nations, to manage and control onchocerciasis in African regions. The implications of these and other difficulties at country level control programs must therefore be identified and country-specific contextual remedies used to expedite the elimination of onchocerciasis.

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Mini Review

Open Access March 16, 2022

Postpartum Depression during the Pandemic Crisis in Bangladesh: A Teleconsultation Insight

Ashish Joshi, Samia Amin

Open Journal of Psychology 2022, 2(1), 25-28. DOI: 10.31586/ojp.2022.245

Abstract Given the limited access to medical facilities, impeding lockdown, and social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic, an upsurge in postpartum depression among pregnant mothers in their puerperal period has become more apparent alongside an eventual increase in suicidal behavior. This article aimed to discuss the crucial aspects of different clinical case studies treated during recent periods [...] Read more.

Given the limited access to medical facilities, impeding lockdown, and social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic, an upsurge in postpartum depression among pregnant mothers in their puerperal period has become more apparent alongside an eventual increase in suicidal behavior. This article aimed to discuss the crucial aspects of different clinical case studies treated during recent periods throughout the COVID-19 pandemic via teleconsultations. We hoped to demonstrate tremendous opportunities for the application of healthcare via therapeutic tools online in telemedicine to manage such conditions in a developing country like Bangladesh with a severe scarcity of healthcare infrastructure and resources.

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Case Report

Open Access March 15, 2022

Diagnostic Assessment of Health Promotion Strategies for Increasing Access to Maternal Health Care Services

Njideka Gertrude Mbelede, Ngozi Constance Ejimonu, Onyinyechi Lynda Mbelede

Open Journal of Educational Research 2022, 2(2), 39-48. DOI: 10.31586/ojes.2022.218

Abstract Background: Everywhere in the world, Pregnancy and birth possess a risk to the life and health of women and newborns, regardless of whether a pregnancy was intended or unintended. The level of risk depends on a woman’s health before she is pregnant, her living conditions and the care she receives during delivery which is aggravated by lack of access to maternal health care services, leading [...] Read more.

Background: Everywhere in the world, Pregnancy and birth possess a risk to the life and health of women and newborns, regardless of whether a pregnancy was intended or unintended. The level of risk depends on a woman’s health before she is pregnant, her living conditions and the care she receives during delivery which is aggravated by lack of access to maternal health care services, leading to increase in the magnitude of death from preventable health problems. This paper therefore diagnostically assessed health promotion strategies for increasing access to maternal healthcare services in some remote districts in Anambra state. Methods: The study is a cross-sectional study and utilized a structured instrument which was validated by three experts in measurement and evaluation and health education and pilot tested on 20 pregnant women using test-retest in Ugwunagbor Abia state. The reliability yielded 0.84. Percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions. The population was 620 confirmed pregnant women from 4 to 9 months in the area of study in health centers in the state. A sample of 60 participants was selected using simple random sampling technique. Results: Findings show that antepartum, Intra-natal care, puerperium and family planning cares were prevalent in the local governments under study and that access to skilled delivery was associated with age, educational background, number of children and income level of the mother among other findings. Recommendations and conclusion: The researchers therefore recommended that there is urgent need to build healthy public policy, create supportive environments amongst others which can add to the effective measures of reducing maternal mortality in the longer term.

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Open Access March 11, 2022

Appraisal of Social Studies Teachers’ Conceptions and Efficacy Beliefs in Ghana: Teaching Effectiveness

Francis Nyantakyi, Alexander Kingsford Otoo, Patrick Kwarteng, Cynthia Anim, Francis Hull Adams

Open Journal of Educational Research 2022, 2(1), 32-38. DOI: 10.31586/ojer.2022.190

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Subject Conception and Efficacy Beliefs on the Teaching Effectiveness of Social Studies teachers. The study focused on how teachers’ conception of Social Studies affect their sense of efficacy and ultimately their teaching effectiveness. The study adopted a non-experimental descriptive design to achieve its objective. The population for the [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Subject Conception and Efficacy Beliefs on the Teaching Effectiveness of Social Studies teachers. The study focused on how teachers’ conception of Social Studies affect their sense of efficacy and ultimately their teaching effectiveness. The study adopted a non-experimental descriptive design to achieve its objective. The population for the study comprised of fifty-two (52) JHS Social Studies teachers. In this study the accessible population was the same as the target population. All the fifty-two (52) teachers teaching Social Studies in the Tano South district were used for the study. Purposive sampling technique was used to sample the respondents for the study. The data for the study was collected using the observation guide, questionnaire and teacher sense of efficacy scale adapted from Tschannen-Moran and Hoy, (2001). Mean, percentages, ranges and correlation were used to analyse the data using SPSS. The findings of the study showed that majority of the Social Studies teachers conceived the subject as citizenship education. Teachers’ also rated their sense of efficacy very high. However, the study revealed that most of the Social Studies teachers teaching effectiveness was low. The low teaching effectiveness would affect the realisation of the objectives of Social Studies. Also, there exist low correlation between teacher efficacy and teaching effectiveness as well as subject conception and teaching effectiveness. The correlation between teacher efficacy and effectiveness was weak and as such it is recommended that there should be a concerted effort to update and upgrade teachers’ knowledge with strong pedagogical skills and better understanding of the task of the Social Studies teacher through workshops and short courses.

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Open Access February 17, 2022

A Geospatial Analysis Approach for Mapping and Ranking of Tourist Corridors in Mashhad Metropolis Iran

Mozghan Sabet Teimouri, Alan Forghani, Sajedeh Baghban

World Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences 2022, 2(1), 1-23. DOI: 10.31586/wjgg.2022.240

Abstract Mashhad is one of the important metropolitans in the northeast of Iran with over 25 million tourists per year. After evaluating the physical space of Mashhad in terms of semantics and identity with the aim of promoting tourism, 127 valuable places with cultural, historical, and religious values were identified, assessed, and analyzed using a Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Therefore, the [...] Read more.

Mashhad is one of the important metropolitans in the northeast of Iran with over 25 million tourists per year. After evaluating the physical space of Mashhad in terms of semantics and identity with the aim of promoting tourism, 127 valuable places with cultural, historical, and religious values were identified, assessed, and analyzed using a Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Therefore, the appropriate distribution of tourist routes for travelers to visit the city of Mashhad was done and 10 corridors and zones were selected. The basis of this choice was the existence of a valuable place at origin and destination of the routes and the existence of appropriate tourism, commercial, welfare and cultural infrastructure and ability to access various uses. Percentage and number of valuable places in each proposed route necessarily meant percentage of the total, excluding repetition in other routes.

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Open Access January 29, 2022

COVID-19 and the Non-Repayment of Agricultural Loans in West Cameroon: A major Challenge for the Small Farmer in an Individual Loan Situation

Yannick Tamo Fogue, Ibrahim Manu

Open Journal of Agricultural Research 2022, 2(1), 1-13. DOI: 10.31586/ojar.2022.181

Abstract This study raises the problem of the non-repayment of agricultural credits by producers who are members of the Community Growth Mutual (MC²), in this period of COVID-19. It questions the economic mores in force in most member countries of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA), where credit has become difficult for small rural farmers; And refers to the [...] Read more.

This study raises the problem of the non-repayment of agricultural credits by producers who are members of the Community Growth Mutual (MC²), in this period of COVID-19. It questions the economic mores in force in most member countries of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA), where credit has become difficult for small rural farmers; And refers to the theory of the vicious circle of poverty, which advocates an indispensable recourse to foreign capital in the event of financial breakdown, as a means of increasing capital. Since the capital of rural producers remains insufficient and their possibility of reinvestment decreases, then becomes zero because of agricultural credit. To understand the factors of the non-repayment of these credits, data were collected from 100 agro-sylvo-pastoral producers of the Bayangam group (West-Cameroon) of both sexes, aged at least 18 years, having obtained an unpaid credit from the MC² since 2019, and a manager of this microfinance institution. After analysis, it appears that beyond overproduction and anti-COVID-19 measures that lead to the missale or fall in prices on the market, the conditions of access to credit, the non-possession of acceptable guarantees, the misuse of the object of credit and the practice of financial cavalry by the borrower, as well as the rigidity of the procedures for prosecuting debtors significantly explain this non-repayment. It is associated with determinants such as age, level of education, marital status, type of agricultural activity of the debtor. Hence the need for flexibility of microfinance institutions vis-à-vis rural agro-sylvo-pastoral producers, who are severely affected by the economic shock of the COVID-19.

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Open Access December 25, 2021

Contributions of Physical Activity in Individuals with a Diagnosis of Depression: A Literature Review

Herick de Paula, Elena Marie Peixoto Ruthes, Lucca Arbigaus Gritten, Antonio Beira de Andrade Junior

Open Journal of Psychology 2021, 1(1), 32-39. DOI: 10.31586/ojp.2021.191

Abstract This study is a literature review with a qualitative approach. It is justified by the significant increase in diseases acquired through lifestyle habits that generate health risks, which impair and are responsible for decreasing longevity and decreasing quality of life, such as hypertension, depression, obesity and respiratory tract diseases. Physical activity is recognized as a protective factor [...] Read more.

This study is a literature review with a qualitative approach. It is justified by the significant increase in diseases acquired through lifestyle habits that generate health risks, which impair and are responsible for decreasing longevity and decreasing quality of life, such as hypertension, depression, obesity and respiratory tract diseases. Physical activity is recognized as a protective factor for health, and its benefits are associated with the reduction of chronic diseases and a decrease in the risk of premature death from diseases related to a sedentary lifestyle. The objective of this research is to search and identify, within the scientific literature, if there are in fact contributions from the practice of physical activity in subjects diagnosed with depression. For the categorization of studies and selection of materials, the following keywords were determined: physical exercise and depression and physical activity and depression. As inclusion criteria for data analysis and interpretation, the following were considered: articles in Portuguese, full texts, published in health journals, between the years 2005 to 2015. As exclusion criteria, we considered articles found by descriptors that did not contain one or more of the inclusion criteria. In this study, articles were selected by searching the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Lilacs. The choice of these databases was prioritized due to the quality and reliability of the materials available, and their easy access. 77 articles were found, of which 4 were selected to be part of this research. It can be noted that physical activity showed positive aspects and possible contributions and can be considered as a bias in an adjunct to conventional pharmacological treatments. The need for further clarification about the disease in relation to psychological, social and physiological issues is also evident, thus opening the possibility for further studies and research on the subject, so that in this way they can guide possible interventions that help in the treatment of the depression.

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Review Article

Open Access December 09, 2021

Rural women's socio-demographic and cultural determinants on contraceptive uptake in The Gambia: community-based cross-sectional study

Amadou Barrow

Current Research in Public Health 2021, 1(1), 23-39. DOI: 10.31586/crph.2021.178

Abstract Background: Family planning is one of the key cornerstones of safe parenthood and a reproductive rights issue. In underdeveloped nations, women experiencing unmet FP needs formed a considerable proportion of all women of reproductive age and are ongoing public health concerns in The Gambia. The study was set out to explore the influence of socio-demographic and cultural factors on [...] Read more.

Background: Family planning is one of the key cornerstones of safe parenthood and a reproductive rights issue. In underdeveloped nations, women experiencing unmet FP needs formed a considerable proportion of all women of reproductive age and are ongoing public health concerns in The Gambia. The study was set out to explore the influence of socio-demographic and cultural factors on contraceptive uptake among rural women in The Gambia. Methods: The study used a community-based cross-sectional analytical design. A multistage sampling strategy, comprising simple random and cluster sampling, was utilized to obtain a sample of 634 childbearing women (15-49 years) from rural Gambia's sampled clusters. Data collection was conducted using pre-tested structured interview questionnaires. The association was examined using chi-square/fisher's exact test with a significance level set at p<0.05. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the effect of socio-demographic and cultural determinants on uptake of contraceptives, with corresponding computed adjusted odds ratios (aOR). IBM SPSS version 25 was used for data entry and analysis. Results: The uptake of contraceptives among the study participants was 30.4%. The total demand for FP was 59.4% while the satisfaction of demand for FP was 57.6%. The significant predictors of FP uptake were the age of women (aOR=1.097, p=0.014), reason for using FP (aOR=1.139, p=0.011), use of contraceptives before (aOR=24.416, p<0.001) and reason for not discussing FP with a partner (aOR=1.787, p=0.029). Conclusion: The study showed low contraceptive uptake among women in rural communities. Thus, spousal communications on FP concerns are key intermediate steps towards eventual acceptance and sustained usage of FP services. The program should focus on improving access to and availability of FP services in rural areas. The program should prioritize addressing women's needs through consistent community-based interventions including targeted home visits.

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Open Access December 09, 2021

The Quasi-paranoid Empathy of Healthcare Staff in a Generalized Covid-phobic Context in West Cameroon's Hospital Institutions

Yannick Tamo Fogué, Célestin Pierre Mboua, Clémence Idriss Konfo Tcholong

Open Journal of Psychology 2021, 1(1), 22-31. DOI: 10.31586/ojp.2021.175

Abstract The present study raises the problem of empathy of caregivers vis-à-vis patients in a covid/post-covid context. It is based on the observation that health workers are increasingly invaded by excessive fear and persistence of COVID-19 contamination. This induces avoidance, a certain suspicion, persecution and indifference/coldness towards patients, and plunges them into a strong insidious emotional [...] Read more.

The present study raises the problem of empathy of caregivers vis-à-vis patients in a covid/post-covid context. It is based on the observation that health workers are increasingly invaded by excessive fear and persistence of COVID-19 contamination. This induces avoidance, a certain suspicion, persecution and indifference/coldness towards patients, and plunges them into a strong insidious emotional deficiency. These attitudes, which are significantly close to paranoid and phobic access, seem to gradually dominate therapeutic interactions within hospitals. Freudian and Rogerian psychoanalysis advocates empathetic/benevolent listening, positive consideration and unconditional acceptance of the patient as ethical and deontological indispensable principles for any therapeutic evolution. Thus, it is predicted that within hospitals, the current non empathetic attitudes of care towards patients have their origin in a generalized covid-phobic atmosphere that develops a quasi-dominant paranoia in caregivers. Using a subscale of caregiver's Covid-phobic quasi-paranoia, and the one of caregiver's empathy in a covid/post-covid context, the data were collected from 126 participants including 55 nursing assistants, 61 state-certified nurses and 10 doctors, chosen at random from the staff of three (03) health facilities in the city of Bafoussam, MIFI department, West Cameroon region, including one (01) public district medical center (CMA) and two (02) private hospitals (clinics). After analysis, the results obtained sufficiently demonstrate that within the health institutions of West Cameroon, the higher the professional level of the caregiver, the more the severity of his quasi-paranoid covid-phobic accesses is significant, and the less he expresses an authentic empathy towards the patients who arrive at the hospital. This implies that in this period of health crisis, caregivers must reinvest in a real function of providers of affectivity and relay of empathy at the bedside of the patient both in hospital and outpatient. Thus, a real systematical vaccination operation may insure their total immunity and better reduce their quasi-paranoid empathy in this generalized Covid-phobic context.

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Open Access September 02, 2021

Criminal Legislative Policy in the Protection of Water Resources with Regard to International Treaties: A case for Iranian Legal System

Nima Norouzi, Muhammad Sheikhi, Heshmat-Ullah khanmohammadi, Mahmood Jafari, Soheila Kalantari, Soheila Vaziri Narani, Ali Shaebani

Universal Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2021, 1(1), 67-79. DOI: 10.31586/ujssh.2021.100

Abstract Human life and survival on Earth depend on the exploitation of diverse resources, including water. Improper use of environmental resources will lead to pollution and destruction. As one of the most sensitive areas of the environment to which human life depends, water is exposed to a variety of environmental pollutants. The protection of the health of water resources has created the need for [...] Read more.

Human life and survival on Earth depend on the exploitation of diverse resources, including water. Improper use of environmental resources will lead to pollution and destruction. As one of the most sensitive areas of the environment to which human life depends, water is exposed to a variety of environmental pollutants. The protection of the health of water resources has created the need for intervention and the use of legal and criminal solutions in organizing their use. Domestic penal policy in the field of legislation, inspired by the provisions of Sharia law, along with local and national considerations for the protection of water resources, has directly and indirectly affected the requirements of accession to international instruments and has enacted regulations on the protection of small water resources.

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Open Access September 02, 2021

Effective Teaching of Social Studies Concepts in Basic Schools in Ghana

Anthony Bordoh, Francis Nyantakyi, Alexander Kingsford Otoo, Abena Boakyewa, Philip Owusu-Ansah Isaac Eshun

Universal Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2021, 1(1), 46-53. DOI: 10.31586/ujssh.2021.095

Abstract The study focused Effective teaching of Social Studies Concepts in Basic Schools in Ghana. The study adopted the descriptive survey design using quantitative approach. The population for the study consisted of all Social Studies teachers in the Junior High Schools (JHS) in the Tano South District. There were fifty-two Social Studies teachers at the JHS level in the district. Non-probability [...] Read more.

The study focused Effective teaching of Social Studies Concepts in Basic Schools in Ghana. The study adopted the descriptive survey design using quantitative approach. The population for the study consisted of all Social Studies teachers in the Junior High Schools (JHS) in the Tano South District. There were fifty-two Social Studies teachers at the JHS level in the district. Non-probability sampling technique (purposive and convenient sampling techniques) was used for the study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select all the fifty-two teachers and forty-one schools in the Tano South District. While the district was conveniently sampled for this study. The main instrument used to gather data was observation guide. The data gathered was analysed using the Statistical Product using Service Solutions (SPSS). The study concluded that, in respect to the teaching effectiveness of Social Studies teachers, the general performance in all the thematic areas assessed indicate that, Social Studies teachers are not at their optimum best in terms of planning and preparation, instructional skills, classroom management, communication skills and assessment skills. It is therefore recommended that, the Ministry of Education through the Ghana Education Service (GES) in collaboration with all the teacher training institutions training Social Studies teachers should fashion out teacher development programmes such as workshops and short courses for Social Studies teachers. In these programmes, the organisers must ensure that teachers have access to high quality content course work in Social Studies.

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Article

Open Access August 25, 2021

Information Literacy, an Investigation into Students’ Access and Use of Information in an Academic Institution in Ghana

Franklina Adjoa Yebowaah, Simon Sanche

Open Journal of Educational Research 2021, 1(1), 1-23. DOI: 10.31586/ojer.2021.109

Abstract In modern times, a lot of light has been thrown on Information literacy by empirical studies due to its significant role in facilitating access to information and use as well as lifetime learning. It is one of the main factors responsible for the information explosion and a key determining factor for students’ success in academics. The study gauged students’ attitudes on the IL programmes of the [...] Read more.

In modern times, a lot of light has been thrown on Information literacy by empirical studies due to its significant role in facilitating access to information and use as well as lifetime learning. It is one of the main factors responsible for the information explosion and a key determining factor for students’ success in academics. The study gauged students’ attitudes on the IL programmes of the University for Development Studies (UDS) using both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The study discovered that students did not consider the library as a source of academic knowledge and information since their frequency of visiting was low. The study also showed that 43.1% of the respondents go to the library at least once a week while the majority (56.9%) of the respondents either visited the library once a month or not at all. Early Childhood and Basic Education, Development Education, Social Change Communication and Renewable Natural Resources, are the courses pursued by those who utilized the library every day. Alternatively, no student pursuing B. Ed Business Studies made use of the library daily and 48.6% of them did not enter the library at all. The majority (58%) of the respondents had not been oriented on the use of the library. It was realized that 49.8% were knowledgeable of the fact that electronic resources are available in the library. The remaining (50.2%) did not have any knowledge of electronic resources in the library and were unlikely to make use of them. The utilization of electronic resources also varied according to programmes of study. Students who had comparatively higher access to such resources were pursuing Early Childhood and Basic Education. The study also realized that students’ interest in participating in Information Literacy programmes in the university increased and this increased the quality of their information literacy skills. With their awareness and know-how in information literacy, they can use the internet to retrieve the necessary information for academic work. The study makes some recommendations, Principals and Deans should coordinate to organize more Information Literacy Programmes, increased staff participation in the teaching of the IL Programmes and lastly, implementation of Academic Board pronouncements on the IL Programme. This will go a long way to improve access and enhance the use of information in the university.

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Article

Open Access August 12, 2021

Responding to the Call through Translating Science into Impact: Building an Evidence-Based Approaches to Effectively Curb Public Health Emergencies [Covid-19 Crisis]

Olalekan Morufu Raimi, Kalada Godson Mcfubara, Oyeyemi Sunday Abisoye, Clinton Ifeanyichukwu Ezekwe, Olawale Henry Sawyerr, Gift Aziba-anyam Raimi

Global Journal of Epidemiology and Infectious Disease 2021, 1(1), 12-45. DOI: 10.31586/gjeid.2021.010102

Abstract COVID-19 demonstrated a global catastrophe that touched everybody, including the scientific community. As we respond and recover rapidly from this pandemic, there is an opportunity to guarantee that the fabric of our society includes sustainability, fairness, and care. However, approaches to environmental health attempt to decrease the populations burden of COVID-19, toward saving patients from [...] Read more.

COVID-19 demonstrated a global catastrophe that touched everybody, including the scientific community. As we respond and recover rapidly from this pandemic, there is an opportunity to guarantee that the fabric of our society includes sustainability, fairness, and care. However, approaches to environmental health attempt to decrease the populations burden of COVID-19, toward saving patients from becoming ill along with preserving the allocation of clinical resources and public safety standards. This paper explores environmental and public health evidence-based practices toward responding to Covid-19. A literature review tried to do a deep dive through the use of various search engines such as Mendeley, Research Gate, CAB Abstract, Google Scholar, Summon, PubMed, Scopus, Hinari, Dimension, OARE Abstract, SSRN, Academia search strategy toward retrieving research publications, “grey literature” as well as reports from expert working groups. To achieve enhanced population health, it is recommended to adopt widespread evidence-based strategies, particularly in this uncertain time. As only together can evidence-informed decision-making (EIDM) can become a reality which include effective policies and practices, transparency and accountability of decisions, and equity outcomes; these are all more relevant in resource-constrained contexts, such as Nigeria. Effective and ethical EIDM though requires the production as well as use of high-quality evidence that are timely, appropriate and structured. One way to do so is through co-production. Co-production (or co-creation or co-design) of environmental/public health evidence considered as a key tool for addressing complex global crises such as the high risk of severe COVID-19 in different nations. A significant evidence-based component of environmental/public health (EBEPH) consist of decisions making based on best accessible, evidence that is peer-reviewed; using data as well as systematic information systems; community engagement in policy making; conducting sound evaluation; do a thorough program-planning frameworks; as well as disseminating what is being learned. As researchers, scientists, statisticians, journal editors, practitioners, as well as decision makers strive to improve population health, having a natural tendency toward scrutinizing the scientific literature aimed at novel research findings serving as the foundation for intervention as well as prevention programs. The main inspiration behind conducting research ought to be toward stimulating and collaborating appropriately on public/environmental health action. Hence, there is need for a “Plan B” of effective behavioural, environmental, social as well as systems interventions (BESSI) toward reducing transmission.

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Review Article

Open Access November 02, 2023

Revealing Complexity: Confronting Challenges in the Pharmaceutical API Supply Chain

Manas Gorani

Universal Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2023, 2(1), 54-59. DOI: 10.31586/ujpp.2023.1193

Abstract The pharmaceutical industry relies extensively on Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) as essential components in the production of drugs. The supply chain supporting these APIs is complex, encompassing multiple stages from raw material sourcing to distribution to pharmaceutical manufacturers worldwide. This manuscript explores the intricate challenges encountered within the pharmaceutical API [...] Read more.

The pharmaceutical industry relies extensively on Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) as essential components in the production of drugs. The supply chain supporting these APIs is complex, encompassing multiple stages from raw material sourcing to distribution to pharmaceutical manufacturers worldwide. This manuscript explores the intricate challenges encountered within the pharmaceutical API supply chain, focusing on regulatory compliance, quality control, supply chain disruptions, and global dependencies. Regulatory compliance poses a significant hurdle, with varying standards across regions necessitating meticulous adherence to ensure market access and product safety. Quality control and assurance are paramount to maintaining consistency and purity in APIs, yet they present ongoing challenges such as batch variability and contamination risks. Supply chain disruptions, ranging from natural disasters to geopolitical tensions, highlight vulnerabilities in global sourcing strategies, underscoring the need for resilient supply chain management practices. Global dependencies on a limited number of suppliers or regions expose the industry to supply shortages and pricing pressures, exacerbated by geopolitical events and trade policies. These dependencies necessitate strategic diversification and risk mitigation efforts to ensure continuity in API availability and affordability. By addressing these challenges collaboratively, stakeholders can enhance the resilience and reliability of the pharmaceutical API supply chain, thereby ensuring uninterrupted access to essential medications and improving global healthcare outcomes.

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Review Article

Open Access February 22, 2023

Navigating the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain: Key Strategies for Balancing Demand and Supply

Manas Gorani

Global Journal of Medical Case Reports 2023, 3(1), 1-6. DOI: 10.31586/gjmcr.2023.1210

Abstract The pharmaceutical industry is fundamental to global healthcare, providing essential medicines that improve health outcomes and quality of life. However, the demand and supply dynamics within this sector are highly complex, shaped by various factors including demographic changes, evolving disease burdens, technological advancements, regulatory challenges, and economic pressures. This manuscript [...] Read more.

The pharmaceutical industry is fundamental to global healthcare, providing essential medicines that improve health outcomes and quality of life. However, the demand and supply dynamics within this sector are highly complex, shaped by various factors including demographic changes, evolving disease burdens, technological advancements, regulatory challenges, and economic pressures. This manuscript explores the intricate relationship between pharmaceutical medicine demand and supply, focusing on key strategies that can help companies effectively navigate these challenges. The demand for pharmaceutical products is driven by several factors, such as population growth, the aging population, the rise of chronic diseases, and the emergence of new health threats. Additionally, healthcare accessibility, affordability, and policy changes significantly impact the consumption of medicines, while innovations in medical technologies and therapies create new treatment needs. On the supply side, pharmaceutical companies face challenges related to manufacturing capacity, raw material availability, distribution logistics, and compliance with ever-evolving global regulatory frameworks. To address these challenges, the manuscript discusses strategic approaches to managing both demand and supply in the pharmaceutical sector. Key strategies include advanced demand forecasting through data analytics, optimizing supply chains for efficiency and resilience, implementing just-in-time inventory models, and investing in flexible manufacturing systems. Furthermore, global collaboration and partnerships, as well as effective risk management practices, are highlighted as essential to ensuring the availability of medicines, particularly in times of crisis or global health emergencies. This manuscript also delves into the role of policy advocacy and regulatory harmonization in stabilizing the pharmaceutical market, ensuring that medicines are accessible to all populations. In conclusion, the pharmaceutical industry must continually adapt to meet the evolving challenges of demand and supply, embracing innovation and collaboration while maintaining a focus on patient access and global healthcare equity. Through strategic planning and adaptive solutions, the pharmaceutical sector can ensure the continuous availability of critical medicines worldwide, meeting both current and future health needs.

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Case Report

Open Access December 27, 2023

Leveraging Machine Learning Techniques for Predictive Analysis in Merger and Acquisition (M&A)

KishanKumar Routhu, Vasu Velaga, Chethan Sriharsha Moore, Suneel Babu Boppana, Purna Chandra Rao Chinta, Krishna Madhav Jha

Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data 2023, 3(1), 56-71. DOI: 10.31586/jaibd.2023.1215

Abstract M&A is a strategic concept of business growth through consolidation, gaining market access, increasing strategic positions, and increasing operational efficiency. To understand the dynamics of M&A, this paper looks at aspects such as targeted firm identification, evaluation, bidding for the target firm, and post-acquisition integration. All forms of M&A, including horizontal, [...] Read more.

M&A is a strategic concept of business growth through consolidation, gaining market access, increasing strategic positions, and increasing operational efficiency. To understand the dynamics of M&A, this paper looks at aspects such as targeted firm identification, evaluation, bidding for the target firm, and post-acquisition integration. All forms of M&A, including horizontal, vertical, conglomerate, and acquisitions, are discussed in terms of goals and values, including synergy, cost reduction, competitive advantages, and access to better technology. However, issues such as cultural assimilation, adhesion to regulations, and calculating an inaccurate value are also resolved. The paper then goes deeper to provide insight into how predictive analytics applies to M&A, using ML to improve decision-making with forecasting benefits. Including healthcare, education, and construction industries, the presented predictive models using regression analysis, neural networks, and ensemble techniques help to make decisions. Through time series and real-time data, PDA enables sound M&A strategies, effective risk management and smooth integration.

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Review Article

Open Access December 27, 2019

Revolutionizing Patient Care and Digital Infrastructure: Integrating Cloud Computing and Advanced Data Engineering for Industry Innovation

Tulasi Naga Subhash Polineni, Venkata Krishna Azith Teja Ganti

World Journal of Clinical Medicine Research 2019, 1(1), 1-16. DOI: 10.31586/wjcmr.2019.1252

Abstract This work details how the integration of cloud computing and advanced data engineering can innovate and reshape patient care and digital infrastructure. In the healthcare sector, cloud services offer the necessary support to generate digitally-oriented services and service kits. These services can contain high levels of availability, low levels of latency, and on-demand scaling capabilities, while [...] Read more.

This work details how the integration of cloud computing and advanced data engineering can innovate and reshape patient care and digital infrastructure. In the healthcare sector, cloud services offer the necessary support to generate digitally-oriented services and service kits. These services can contain high levels of availability, low levels of latency, and on-demand scaling capabilities, while following the strictest data protection laws and regulations. On the other hand, these services can be combined with data engineering techniques to construct an ecosystem that enhances and adds an optimized data layer on any cloud environment. This ecosystem includes technologies to acquire, process, and manage healthcare data while respecting all regulatory obligations and institutions and can be part of a comprehensive digitalization strategy. The objective is to augment the healthcare services that the industry offers by leveraging healthcare data and AI technologies. Designed services, processes, and technologies can be described either as industry-agnostic services or healthcare-specific services that process and manage electronic healthcare records (EHR). Industry-agnostic services offer a set of tools and methodologies to conduct optimized data experiments. The goal is to exploit any variety, velocity, volume, and veracity of medical data. Healthcare-specific services offer a set of tools and methodologies to connect to any common EHR vendor in a privacy-preserving manner. Participating companies are thus able to hold, share, and make use of healthcare data in real-time. The proposed architecture can be transformative for the healthcare industry, opening up and facilitating experimentation on new and scalable service models. The transition to a more digital health approach would help overcome the limits encountered in traditional settings. Limitations in the availability of healthcare facilities and healthcare professionals have underpinned the increasing share of telemedicine in the care process. However, the record-keeping of the patients that undergo care outside of traditional healthcare facilities is often missing and can severely influence the continuity of treatment. Identifying new methods to implement disease prevention and early intervention processes is crucial to avoid more extensive treatment and to support those on multiple line therapies. For chronic patients, having a service available that monitors the state of health and intervenes when parameters go off the wanted range is crucial. However, the same patients are the most under the influence of the decision of care providers; a second opinion might be given remotely which the patient can access at any time on-demand. To address these different kinds of services, an ecosystem composed of a dictionary's worth data layer is outlined, able to live and operate seamlessly in any cloud environment. This future work's envisioned outcome is the rapid evolution and re-definition of the European healthcare landscape.

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Review Article

Open Access December 27, 2021

Innovative Financial Technologies: Strengthening Compliance, Secure Transactions, and Intelligent Advisory Systems Through AI-Driven Automation and Scalable Data Architectures

Jeevani Singireddy, Abhishek Dodda, Jai Kiran Reddy Burugulla, Srinivasarao Paleti, Kishore Challa

Universal Journal of Finance and Economics 2021, 1(1), 123-143. DOI: 10.31586/ujfe.2021.1298

Abstract Through a digitally connected ecosystem, the innovative realm of fintech significantly enhances human capabilities across various dimensions. AI-based fintech solutions are increasingly proving to be invaluable by providing effective enforcement of regulations that ensure compliance and protect stakeholders involved. Numerous expert investigations conducted in the arena of high-technology [...] Read more.

Through a digitally connected ecosystem, the innovative realm of fintech significantly enhances human capabilities across various dimensions. AI-based fintech solutions are increasingly proving to be invaluable by providing effective enforcement of regulations that ensure compliance and protect stakeholders involved. Numerous expert investigations conducted in the arena of high-technology litigation have reinforced both the pressing need and the immense value of enforced compliance in today's fast-paced digital landscape. Open banking APIs have boldly pioneered this critical regulatory enforcement role, allowing broader access and improved services for consumers. Predictive AI certainty, facilitated through sophisticated validation systems, represented a fundamental evolution in their rule-based legal formulations that govern many aspects of financial transactions. These advanced products were deployed within global legislative codes, allowing for standardized practices, and consequently, all market sectors quickly adopted them to ensure they remain competitive and compliant. During the latest of these professionals' encouraging comments, it became clear that awareness of the inception of these groundbreaking innovations must be convened into a steadfast commitment to continue launching natural language processing products that can refine consumer interaction. Since this pivotal point, the increasing dependency of the financial expert community on these incisive factors underscores the paramount importance they now hold for their clients and end users alike, shaping the future of finance in profound ways [1].

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Review Article

Open Access December 27, 2019

Transforming the Retail Landscape: Srinivas’s Vision for Integrating Advanced Technologies in Supply Chain Efficiency and Customer Experience

Srinivas Kalisetty, Venkata Krishna Azith Teja Ganti

Online Journal of Materials Science 2019, 1(1), 1-16. DOI: 10.31586/materials.2019.1254

Abstract Technological advances have had a transformative impact on the retail landscape. Challenges arise with guaranteeing technological changes lead to, rather than detract from, increased efficiency and positive experiences. First, integrating technology into the supply chain in an aggressive way is costly. It requires vast changes to existing systems and developments of cross-industry communication [...] Read more.

Technological advances have had a transformative impact on the retail landscape. Challenges arise with guaranteeing technological changes lead to, rather than detract from, increased efficiency and positive experiences. First, integrating technology into the supply chain in an aggressive way is costly. It requires vast changes to existing systems and developments of cross-industry communication protocols. Secondly, the public is often quick to reject technological changes or slow to become users. Finally, ensuring that technological advancements do not only benefit the top few retailers and are accessible to those of any size poses a challenge, as has been seen in the fate of only a handful of radical changes in retail technology. On the other hand, an integral aspect of technology, particularly that used for big data collection and processing, is that it can account for these and other variables. It can predict the success of ventures into modernizing or developing new systems and can identify more effective and efficient ways to do so. Of course, the concerns of job loss or technological monopoly still loom. But, it would seem, the continued advancement of technology in the retail landscape is inevitable.

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Review Article

Open Access December 27, 2022

Advance of AI-Based Predictive Models for Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in Healthcare

Sri Krishna Kireeti Nandiraju, Sandeep Kumar Chundru, Srikanth Reddy Vangala, Ram Mohan Polam, Bhavana Kamarthapu, Ajay Babu Kakani

Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data 2022, 2(1), 141-152. DOI: 10.31586/jaibd.2022.1340

Abstract The effects on the elderly are disproportionately Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent and chronic types of dementia. Alzheimer's disease (AD), a fatal illness that can harm brain structures and cells long before symptoms appear, is currently incurable and incurable. Using brain MRI pictures from a publicly accessible Kaggle dataset, this study suggests a prediction model based [...] Read more.

The effects on the elderly are disproportionately Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent and chronic types of dementia. Alzheimer's disease (AD), a fatal illness that can harm brain structures and cells long before symptoms appear, is currently incurable and incurable. Using brain MRI pictures from a publicly accessible Kaggle dataset, this study suggests a prediction model based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to help with the early detection of Alzheimer's disease. Four levels of dementia have been applied to the 6,400 photos in the collection: not demented, slightly demented, moderately demented, and considerably mildly demented. Pixel normalization, class balancing utilizing data augmentation techniques, and picture scaling to 128×128 pixels were all part of a thorough workflow for data preparation. To improve the gathering of spatial dependence in volumetric MRI data, a 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture was used. We used important performance measures including F1-score, recall, accuracy, precision, and log loss to gauge the model's effectiveness. A review of the available data indicates that the total F1-score, accuracy, recall, and precision were 99.0%, 99.0%, and 99.38%, respectively. The findings demonstrate the model's potential for practical use in early AD diagnosis and establish its robustness with the help of confusion matrix analysis and performance curves.

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Article

Open Access December 26, 2021

Architectural Frameworks for Large-Scale Electronic Health Record Data Platforms

Sasi Kumar Kolla

Current Research in Public Health 2021, 1(1), 1-19. DOI: 10.31586/crph.2021.1372

Abstract Architectural frameworks for large-scale Electronic Health Record (EHR) data platforms are described. Existing EHR data platform architectures often leverage multiple cloud-based solutions blended with institutional infrastructures to manage and analyze clinical data at scale. Key design principles governing the scale of existing EHR data architecture include model design, governance structure, [...] Read more.

Architectural frameworks for large-scale Electronic Health Record (EHR) data platforms are described. Existing EHR data platform architectures often leverage multiple cloud-based solutions blended with institutional infrastructures to manage and analyze clinical data at scale. Key design principles governing the scale of existing EHR data architecture include model design, governance structure, data access management, data security/policy/protection, data-information-language-based standardization, and analytics tool alignment, among others. The rapidly evolving technology landscape and the unprecedented volume of incident and retrospective clinical data being collected and generated within healthcare organizations have led to the emergent need for a dedicated architectural framework to support large-scale computing in the health informatics domain. The application areas of large-scale computing in health informatics include real-time predictive analytics, risk stratification, patient cohort analytics, development of predictive models for specific institutions or population groups, and many more. The use of EHR data for a multitude of decision-making processes in both clinical and non-clinical settings has prompted the establishment of policies prescribing the conditions of access and use of EHR data for non-employed individuals in the organization. Consequently, the demand for accessing, using, and managing EHR data at scale has impacted the over.

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Review Article

Open Access December 18, 2023

Leveraging AI, ML, and Generative Neural Models to Bridge Gaps in Genetic Therapy Access and Real-Time Resource Allocation

Chaitran Chakilam

Global Journal of Medical Case Reports 2023, 3(1), 27-43. DOI: 10.31586/gjmcr.2023.1289

Abstract This paper leverages gene and cell therapy research in diverse disorders ranging from monogenic to infectious diseases to cancer and emerging breakthroughs, where one can harness individual genes or a synthetic gene sequence designed based on a shared molecular pattern in infected cells to better fight various disorders [1]. A pivotal task is to predict the performances of candidate gene therapies [...] Read more.

This paper leverages gene and cell therapy research in diverse disorders ranging from monogenic to infectious diseases to cancer and emerging breakthroughs, where one can harness individual genes or a synthetic gene sequence designed based on a shared molecular pattern in infected cells to better fight various disorders [1]. A pivotal task is to predict the performances of candidate gene therapies to guide clinical translational research using methods such as retrospective bioinformatic analyses. Implementing them to a large-scale gene therapy database reveals that it is feasible to construct and apply well-performing interpretable, supervised learning models [2]. Preliminary evidence of machine learning approaches' statistical significance helps clinicians and biomedical researchers, market participants, and regulatory and economic experts derive relevant, practical applications, thereby enhancing the deployment of gene therapy and genomics to achieve positive, long-term growth for humanity while alleviating the ongoing worldwide economic burden precipitated by prolonged and recurring diseases. Deploying machine learning techniques to accelerate gene and cell therapy drug development and trials shall also mitigate the existing obstacle of limited patient access to emerging, transformative medical innovations such as gene therapy due to skyrocketing prices, which often herald gene therapy products as the world's most expensive medicines [3]. Moreover, in preventing patients from accessing effective, life-saving genetic medicines, there commonly exists a multidimensional access gap encompassing the availability, affordability, and quality or acceptability of these clinical treatments. The ensuing substantial gap has repeatedly been documented and mainly emanates from differential institutional and socio-political choices around resource allocation at international and domestic levels [4]. Particularly, it is also due to the stringent licensure and regulatory approval processes underpinned by insufficient evidence for novel safety and clinical efficacy profiles for genetic therapies in multiple micro-local diagnoses and subpopulations. We believe that a higher likelihood of gene therapy adoption shall result when the clinical evidence path contains adequate representation from the most diverse and relevant patient populations [5].

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