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Open Access February 06, 2026

Predictive Modeling of Public Sentiment Using Social Media Data and Natural Language Processing Techniques

Lawrence A. Farinola, Jean-Eudes Assogba

Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data 2026, 6(1), 1-12. DOI: 10.31586/jaibd.2026.6162

Abstract Social media platforms like X (formerly Twitter) generate vast volumes of user-generated content that provide real-time insights into public sentiment. Despite the widespread use of traditional machine learning methods, their limitations in capturing contextual nuances in noisy social media text remain a challenge. This study leverages the Sentiment140 dataset, comprising 1.6 million labeled [...] Read more.

Social media platforms like X (formerly Twitter) generate vast volumes of user-generated content that provide real-time insights into public sentiment. Despite the widespread use of traditional machine learning methods, their limitations in capturing contextual nuances in noisy social media text remain a challenge. This study leverages the Sentiment140 dataset, comprising 1.6 million labeled tweets, and develops predictive models for binary sentiment classification using Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, and the transformer-based BERT model. Experiments were conducted on a balanced subset of 12,000 tweets after comprehensive NLP preprocessing. Evaluation using accuracy, F1-score, and confusion matrices revealed that BERT significantly outperforms traditional models, achieving an accuracy of 89.5% and an F1-score of 0.89 by effectively modeling contextual and semantic nuances. In contrast, Naive Bayes and Logistic Regression demonstrated reasonable but consistently lower performance. To support practical deployment, we introduce SentiFeel, an interactive tool enabling real-time sentiment analysis. While resource constraints limited the dataset size and training epochs, future work will explore full corpus utilization and the inclusion of neutral sentiment classes. These findings underscore the potential of transformer models for enhanced public opinion monitoring, marketing analytics, and policy forecasting.

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Open Access April 10, 2025

Assessment of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Sokoine University Students Regarding Endocrine Disruptors Coming from Plastic Chemicals

Athuman Rashid Said, Frida Richard Mgonja

Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences 2025, 5(1), 58-66. DOI: 10.31586/jbls.2025.1274

Abstract Objective: The knowledge, attitudes, and practices of SUA students about the use of plastics containing endocrine disruptors were investigated in this study. Methodology: A study with 150 participants was conducted to assess individuals' knowledge about endocrine disruptors, attitudes, and plastic use practices. Results: The findings indicate that the participants possessed an [...] Read more.

Objective: The knowledge, attitudes, and practices of SUA students about the use of plastics containing endocrine disruptors were investigated in this study. Methodology: A study with 150 participants was conducted to assess individuals' knowledge about endocrine disruptors, attitudes, and plastic use practices. Results: The findings indicate that the participants possessed an average degree of knowledge 50.2 ± 3.85 with the main emphasis of awareness being generic concepts rather than specific substances. Regarding the potential health impacts of endocrine-disrupting chemicals present in plastics, respondents' attitudes ranged from fair to positive, with a mean score of 3.5 ±0.09 indicating a fair attitude overall. Conclusion: It is important to practice polite behavior and increase public awareness of safe plastic disposal methods. Surprising only 38.0% of the participants mentioned that they refrain from heating their food in plastic containers to reduce their exposure to plastics. Students' practices revealed a notable dependence on plastic products despite their awareness of the concerns surrounding endocrine disruptors, as most of them reported using plastic water bottles, plastic cups, and plastic bags almost always. Additionally, only 20.7% of the respondents consistently implemented strategies to prevent exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Recommendation: The study recommended increasing the use of cleaner plastic substitutes and improving educational programs to convert information into practical actions. Policies that encourage environmentally friendly behavior and raise public awareness of safe plastic disposal techniques should be put into practice.

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Open Access March 05, 2024

Culture Shock in Nursing: A Concept Analysis

Mary Miliza Dagus, Vanessa Lacambra, Judith Magalona, Janette Mindanao, Roison Andro Narvaez, Myra Katrina Paredes

World Journal of Nursing Research 2024, 3(1), 1-35. DOI: 10.31586/wjnr.2024.898

Abstract 1) Background: Culture shock is a common experience by internationally educated nurses (IENs) working in foreign countries, characterized by disorientation and discomfort due to distinct norms, values, and rituals. 2) Aim: this study explores culture shock in IENs and explores mitigation techniques to enhance understanding of challenges faced in foreign cultural contexts. [...] Read more.

1) Background: Culture shock is a common experience by internationally educated nurses (IENs) working in foreign countries, characterized by disorientation and discomfort due to distinct norms, values, and rituals. 2) Aim: this study explores culture shock in IENs and explores mitigation techniques to enhance understanding of challenges faced in foreign cultural contexts. 3) Method: Using Concept Analysis by Walker and Avant (2019). 4) Results: A total of 20 articles were reviewed. Four major attributes were identified: psychological and emotional impact, communication barriers, acculturation and quality of life, and organizational challenges. 5) Conclusion: This paper explores the challenges faced by nurses from foreign countries due to cultural adjustment and proposes solutions to minimize its effects. It is beneficial for nurses, healthcare organizations, and policymakers, aiming to improve patient care and health outcomes. 6) Implication for Practice: Addressing culture shock can promote a smooth transition, enhance nurses' experience, and improve their cultural competence. Providing tailored orientation and mentorship programs can help IENs feel supported and empowered, leading to increased job satisfaction, retention rates, and better patient outcomes.

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Open Access December 19, 2023

Conservation of Cuabal from Community Environmental Education: Results of an Implemented Proposal

Yaima Mederos Jiménez, Georgina del Pilar Castro Acevedo, Anaiky Yanelín Borges Machín

Research Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences 2023, 3(2), 36-69. DOI: 10.31586/rjees.2023.728

Abstract The spiny xeromorphic shrublands on serpentine (cuabales) constitute outstanding plant formations for the conservation of Cuban biodiversity, due to their floristic richness, high number of endemic species and local endemism, as well as their economic, social, cultural value and functions environmental. In the Callejón de Los Patos of Santa Clara, there are relicts of cuabal, although they show a [...] Read more.

The spiny xeromorphic shrublands on serpentine (cuabales) constitute outstanding plant formations for the conservation of Cuban biodiversity, due to their floristic richness, high number of endemic species and local endemism, as well as their economic, social, cultural value and functions environmental. In the Callejón de Los Patos of Santa Clara, there are relicts of cuabal, although they show a high level of deterioration due to human activity. This article presents the main results of an investigation, which focused on implementing actions for the development of Community Environmental Education, with emphasis on the conservation of cuabal, in Callejón de Los Patos. For the intervention process, the Community Self-Development Methodology was used, which is qualitative par excellence, and the investigative methods: document analysis, participant observation, in-depth, group and structured interviews, drawing directed, the reflective group, techniques group and triangulation of data. The main results of the research are: the diagnosis and implementation of actions, designed from the process of Community Environmental Education, which was developed at the Carlos Manuel de Céspedes National Rural School, of said settlement. During the intervention process, the development of cognitive, procedural and attitudinal knowledge for the conservation of cuabal was verified in the schoolchildren, contributing to the strengthening of the school as the most important cultural center of the community, as aspired in the Cuban National Education System.

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Open Access November 01, 2023

Individual Wave Component Signal Modeling, Parameters Extraction, and Analysis

Webert Montlouis

Universal Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2023, 1(1), 26-39. DOI: 10.31586/ujgh.2023.737

Abstract The accurate estimation of Individual Wave Components (IWC) is crucial for automated diagnosis of the human digestive system in a clinical setting. However, this process can be challenging due to signal contamination by other signal sources in the body, such as the lungs and heart, as well as environmental noise. To address this issue, various denoising techniques are commonly employed in bowel [...] Read more.

The accurate estimation of Individual Wave Components (IWC) is crucial for automated diagnosis of the human digestive system in a clinical setting. However, this process can be challenging due to signal contamination by other signal sources in the body, such as the lungs and heart, as well as environmental noise. To address this issue, various denoising techniques are commonly employed in bowel sound signal processing. While denoising is important, it can increase computational complexity, making it challenging for portable devices. Therefore, signal processing algorithms often require a trade-off between fidelity and computational complexity. This study aims to evaluate an IWC parameter extraction algorithm that was previously developed and reconstruct the IWC without denoising using synthetic and clinical data. To that end, the role of a reliable model in creating synthetic data is paramount. The rigorous testing of the algorithm is limited by the availability of quality and quantity recorded data. To overcome this challenge, a mathematical model has been proposed to generate synthetic bowel sound data that can be used to test new algorithms. The proposed algorithm’s robust performance is evaluated using both synthetic and clinically recorded data. We perform time-frequency analysis of original and reconstructed bowel sound signals in various digestive system states and characterize the performance using Monte Carlo simulation when denoising is not applied. Overall, our study presents a promising algorithm for accurate IWC estimation that can be useful for predicting anomalies in the digestive system.

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Open Access April 28, 2023

Evaluation of the Incidences of Risk Occurrence and Severity in PPP-Procured Mass Housing Projects (PPP-MHPs) in Abuja, Nigeria

Arijeloye Bamidele Temitope, Oke Ayodeji Emmanuel, Aje Isaac Olaniyi

World Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2023, 2(1), 86-98. DOI: 10.31586/wjcea.2023.608

Abstract Risks in Public Private Procurement mass housing project (PPP-MHP) initiatives are emerging and this requires early risk identification and allocation to achieve the goal and sustenance of the scheme. The study, being a follow-up of a Delphi survey, elicits the opinion of respondents on the probability of occurrence and severity of identified risks in PPP-MHPs in Nigeria. The study adopts a [...] Read more.

Risks in Public Private Procurement mass housing project (PPP-MHP) initiatives are emerging and this requires early risk identification and allocation to achieve the goal and sustenance of the scheme. The study, being a follow-up of a Delphi survey, elicits the opinion of respondents on the probability of occurrence and severity of identified risks in PPP-MHPs in Nigeria. The study adopts a quantitative research design approach by administering structure questionnaire survey on identified PPP-MHPs partners in Abuja, Nigeria. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools such as Mean item score (MIS), standard deviation, and Kruskal Wallis analytical techniques with the aid of SPSS software packages. The findings show that all the listed risk factors were found to be extremely high, very high, high, or moderate in terms of occurrence while all the listed risk factors recorded a very high level of severity on the delivery of PPP-MHPs. The top ten (10) risk factors frequently associated with PPP-MHPs are non-availability of finance, high finance cost, non-involvement of the host community, poor execution of housing policies, corruption and lack of respect for law, wrong perception of housing need by low-income earners, Illegal title to land, land acquisition and site availability, level of demand for the mass housing projects and unstable value of local currency. The respondents differs significantly on 29 risk factors in terms of occurrence and 40 risk factors in term of severity. The study, therefore, recommends that risk management culture should be highly encouraged among the PPP Partners in the sector. The study intends to enumerate the rate of occurrence of some itemized risk factors and their severities on the delivery of PPP – procured mass housing projects in Nigeria and the need to bookmark these risk factors in ensuring the sustainability of the PPP mass housing scheme.

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Open Access April 27, 2023

Adolescent Students’ Knowledge of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Eastern Region Schools for the Deaf, Ghana

Frank Wisdom Kwasi Kloh, Emmanuel Djan, Felix Kudzo Mawuena, Frank Acheampong

Universal Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2023, 3(1), 11-22. DOI: 10.31586/ujssh.2023.679

Abstract This study investigated adolescent students‟ knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in eastern region schools for the deaf in Ghana. A descriptive survey design was used for the study. The researchers used HIV- The knowledge Questionnaire to assess the knowledge of respondents on STIs. Stratified sampling and simple random sampling techniques were employed. Proportional representation [...] Read more.

This study investigated adolescent students‟ knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in eastern region schools for the deaf in Ghana. A descriptive survey design was used for the study. The researchers used HIV- The knowledge Questionnaire to assess the knowledge of respondents on STIs. Stratified sampling and simple random sampling techniques were employed. Proportional representation was used to select a sample of ninety-five (95) adolescent students with deafness from JHS2 and JHS3 between the ages of 13 and 24 years. Data were analyzed descriptively into frequencies and percentages. The results of the study indicated that the students knew of some of the types of STIs such as Gonorrhea, Syphilis, and HIV/AIDS. They, however, had inadequate knowledge of STIs such as Hepatitis B and Chlamydia.

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Open Access February 04, 2023

A framework for evaluation of improvement opportunities for environmental impacts on construction works using life cycle assessment and value stream mapping concepts: offsite and onsite building construction

Adekunle Mofolasayo

World Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2023, 2(1), 32-57. DOI: 10.31586/wjcea.2023.562

Abstract There have been various concerns about the environmental impact of construction works. This generates a need to take a more proactive approach in evaluating the environmental impacts of construction operations and further explore ways to reduce the environmental impacts. Enormous opportunities exist within the building industry to achieve a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of the [...] Read more.

There have been various concerns about the environmental impact of construction works. This generates a need to take a more proactive approach in evaluating the environmental impacts of construction operations and further explore ways to reduce the environmental impacts. Enormous opportunities exist within the building industry to achieve a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of the study is to develop a framework for the evaluation of improvement opportunities for environmental impact for onsite and offsite building construction works using life cycle assessment (LCA) and value-stream-mapping concepts. Various tools for LCA exist; however, there is a need for the development of an LCA framework and improvement opportunities that can be localized to various communities to evaluate improvement opportunities for building construction. This study conducts a review of methods to evaluate the LCA of buildings on local construction sites. A procedure for establishing improvement opportunities is also developed. Based on the author’s knowledge and experience, including site visits, using value stream mapping (VSM) techniques, a conceptual framework of the present state map and future state map of residential construction works was developed. The study presents a procedure for the evaluation of improvement opportunities for the environmental impacts of construction operations.

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Open Access December 16, 2022

A Framework for the Application of Optimization Techniques in the Achievement of Global Emission Targets in the Housing Sector

Adekunle Mofolasayo

World Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2022, 1(1), 73-103. DOI: 10.31586/wjcea.2022.512

Abstract The building construction industry holds a crucial role in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions globally. The targets for greenhouse gas emissions may not be achieved without a defined strategic plan to meet up with the set targets from various sectors of the economy. Recognizing the enormous potential that the building industry holds in contributing to global greenhouse gas GHG emission [...] Read more.

The building construction industry holds a crucial role in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions globally. The targets for greenhouse gas emissions may not be achieved without a defined strategic plan to meet up with the set targets from various sectors of the economy. Recognizing the enormous potential that the building industry holds in contributing to global greenhouse gas GHG emission reduction, this study describes a framework on how optimization techniques can be used as a guide for emission reduction targets for the housing sector using illustrations of the onsite and offsite building construction industry. Given that some of the GHG gases are also sources of air pollution, this study includes a discussion on how the effort to address air pollution can be used to find a consensus towards addressing the concern about GHG emissions. This study presents procedures for simplified methods of estimation of GHG emissions that various municipalities around the globe can use to estimate and report the emissions from the building construction industry. The study presents a unifying strategy for emission management. The study also demonstrates how programming methods can be applied to GHG emissions management. The approach used in this study is transferable to other industries. The study recommends a unifying strategy for the management and control of emissions in the building construction industry. The study also recommends a coordinated effort in sharing best practices for emission control and management from all jurisdictions globally. In the effort to reduce global emission targets, further studies like this and its expansion is recommended for all sectors of the global economy. It is recommended that these studies should be followed by a concrete effort to achieve good implementation of sustainable emission reduction targets globally.

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Open Access January 29, 2026

Material Convergence: An Exploration of Textiles Techniques in the Creation of Decorative Flower Vases

Philomena Obu

Journal of Art and Design 2026, 6(1), 15-31. DOI: 10.31586/jad.2026.6257

Abstract This Practice-based research explores the innovative application of textiles in the creation of decorative flower vases, positioning them at the intersection of functional design and contemporary art. The study investigates the potential of techniques such as weaving, embroidery, and applique to transcend the conventional boundaries of the medium. Through a methodological framework combining [...] Read more.

This Practice-based research explores the innovative application of textiles in the creation of decorative flower vases, positioning them at the intersection of functional design and contemporary art. The study investigates the potential of techniques such as weaving, embroidery, and applique to transcend the conventional boundaries of the medium. Through a methodological framework combining material experimentation interviews with textile artisans and pottery producers in Accra, and critical reflection, the research examines the interplay of materiality, form and aesthetics. It integrates traditional Ghanaian motifs with modern design principles to create culturally resonant, sustainable artworks. The findings demonstrate textiles' significant versatility and creative capacity for producing unique decorative objects. This study contributes to discourses on material innovation and sustainable design by highlighting textiles as a dynamic medium for artistic expression. It offers practical insights for artisans and designers, underscoring the role of textiles in evolving traditional crafts for contemporary contexts.

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Open Access September 04, 2025

Evidence-Based Protocols for the Prevention and Treatment of Prosthetic Joint Infection in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review

Mário Soares Ferreira Júnior, Lauro Barbosa Neto, Reuder Pereira Prado, Hamilton Leão Bucar, Heytor Mendes Camargo Costa, Luiz Fernando Sari Sampaio, Fernanda Grazielle da Silva Azevedo Nora

Online Journal of Surgery 2025, 1(1), 1-9. DOI: 10.31586/ojs.2025.6138

Abstract Objective: This systematic review aimed to identify, synthesize, and critically analyze the available evidence on clinical protocols used for the prevention and treatment of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) in total hip arthroplasty (THA), based on studies published between 2000 and 2025. Methods: The review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Electronic searches were performed in PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase between January and April 2025. Eligible studies included clinical trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published in English that addressed either preventive or therapeutic strategies for PJI in THA. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were carried out independently by two reviewers. Due to the heterogeneity of the included studies, a qualitative synthesis was performed. Results: A total of 32 studies were included. Preventive measures identified in the literature comprised combined antibiotic prophylaxis (cefazolin and gentamicin), multimodal perioperative protocols such as ACERTO, nasal decolonization for Staphylococcus aureus [...] Read more.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to identify, synthesize, and critically analyze the available evidence on clinical protocols used for the prevention and treatment of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) in total hip arthroplasty (THA), based on studies published between 2000 and 2025. Methods: The review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Electronic searches were performed in PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase between January and April 2025. Eligible studies included clinical trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published in English that addressed either preventive or therapeutic strategies for PJI in THA. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were carried out independently by two reviewers. Due to the heterogeneity of the included studies, a qualitative synthesis was performed. Results: A total of 32 studies were included. Preventive measures identified in the literature comprised combined antibiotic prophylaxis (cefazolin and gentamicin), multimodal perioperative protocols such as ACERTO, nasal decolonization for Staphylococcus aureus, silver-impregnated dressings, and structured post-discharge surveillance. Treatment strategies included DAIR (Debridement, Antibiotics, and Implant Retention), the DAPRI technique, one-stage and two-stage revision surgeries, muscle flap reconstructions, and protocols without spacers. These interventions were associated with significantly reduced infection rates and improved clinical outcomes when applied appropriately and in accordance with patient-specific factors. Conclusion: Effective prevention and treatment of PJI in total hip arthroplasty require a systematic and evidence-based approach. Integrated protocols—spanning preoperative optimization, meticulous intraoperative techniques, and rigorous postoperative monitoring—have proven effective in reducing infection incidence. In cases of established infection, surgical management must be tailored to the timing of infection, microbial profile, and host conditions. Two-stage revision remains the gold standard for complex infections, while one-stage revision and emerging techniques like DAPRI offer promising results in selected cases. This review contributes to the standardization of clinical practice and supports improved patient outcomes.

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Systematic Review

Open Access August 20, 2025

A Comparative study of visual narrative in Chekhov's misery and Lu Xun's the New Year's sacrifice

Liu Xiaoya

Universal Journal of Literature and Linguistics 2025, 5(1), 1-13. DOI: 10.31586/ujll.2025.6153

Abstract This article is a comparative analysis of the short stories «Longing» by Anton Chekhov and «Prayer for Happiness» by Lu Xun, exploring the themes of social exclusion, grief and the impossibility of communication in society at the end of the XIX – beginning of the XX century. The article examines how both authors portray the struggle of the main characters to connect with other people in the face [...] Read more.

This article is a comparative analysis of the short stories «Longing» by Anton Chekhov and «Prayer for Happiness» by Lu Xun, exploring the themes of social exclusion, grief and the impossibility of communication in society at the end of the XIX – beginning of the XX century. The article examines how both authors portray the struggle of the main characters to connect with other people in the face of personal tragedy and the indifference of society. The author analyzes the narrative techniques, symbolic images and character development used by Chekhov and Lu Xun to convey universal human experiences of loss, loneliness and the search for meaning in an indifferent world.

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Article

Open Access May 15, 2025

Teaching Social Studies in an Integrated Manner: The Lived Experience of Out-Of-Field Social Studies Teachers

Isaac Atta Kwenin

Open Journal of Educational Research 2025, 5(2), 89-101. DOI: 10.31586/ojer.2025.6100

Abstract This study investigated the pedagogical implications of out-of-field teaching in Social Studies. The Out-of-field Social Studies teachers could encounter several challenges in their preparation and the implementation of the integrated Social Studies curriculum. This study sought the lived experiences of the out-of-field teachers concerning the causes of out-of-field teaching in social studies, [...] Read more.

This study investigated the pedagogical implications of out-of-field teaching in Social Studies. The Out-of-field Social Studies teachers could encounter several challenges in their preparation and the implementation of the integrated Social Studies curriculum. This study sought the lived experiences of the out-of-field teachers concerning the causes of out-of-field teaching in social studies, problems encountered by the out-of-field teachers and the mechanisms they employ to cope with the teaching of Social Studies. The study chose the qualitative phenomenological research design. Data were collected from all the 17 out-of-field Social Studies teachers through in-depth structured interview. Data were transcribed and analysed, through the inductive thematic analysis approach, unveiling of themes and concepts from the narratives of the research participants. The study revealed that out-of-field teaching in Social Studies occurs as a result of teacher shortage in integrated social studies programme. It is also caused by the perception that any teacher could teach Social Studies irrespective of the teachers’ qualification. Out-of-field teacher encounter problems such as inadequate content and pedagogical knowledge, lack of classroom managerial techniques and inability to deliver lessons through the integrated approach. Engaging in professional development courses, peer coaching, in-service training and workshops were some of the mechanisms employed by out-of-field teachers to cope with the teaching of Social Studies. The pedagogical implications of this phenomenon are that when teaching the Social Studies, the out-of-field teachers place more emphasis on aspects of the Social Studies curriculum where they have much knowledge and skip or put less emphasis on other aspects they lack in-depth knowledge, thus, the integrated approach to teaching Social Studies is not adopted effectively by out-of-field teachers. This waters down the content of Social Studies at the Senior High School level. Addressing the problem of out-of-field teaching in Social Studies requires training and recruiting more teachers who have background training and experience in the integrated approach to the teaching of Social Studies.

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Review Article

Open Access March 29, 2025

How Stigma Affects Patients Seeking Help for Drug Addiction

Rusette de Leon Tesani

World Journal of Nursing Research 2025, 4(1), 31-46. DOI: 10.31586/wjnr.2025.1272

Abstract Stigma surrounding drug addiction remains a critical barrier to effective treatment, significantly influencing healthcare access, patient engagement, and recovery outcomes. This study explores the multifaceted impact of stigma on individuals seeking help for substance use disorders (SUDs), with a focus on healthcare-related discrimination, internalized stigma, and structural barriers. Research [...] Read more.

Stigma surrounding drug addiction remains a critical barrier to effective treatment, significantly influencing healthcare access, patient engagement, and recovery outcomes. This study explores the multifaceted impact of stigma on individuals seeking help for substance use disorders (SUDs), with a focus on healthcare-related discrimination, internalized stigma, and structural barriers. Research indicates that negative perceptions among healthcare providers contribute to delayed treatment-seeking behaviors, reduced adherence to medication-assisted treatment (MAT), and increased relapse rates. Additionally, patients internalizing these societal judgments experience heightened psychological distress, social isolation, and decreased self-efficacy, further hindering their recovery process. To address these challenges, evidence-based strategies such as addiction medicine education, trauma-informed care, harm reduction approaches, and peer support models have been shown to effectively reduce stigma and improve treatment outcomes. Hospital administrators and nursing leaders play a critical role in fostering a culture of empathy, advocating for the reframing of addiction as a neuro-psycho-biological disease rather than a moral failing. Future research should explore digital mental health interventions, motivational interviewing techniques, and interdisciplinary collaboration to further dismantle stigma and enhance the effectiveness of addiction treatment programs. This study highlights the urgent need for systemic policy changes, targeted educational programs, and a shift in clinical attitudes to create a more inclusive and stigma-free healthcare environment. Through implementing these approaches, healthcare providers can ensure equitable access to treatment and improve long-term health outcomes for individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) and other substance-related conditions.

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Essay

Open Access March 18, 2025

ACL Tears and the Female Athlete

Logan Warren, Colin Pennington

Universal Journal of Sport Sciences 2025, 5(1), 1-5. DOI: 10.31586/ujss.2025.6039

Abstract The anterior collateral ligament (ACL) is one of four ligaments in the knee, connecting the tibia and femur and acting as a key stabilizer. Factors influencing these injuries include playing surface, training programs, athlete strength, technique, and gender. Female athletes are at a higher risk of ACL injuries, being four to nine times more likely than males, often due to differences in [...] Read more.

The anterior collateral ligament (ACL) is one of four ligaments in the knee, connecting the tibia and femur and acting as a key stabilizer. Factors influencing these injuries include playing surface, training programs, athlete strength, technique, and gender. Female athletes are at a higher risk of ACL injuries, being four to nine times more likely than males, often due to differences in biomechanics and training patterns. It ss important that rehab focuses on both legs, as overworking the injured leg increases the risk of injuries elsewhere. Prevention training, such as proprioceptive-balance and plyometric agility training, has been shown effectiveness in minimizing ACL injuries. Despite some limitations in research, these programs highlight the importance of improved training techniques. Kinesio taping might help reduce pain but lacks strong evidence for preventing ACL tears.

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Review Article

Open Access January 09, 2025

Advances in the Synthesis and Optimization of Pharmaceutical APIs: Trends and Techniques

Sourav Adak

Universal Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2025, 4(1), 1-6. DOI: 10.31586/ujpp.2025.1239

Abstract The synthesis and optimization of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) is fundamental to pharmaceutical drug development, directly influencing drug efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness. Over recent years, significant advancements in synthetic methodologies and manufacturing technologies have transformed API production. This manuscript provides an overview of the latest innovations in API [...] Read more.

The synthesis and optimization of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) is fundamental to pharmaceutical drug development, directly influencing drug efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness. Over recent years, significant advancements in synthetic methodologies and manufacturing technologies have transformed API production. This manuscript provides an overview of the latest innovations in API synthesis, focusing on key techniques such as green chemistry, continuous flow chemistry, biocatalysis, and automation. Green chemistry principles, including solvent substitution and catalytic reactions, have enhanced sustainability by reducing waste and energy consumption. Continuous flow chemistry offers improved reaction control, scalability, and safety, while biocatalysis provides an eco-friendly alternative for synthesizing complex and chiral APIs. Additionally, the integration of automation and advanced process control using machine learning and real-time monitoring has optimized production efficiency and consistency. The manuscript also discusses the challenges associated with regulatory compliance and quality assurance, highlighting the role of advanced analytical techniques such as HPLC, NMR, and mass spectrometry in ensuring API purity. Looking ahead, personalized medicine and smart manufacturing technologies, including blockchain for traceability, are expected to drive further innovation in API production. This review concludes by emphasizing the need for continued advancements in sustainability, efficiency, and scalability to meet the evolving demands of the pharmaceutical industry, ultimately enabling the development of safer, more effective, and environmentally responsible medicines.

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Review Article

Open Access December 06, 2024

An Appraisal of Availability and Use of Protective Clothing for Workers in Ghana

Hellen Edzeani, Juliana Asantewa, Sophia Brient

Journal of Art and Design 2024, 4(1), 69-84. DOI: 10.31586/jad.2024.1188

Abstract The study aimed to examine the availability of protective clothing and its usage among workers at the University of Cape Coast in the central region of Ghana. It used the Accident-Proneness Theory and the Theory of Reasoned Action to achieve the study's objectives. The study adopted the positivist research paradigm. The study used a descriptive design with mixed methods. The study population [...] Read more.

The study aimed to examine the availability of protective clothing and its usage among workers at the University of Cape Coast in the central region of Ghana. It used the Accident-Proneness Theory and the Theory of Reasoned Action to achieve the study's objectives. The study adopted the positivist research paradigm. The study used a descriptive design with mixed methods. The study population comprised all workers and supervisors whose work demands the use of protective clothing at the University of Cape Coast. The study used multistage sampling techniques (stratified, purposive, proportional and Systematic random sampling techniques) to select one hundred and ninety-six departmental workers and five (5) supervisors in the University. The main instruments for data collection were a Semi-structured questionnaire and an unstructured interview guide. Mean and standard deviation, frequency count, and percentages were used to analyse the quantitative data. The qualitative data was analysed through the development of data categories and themes. The study concluded that “not all the protective clothing for the various departments were available. The University ensured that workers used what was in stock at the department. The protective clothing supplied to the various departments was insufficient, so their continuous use of the existing ones got them defaced, bringing about shortages. The study also revealed that workers used protective clothing most often, but not all used it because safety laws were relaxed. The study recommended that the University ensure a regular and adequate supply of PPC, insist on its usage, and enforce the use of PPC by all workers whose work demands it.

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Article

Open Access November 23, 2024

Digital Design as a Tool for Assessing Attitudes

Benta G. Adhiambo Oguda

Journal of Art and Design 2024, 4(1), 49-60. DOI: 10.31586/jad.2024.1163

Abstract This study investigated the use of digital design as a tool for assessing attitudes among male sex offenders by exploring how artistic expression can reveal complex emotional landscapes related to their crimes. The study utilized digital paintings, a type of digital design that involves creating artwork using digital tools and software. Digital painting tools allowed the researcher to simulate [...] Read more.

This study investigated the use of digital design as a tool for assessing attitudes among male sex offenders by exploring how artistic expression can reveal complex emotional landscapes related to their crimes. The study utilized digital paintings, a type of digital design that involves creating artwork using digital tools and software. Digital painting tools allowed the researcher to simulate traditional painting techniques, while benefiting from the flexibility and versatility of digital media. It is essential to comprehend and address offenders’ attitudes towards sexual crimes to create prevention and rehabilitation plans that work. The effectiveness of digital paintings that illustrate the consequences of sexual crimes on offender, victim and the offender’s family was examined in this study. The study examined whether exposure to these visual representations could result in a quantifiable decrease in supporting attitudes toward sexual crimes by comparing participants' pre-test and post-test attitudes using the Crime Pics II tool. There is little research on how visual cues can change offenders' attitudes and perceptions, despite the urgent need for creative evaluation techniques in this delicate field. This study adds to the continuing conversation on crime prevention and offender rehabilitation by demonstrating how well digital design can change perceptions of sexual crimes. A total of 61 male convicts of defilement and rape were purposively sampled for the study. The study utilized an art exhibition and Rapid Serial Visual Presentation format to repeatedly display digital paintings to participants aged 18-45. The artwork produced in both monochrome and polychrome schemes and in realist and surrealist styles was designed to elicit immediate emotional and cognitive responses. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the participants' responses and reflections provided important insights into their attitudes, including sentiments of regret and guilt as well as a sophisticated awareness of the wider effects of their behaviour. Monochrome paintings tended to portray darker emotions, whereas polychrome paintings showed a wider range of emotions, including hope and recognition of the harm done. The findings demonstrate that digital design can effectively support offenders' emotional processing and self-reflection, demonstrating its potential as a helpful tool in rehabilitative and assessment contexts.

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Open Access November 19, 2024

Influence of Physical Features of Housing Environment on Students Halls of Residence

Kasim Smith, Juliana Asantewa, Patience AndohKwaw, Esther Owarewaa Ampaw

Universal Journal of Business and Management 2024, 4(1), 28-42. DOI: 10.31586/ujbm.2024.1162

Abstract The purpose of the study was to examine the Influence of Physical Features of the Housing Environment on Students' Halls of Residence at the University of Cape Coast in the central region of Ghana. Quantitatively, a descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. Housing Deficit Theory underpins the study. The study population comprised three hundred and eight one (381) level 100 [...] Read more.

The purpose of the study was to examine the Influence of Physical Features of the Housing Environment on Students' Halls of Residence at the University of Cape Coast in the central region of Ghana. Quantitatively, a descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. Housing Deficit Theory underpins the study. The study population comprised three hundred and eight one (381) level 100 students in the Halls of Residence at the University of Cape Coast. Stratified proportionate random and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the eight (8) halls of residence and three hundred and eight one (381) level 100 students. The main instrument for data collection was a questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was used in the study to assess the reliability of the variables. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data and show the direction of the responses. The study revealed that the students were satisfied with the physical features of the halls of residence, which influenced their contentment. Features such as recreational facilities, fire service systems, and relaxation facilities were vital in reaching such satisfaction. The study also indicated that the students were satisfied with how much their housing environment influenced their contentment. Students' relationship with their colleagues, the proximity of their halls of residence to the lecture halls and the serenity of the environment of the halls of residence all proved helpful in aligning the students' contentment to such an extent. It is recommended that the hall management should maintain the present physical features and facilities in the halls of residence for students' satisfaction. It is also recommended that the university management take into consideration the proximity of the halls of residence to the lecture theatres and the serenity of the environment of halls of residence in any future halls of residence construction.

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Open Access November 03, 2024

Students' Perceptions of the Usefulness of Formative Feedback in Mathematics Lessons

Iddrisu Abdul Rahaman

Open Journal of Educational Research 2024, 4(6), 353-364. DOI: 10.31586/ojer.2024.1144

Abstract This study aimed to examine students' perceptions of the usefulness of formative feedback in mathematics lessons at Sagnerigu Municipality in the Northern Region of Ghana. Quantitatively, this study employed a descriptive non-experimental survey design. The population comprises all pupils of public Junior High Schools in the Sagnerigu Municipality. A purposive sampling technique was used to [...] Read more.

This study aimed to examine students' perceptions of the usefulness of formative feedback in mathematics lessons at Sagnerigu Municipality in the Northern Region of Ghana. Quantitatively, this study employed a descriptive non-experimental survey design. The population comprises all pupils of public Junior High Schools in the Sagnerigu Municipality. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the Junior High School students for the study. The criterion purposive sampling technique was used to select 518 final-year students for the 2022 Basic education certificate examination from 14 schools in Sagnerigu Municipality. The chosen schools comprised 291 students from high-performing schools and 227 students from low-performing schools. The primary tool for the study was the Student Feedback Perception Questionnaire (SFPQ), administered to the student participants. The Descriptive statistical tool was used to analyse the mean and standard deviation of the data. The study's examination of students' perceptions of feedback revealed a moderate level of perceived usefulness. This emphasises the importance of feedback as a tool for student growth and development. However, the findings also suggest the need for further support and guidance to optimise the impact of feedback on student learning outcomes. The findings also suggest that students value feedback that helps them improve their skills and strategies in Mathematics and keeps them on track to succeed. It also highlights the importance of providing different types of feedback to cater to the diverse learning needs of students. Educators can create a conducive environment that promotes student engagement and achievement by equipping teachers with effective feedback techniques, emphasising constructive comments and avoiding grades.

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Open Access October 26, 2024

Exploring the Relationship between Teacher Training and Challenges in Delivering Effective Sex Education

Anaadumba Helen-Zilfah

Open Journal of Educational Research 2024, 4(6), 323-335. DOI: 10.31586/ojer.2024.1138

Abstract This study aimed to explore the relationship between teacher training and challenges in delivering effective sex education in the Sagnarigu district in the Northern region of Ghana. The Social-cultural theory underpins the study. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of this study comprises teachers, head teachers and a School Improvement Support Officer [...] Read more.

This study aimed to explore the relationship between teacher training and challenges in delivering effective sex education in the Sagnarigu district in the Northern region of Ghana. The Social-cultural theory underpins the study. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of this study comprises teachers, head teachers and a School Improvement Support Officer (SiSo) in basic schools in the Gumani/Nyanshegu circuit in the Sagnarigu district of the Northern Region. This study adopted multi-sampling methods to select respondents. Random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the study's 10 basic schools and 83 respondents. The main tools used for the data collection were the questionnaire and interview. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) software version 23 tools. Descriptive Statistical tools such as frequencies were used to gauge the number of occurrences of the studied variables. The qualitative data was also further analysed in line with the research questions to establish patterns of similarities and variations. These were then validated with the quantitative data for any possible contradictions in the findings. The study concludes that people's socio-cultural and religious beliefs and practices affect the teaching of sex education in school. It was observed that sex education could be misconstrued as an encouragement to young people to engage in early sexual promiscuity. Finally, the study concludes that there cannot be effective sex education without the appropriate logistics such as T.L.M.s, syllabus and time allocation for the subject. The study also acknowledges that the availability of these materials must go along with appropriate capacity building for teachers to be well-positioned to teach the subject. It is recommended that Sexuality education should be included in the curricular and academic calendar of basic schools, along with the provision of adequate T.L.M.s and the proper collaboration with appropriate agencies for the effective teaching of the subject. Sex education needs to be given maximum attention, just as any of the life skills subjects, with adequate investment and motivation to both teachers and pupils to ensure a meaningful impact. There should be regular monitoring, supervision, and assessment of the training of teachers and its influence on the teaching of the subject, as well as ensuring that ethical considerations regarding cultural and religious sensitivities and individual privacy issues are upheld.

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Open Access October 21, 2024

Sexual Harassment in Ghanaian Tertiary Institutions: Reality or Perception

Wahab Sualihu, Mohammed Zakaria, Victor Owusu

Universal Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2024, 4(2), 74-88. DOI: 10.31586/ujssh.2024.1085

Abstract This article assesses the realities of sexual harassment (SH) in selected tertiary educational institutions in Ghana. Using multiple data collection techniques, three areas that are related to SH were assessed. These are knowledge of what constitutes SH, the nature and incidence of SH, and strategies/procedures for handling issues of SH in tertiary educational institutions. The findings from the [...] Read more.

This article assesses the realities of sexual harassment (SH) in selected tertiary educational institutions in Ghana. Using multiple data collection techniques, three areas that are related to SH were assessed. These are knowledge of what constitutes SH, the nature and incidence of SH, and strategies/procedures for handling issues of SH in tertiary educational institutions. The findings from the perspective of teaching and non-teaching staff strongly suggest that knowledge of SH was high among teaching staff but low among non-teaching staff. Staff could not relate very well to the reporting systems and procedures of SH in their institutions. Issues of SH were left in the hands of only a few staff while newly recruited staff showed little understanding of the reporting systems and procedures. From the perspective of students, knowledge of what constitutes SH was high. Students were able to indicate the various SH reporting systems/procedures in the tertiary educational institutions and further indicated that the institutions have provided a safe environment and appointed designated people to handle sexual harassment complaints. Surprisingly, the incidence of sexual harassment was low, and this affected sexual harassment reporting.

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Open Access September 22, 2024

Societal Perception of New Religious Movements’ Televangelism: A Study of House of Power Ministry International and Gilgal Pentecostal Prayer Ministry International in Dunkwa-On-Offin in the Central Region of Ghana

Nicholas Asmah-Sey

Open Journal of Educational Research 2024, 4(5), 296-305. DOI: 10.31586/ojer.2024.1078

Abstract This aimed to examine the societal perception of new religious movements' televangelism in Dunkwa-On-Offin, Ghana's Central Region. The study used a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, using the mixed methods approach to research. The population of this study comprised Women, Regular churchgoers, believers, and those listening to televangelism services by new religious movements, as well [...] Read more.

This aimed to examine the societal perception of new religious movements' televangelism in Dunkwa-On-Offin, Ghana's Central Region. The study used a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, using the mixed methods approach to research. The population of this study comprised Women, Regular churchgoers, believers, and those listening to televangelism services by new religious movements, as well as clergy, lay leaders, and other male worshippers. Random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select 200 women and 20 men from House of Power Ministry International and GILGAL Pentecostal Prayer Ministry International as the respondents for the study. The instruments used for data collection were questionnaires and interview guides. IBM SPSS statistics software version 23 was used to analyse the quantitative data, while qualitative data was analysed thematically with an interpretative lens. The study has revealed that society perceives the televangelism movements as helpful and encouraging but could also create trouble in fundamental Christian worship principles. The study also indicates that televangelists emphasise material things rather than spiritual matters. Other concerns included that televangelism brings about the separation of family and friends because they always inform members that their friends and family are evil. It is recommended that there is the need to change or improve the credibility perception among Christians in Ghana about televangelism. Televangelists must exhibit accountability and integrity to their worshippers by providing adequate information to encourage viewers to support their ministries.

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Open Access September 22, 2024

An Appraisal of Paragraph Unity and Coherence in Writing

Joseph Amonoo Sekyi, Gifty Emma Gyima-Aboagye, Abudulai Rauf

Universal Journal of Literature and Linguistics 2024, 4(1), 55-71. DOI: 10.31586/ujll.2024.1077

Abstract Good academic writing requires a good combination of cohesive ties and coherent features in the text. This study aimed to assess whether paragraph unity and coherence in writing were achieved among students of the Komenda College of Education concerning gender. Lakoff’s Theory underpinned the study. The quantitative approach and a descriptive research design were used in the study. The sample size [...] Read more.

Good academic writing requires a good combination of cohesive ties and coherent features in the text. This study aimed to assess whether paragraph unity and coherence in writing were achieved among students of the Komenda College of Education concerning gender. Lakoff’s Theory underpinned the study. The quantitative approach and a descriptive research design were used in the study. The sample size was 60 (40 males and 20 females). Level 200 students from the Komenda College of Education Department of English were selected using census techniques. The instruments used for data collection were text items and questionnaires. Paragraphs written by the students were analysed using narratives, and quantitative data was analysed using mean, standard deviation and the independent samples t-test. The study revealed that male students have a higher mean score than female students. The study also concluded that there was no significant difference between male and female students regarding achieving paragraph unity and coherence in writing. In other words, gender does not influence how paragraph unity and coherence are achieved in writing – males and females are statistically the same. It is recommended that the principals of the various colleges of education in Ghana encourage the college tutors and the Student Representative Council (SRC) leadership to introduce a programme which engages college students in competitive writing without gender barriers. This programme will ensure that students compete by writing academic papers, demonstrating their knowledge of achieving unity and coherence in writing. This programme can be done every academic year, and an equal number of males and females are presented yearly.

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Open Access September 09, 2024

An Evaluation of Modal Verbs Teacher-Trainees Used in Writing Long Essays and Assignments

Samuel Nartey, Patrick Zodjenu, Reena Efua Ametorwo, Isaac Anobi Asare

Open Journal of Educational Research 2024, 4(5), 256-274. DOI: 10.31586/ojer.2024.1074

Abstract Qualitatively, the study adopted a case research design. The population of this study comprised the last batch of Diploma in Basic Education (DBE) and the current first-year students of the new programme (Bachelor in Basic Education) of Mount Mary College of Education. Simple random and stratified sampling techniques were used to select 15 long essays from the final year, while 30 assignments were [...] Read more.

Qualitatively, the study adopted a case research design. The population of this study comprised the last batch of Diploma in Basic Education (DBE) and the current first-year students of the new programme (Bachelor in Basic Education) of Mount Mary College of Education. Simple random and stratified sampling techniques were used to select 15 long essays from the final year, while 30 assignments were chosen from the first year. Nine (9) long essays from the English language, five (5) essays from Social Studies and one (1) essay from Mathematics. The main tools used for the study were students' assignment items and copies of long essays. Through an interpretative lens, the data were analysed into themes. The data and the analysis largely showed that students employed different kinds of modal verbs in their writing, including complete and periphrastic modal verbs. There was evidence that students have used these modal verbs in different ways that sometimes affected the intended meaning. These inappropriate choices are evident in both written texts and oral presentations. Findings showed that students employed modal verbs indiscriminately with little attention to contexts. It would be recommended that language teachers deal with the issue by giving written feedback on the use of modal verbs to students in their texts anytime they are given assignments.

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Open Access July 16, 2024

Management of Saltwater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers: A Review and Case Studies from Egypt

Ahmed M. Saqr, Mahmoud E. Abd-Elmaboud

Online Journal of Engineering Sciences 2024, 3(1), 1-17. DOI: 10.31586/ojes.2024.982

Abstract Groundwater is undeniably crucial to people's lives, particularly in coastal regions. Therefore, it is imperative to address this vital water source strategically and implement a management plan to maintain its optimal state. The salinization of groundwater poses a significant challenge for coastal communities, stemming from factors like excessive groundwater extraction from coastal aquifers, [...] Read more.

Groundwater is undeniably crucial to people's lives, particularly in coastal regions. Therefore, it is imperative to address this vital water source strategically and implement a management plan to maintain its optimal state. The salinization of groundwater poses a significant challenge for coastal communities, stemming from factors like excessive groundwater extraction from coastal aquifers, reduced recharge, rising sea levels, climate change, and other causes. Saltwater intrusion (SWI) is a prevalent issue that needs attention, as it significantly threatens groundwater quantity and quality. SWI happens when saline water infiltrates coastal aquifers, contaminating freshwater supplies. This review article aims to define SWI, explore its causes and influencing factors, and discuss various monitoring techniques. Additionally, it examines different modeling methods and management tools, including remote sensing, field surveys, modeling approaches, and optimization techniques. To mitigate the adverse effects of SWI, several control measures are outlined, along with their pros and cons. The final section reviews previous SWI studies and case studies from the Nile Delta, Sinai Peninsula, and North-West coast in Egypt. These studies offer suggestions, adaptations, and mitigation measures for future research.

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Open Access June 20, 2024

Proverbs, Language and Rhetoric Features in Arabic Language and Literature

Rashad Seyidov

Universal Journal of Literature and Linguistics 2024, 4(1), 44-54. DOI: 10.31586/ujll.2024.978

Abstract This research has deeply examined the linguistic and rhetorical features of proverbs in Arabic language and literature. By comprehensively addressing the grammatical structures, narrative techniques and rhetorical features of the parables, the study has shown how impressive and instructive these elements are. The research also analyzed the role of parables in contemporary Arabic literature and how [...] Read more.

This research has deeply examined the linguistic and rhetorical features of proverbs in Arabic language and literature. By comprehensively addressing the grammatical structures, narrative techniques and rhetorical features of the parables, the study has shown how impressive and instructive these elements are. The research also analyzed the role of parables in contemporary Arabic literature and how they approach modern social and cultural issues. The findings revealed the rich and diverse effects of parables on language and rhetoric, indicating that Arabic parables are powerful and effective literary tools in both historical and contemporary contexts. Additionally, the place of parables in contemporary Arabic literature, how this literary genre approaches social and cultural issues, and the effects of these approaches on society are detailed. In conclusion, this study highlights the effects of Arabic parables on language and rhetoric and how this literary form has evolved in modern times and its role in social communication. For future studies, it is recommended to conduct comparative analyzes with a wider range of texts and in various geographical and historical contexts. This will better reflect the cultural and historical diversity of Arabic parables and allow us to delve more deeply into the effects of modern technology and media.

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Open Access June 18, 2024

Concord Errors in Academic Writing: A Study of First-Year Students at Offinso College of Education and Strategies for Improvement

Sarah Takyiwa Mensah

Universal Journal of Literature and Linguistics 2024, 4(1), 22-43. DOI: 10.31586/ujll.2024.965

Abstract This study examines concord errors in academic writing among first-year students at Offinso College of Education in Ghana, aiming to identify common errors and propose remedial strategies for improvement. The population sample consists of first-year students at the college, reflecting a gender-sensitive distribution. The study adopts a mixed-methods research design, combining qualitative and [...] Read more.

This study examines concord errors in academic writing among first-year students at Offinso College of Education in Ghana, aiming to identify common errors and propose remedial strategies for improvement. The population sample consists of first-year students at the college, reflecting a gender-sensitive distribution. The study adopts a mixed-methods research design, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses to explore the effects of concord errors on academic writing. Sampling techniques include purposive, quota sampling, and simple random sampling methods. Research instruments include questionnaires, interviews, and writing assessments to evaluate students' language skills. Data analysis involves identifying concord errors in students' writing and assessing the impact on their academic performance. The study concludes by recommending strategies to mitigate concord errors, such as targeted language practice, timely feedback, and awareness of grammatical conventions, to enhance students' writing proficiency and academic success.

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Open Access June 07, 2024

Quality Assurance in Curriculum Development in Ghana’s Higher Education System: A Case Study of UMaT

Bernice Worlanyo Nyadzi, Paul Kwadwo Addo, Matthew Kwabena Okrah

Open Journal of Educational Research 2024, 4(3), 112-125. DOI: 10.31586/ojer.2024.954

Abstract Over the past decades, quality assurance has received significant prominence in higher education management across the world. While the concept is pertinent to all areas of higher education management, nowhere is it considered more crucial than in curriculum development, given the importance of curriculum in supporting students to achieve the needed learning outcomes. In this study, we explored [...] Read more.

Over the past decades, quality assurance has received significant prominence in higher education management across the world. While the concept is pertinent to all areas of higher education management, nowhere is it considered more crucial than in curriculum development, given the importance of curriculum in supporting students to achieve the needed learning outcomes. In this study, we explored how quality is ensured in curriculum development in Ghana, using a STEM university, University of Mines and Technology (UMaT), as a case study. We specifically examined the procedure for curriculum development in the university, how quality assurance is ensured during the process, and the challenges associated with the process. We explore the case using qualitative techniques, particularly in-depth interviews. Fourteen (14) participants were purposively sampled from four (4) functional levels responsible for curriculum development in the university. The study found that the quality of curriculum in UMaT is largely determined by both national and institutional quality assurance frameworks. The major challenges that hamper quality assurance are the need to design curriculum at a shorter notice to fulfil accreditation requirement, lack of experts to support curriculum development, and less consultation with other relevant stakeholders as required by the regulator, Ghana Tertiary Education Commission (GTEC).

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Open Access May 14, 2024

A review of reliability techniques for the evaluation of Programmable logic controller

A.F. Obele, D.O. Aikhuele, H.U. Nwosu

World Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering 2024, 3(1), 24-57. DOI: 10.31586/wjeee.2024.947

Abstract PLCs, or programmable logic controllers, are essential parts of contemporary industrial automation systems and are responsible for managing and keeping an eye on a variety of operations. PLC reliability is critical to maintaining industrial systems' continuous and secure operation. A wide range of reliability strategies were used to improve the reliability of Programmable Logic Controllers, and [...] Read more.

PLCs, or programmable logic controllers, are essential parts of contemporary industrial automation systems and are responsible for managing and keeping an eye on a variety of operations. PLC reliability is critical to maintaining industrial systems' continuous and secure operation. A wide range of reliability strategies were used to improve the reliability of Programmable Logic Controllers, and this article methodically looks at them all. The evaluation classified PLC reliability techniques into Root Cause Analysis (RCA), Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM), Hazard analysis (HA), Reliability block diagram (RBD), Fault tree analysis (FTA), Physics of failure (PoF) and FMEA/FMECA, after thoroughly reviewing the body of literature. The proportion of reviewed papers using either RCA, RCM, FMEA/FMECA, FTA, RBD, RCM, PoF, or Hazard analysis to increase the reliability of PLCs showed that RCA, which makes up 20% of the publications reviewed, has been used the most to increase the reliability of the PLC, followed by HA, RCM, RBD, FTA, and PoF, which account for 17%, 16%, 16%,13%, 10%, and 8% of the articles reviewed, respectively. The paper discusses new developments and trends in PLC reliability, such as the application of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) to fault detection and predictive maintenance.

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Open Access May 03, 2024

Congruence Between Intended and Observed Transactions in the Implementation of the Senior High School (SHS) Social Studies Curriculum in Ghana

Prince Opoku-Afriyie, Anthony Bordoh, Isaac Eshun

Open Journal of Educational Research 2024, 4(2), 78-99. DOI: 10.31586/ojer.2024.921

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the Social Studies Curriculum for Senior High Schools in Ghana to determine whether the subject has attained its goal(s) or not, using Stake’s Countenance Evaluation Model. The study took place in the Asante Akim North District. The population for study were all Social Studies teachers and students in the district. The multi-stage sampling technique was adopted for the [...] Read more.

This study aimed to evaluate the Social Studies Curriculum for Senior High Schools in Ghana to determine whether the subject has attained its goal(s) or not, using Stake’s Countenance Evaluation Model. The study took place in the Asante Akim North District. The population for study were all Social Studies teachers and students in the district. The multi-stage sampling technique was adopted for the study and the sample size was 120, made up of 100 students and 20 teachers. The concurrent mixed method approach was adopted. The main instruments used for collecting data were questionnaires, interviews (focus group and unstructured interview), observation and documentary analysis. Quantitative data were tabulated, organised, analysed and interpreted to draw sound conclusions and generalisations. The data were presented in the form of tables and percentages. Words were used to interpret the tables and percentages for easy understanding. The qualitative data responses were described and explained in the form of themes. Sometimes responses were quoted verbatim to authenticate claims made. The study looked at the congruence between what was intended to occur and what was observed before and during the implementation of the curriculum in the Asante Akim North District. On the transactions, it was revealed that teachers in the district communicate the problem the topic seeks to address and the specific objectives to the learners during instruction. Also, teachers varied their teaching methods, techniques and strategies. However, teachers failed to take students out on field trips. Also, they failed to use video documentaries to deliver their lessons inhibiting students’ creativity as they are denied the opportunity to explore and get first-hand information to build up knowledge and develop the needed attitudes and values. From the findings, it is therefore recommended that the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment should increase the time allotted to the teaching of Social Studies at the SHS level from 3-periods of 40 minutes a week to 5-periods of 40 minutes a week to give teachers and learners ample time to discuss, debate, digest and solve problems during instructional hours to enable the goal of the subject attained.

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Open Access May 01, 2024

Challenges Affecting the Teaching and Learning of Social Studies in the Colleges of Education in Ghana

Eric Osei Yaw

Open Journal of Educational Research 2024, 4(2), 54-65. DOI: 10.31586/ojer.2024.920

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the challenges affecting the teaching and learning of Social Studies in the Colleges of Education in the Ashanti Region. Qualitatively, the study adopted a case study research design. The population of the study comprised fifteen (15) Social Studies teachers in the Ashanti region of Ghana. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the colleges and [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to examine the challenges affecting the teaching and learning of Social Studies in the Colleges of Education in the Ashanti Region. Qualitatively, the study adopted a case study research design. The population of the study comprised fifteen (15) Social Studies teachers in the Ashanti region of Ghana. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the colleges and Social Studies teachers. The main instrument for data collection was an unstructured open-ended interview guide. Four criteria proposed by Lincoln and Guba in 1985 used to measure the trustworthiness of data collected are credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. Data obtained from the study were subjected to thematic analysis using themes developed from the data collected based on the research question. The findings of this study indicate that adequate textbooks, availability of teaching and learning materials such as projectors, the ability of tutors to engage in research, and the ability to vary teaching techniques are some factors that affect the teaching and learning of Social Studies in Colleges of Education. Students can remember a greater percentage of what was taught when techniques used by teachers are in their interest. It is recommended that T-TEL and Universities to which Colleges of Education are affiliated should continue to provide seminars and sessions to tutors in areas of material, resource development and research. This will continue to ensure that tutors are competent in their field of specialization. It is also recommended that the government should conduct a nationwide programme evaluation exercise on Social Studies to identify the loopholes needed to ensure the effectiveness of the subject.

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Open Access April 29, 2024

Digital Forensic Investigation Standards in Cloud Computing

Ehigiator Egho-Promise, Sunday Idahosa, George Asante, Augusta Okungbowa

Universal Journal of Computer Sciences and Communications 2024, 3(1), 23-45. DOI: 10.31586/ujcsc.2024.923

Abstract Digital forensics in cloud computing environments presents significant challenges due to the distributed nature of data storage, diverse security practices employed by service providers, and jurisdictional complexities. This study aims to develop a comprehensive framework and improved methodologies tailored for conducting digital forensic investigations in cloud settings. A pragmatic research [...] Read more.

Digital forensics in cloud computing environments presents significant challenges due to the distributed nature of data storage, diverse security practices employed by service providers, and jurisdictional complexities. This study aims to develop a comprehensive framework and improved methodologies tailored for conducting digital forensic investigations in cloud settings. A pragmatic research philosophy integrating positivist and interpretivist paradigms guides an exploratory sequential mixed methods design. Qualitative methods, including case studies, expert interviews, and document analysis were used to explore key variables and themes. Findings inform hypotheses and survey instrument development for the subsequent quantitative phase involving structured surveys with digital forensics professionals, cloud providers, and law enforcement agencies, across the globe. The multi-method approach employs purposive and stratified random sampling techniques, targeting a sample of 100-150 participants, across the globe, for qualitative components and 300-500 for quantitative surveys. Qualitative data went through thematic and content analysis, while quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods facilitated by software such as SPSS and R. An integrated mixed methods analysis synthesizes and triangulates findings, enhancing validity, reliability, and comprehensiveness. Strict ethical protocols safeguard participant confidentiality and data privacy throughout the research process. This robust methodology contributed to the development of improved frameworks, guidelines, and best practices for digital forensics investigations in cloud computing, addressing legal and jurisdictional complexities in this rapidly evolving domain.

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Open Access November 15, 2023

Predictive Failure Analytics in Critical Automotive Applications: Enhancing Reliability and Safety through Advanced AI Techniques

Vishwanadham Mandala

Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data 2023, 3(1), 4-16. DOI: 10.31586/jaibd.2024.917

Abstract Failure prediction can be achieved through prognostics, which provides timely warnings before failure. Failure prediction is crucial in an effective prognostic system, allowing preventive maintenance actions to avoid downtime. The prognostics problem involves estimating the remaining useful life (RUL) of a system or component at any given time. The RUL is defined as the time from the current time [...] Read more.

Failure prediction can be achieved through prognostics, which provides timely warnings before failure. Failure prediction is crucial in an effective prognostic system, allowing preventive maintenance actions to avoid downtime. The prognostics problem involves estimating the remaining useful life (RUL) of a system or component at any given time. The RUL is defined as the time from the current time to the time of failure. The goal is to make accurate predictions close to the failure time to provide early warnings. J S Grewal and J. Grewal provide a comprehensive definition of RUL in their paper "The Kalman Filter approach to RUL estimation." A process is a quadruple (XU f P), where X is the state space, U is the control space, P is the set of possible paths, and f represents the transition between states. The process involves applying control values to change the system's state over time.

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Open Access March 23, 2024

An Attitude of Staff and Students towards Littering in Second-Cycle Schools in Sefwi Wiawso Municipality in the Western North of Ghana

Simon Nipah, Alexander Kingsford Otoo, Anthony Bordoh, Isaac Eshun

Universal Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2024, 4(1), 20-34. DOI: 10.31586/ujssh.2024.709

Abstract The growing unconcern and poor attitude of some Ghanaians towards environmental protection and sanitation practices has become very endemic in Ghanaian Societies. Littering especially is considered a major environmental problem within the setting of this study. This study employed the mixed-method approach in integrating qualitative and quantitative research data. The study adopted a convergent parallel research design. The population for this study consisted of all teaching staff and students of Sefwi Wiawso Senior High Technical School and St. Joseph Catholic Senior High School in Sefwi Wiawso municipality in the Western North Region of Ghana. Purposive, simple random, and convenient sampling techniques were used to select the schools, teachers and students for the study. A sample size of one hundred and ninety-eight (198) consisting of one hundred eighty-eight (188) students and ten (10) teachers were selected for the study. The two main instruments used for data collection were questionnaires and interview guides. The quantitative data obtained from the questionnaire were coded with numerical values and keyed into the data view of the SPSS version 23. The qualitative data was analysed through content analysis and was further transcribed into themes for analysis with a side-by-side comparison with the quantitative data. The qualitative data gathered and presented, were organised and analysed manually using emerging themes. The study revealed that littering is currently caused by irresponsible behaviour among some staff and students coupled with other factors such as lazy attitudes among people, inadequate waste bins on campus, and more seriously, less sensitization of people on littering in the various senior high schools. The study also indicated that provisions of adequate waste bins at vantage points in the various campuses, awarding prizes to individual students and groups with good waste management practices on campus, implementing rules and regulations on littering, as well as educating, and sensitizing students and staff on littering on campuses formed the possibilities on how schools can shape up staff and student’s attitudes towards healthy environment by avoid littering. It is recommended that Students with good waste management practices should be rewarded to encourage others in Senior High Schools. It is also recommended that sustainable waste management practices (collection, transportation, and treatment) should be employed in all the Senior High Schools [...] Read more.

The growing unconcern and poor attitude of some Ghanaians towards environmental protection and sanitation practices has become very endemic in Ghanaian Societies. Littering especially is considered a major environmental problem within the setting of this study. This study employed the mixed-method approach in integrating qualitative and quantitative research data. The study adopted a convergent parallel research design. The population for this study consisted of all teaching staff and students of Sefwi Wiawso Senior High Technical School and St. Joseph Catholic Senior High School in Sefwi Wiawso municipality in the Western North Region of Ghana. Purposive, simple random, and convenient sampling techniques were used to select the schools, teachers and students for the study. A sample size of one hundred and ninety-eight (198) consisting of one hundred eighty-eight (188) students and ten (10) teachers were selected for the study. The two main instruments used for data collection were questionnaires and interview guides. The quantitative data obtained from the questionnaire were coded with numerical values and keyed into the data view of the SPSS version 23. The qualitative data was analysed through content analysis and was further transcribed into themes for analysis with a side-by-side comparison with the quantitative data. The qualitative data gathered and presented, were organised and analysed manually using emerging themes. The study revealed that littering is currently caused by irresponsible behaviour among some staff and students coupled with other factors such as lazy attitudes among people, inadequate waste bins on campus, and more seriously, less sensitization of people on littering in the various senior high schools. The study also indicated that provisions of adequate waste bins at vantage points in the various campuses, awarding prizes to individual students and groups with good waste management practices on campus, implementing rules and regulations on littering, as well as educating, and sensitizing students and staff on littering on campuses formed the possibilities on how schools can shape up staff and student’s attitudes towards healthy environment by avoid littering. It is recommended that Students with good waste management practices should be rewarded to encourage others in Senior High Schools. It is also recommended that sustainable waste management practices (collection, transportation, and treatment) should be employed in all the Senior High Schools across the country.

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Open Access March 09, 2024

An Evaluation of Interventions to Promote Adolescent Gender Forgiveness

James Kwame Mahama, Agnes Amshetu Osman

Open Journal of Psychology 2024, 4(1), 1-17. DOI: 10.31586/ojp.2024.902

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine indicators of forgiving behaviour and intervention among adolescent students in Junior High School in Bimbilla in the Nanumba North Municipality of Ghana. This study adopted the Pragmatist philosophy. The mixed methods experimental design was used for the study. The study population comprised all adolescents in Junior High Schools in the Nanumba [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to examine indicators of forgiving behaviour and intervention among adolescent students in Junior High School in Bimbilla in the Nanumba North Municipality of Ghana. This study adopted the Pragmatist philosophy. The mixed methods experimental design was used for the study. The study population comprised all adolescents in Junior High Schools in the Nanumba North Municipality of the Northern Region, Ghana. Purposive, random sampling techniques Krejcie and Morgan's table of determination of sample size were used for the schools and respondents for the study. Two major instruments were used for this study: a questionnaire and an interview guide. The interview schedule was used to gather the qualitative data whereas the quantitative data was gathered using the questionnaire. The study indicated that both the REACH model and Process model are efficacious in reducing the level of depression among adolescent students when their levels of forgiveness are increased through forgiveness counselling regardless of gender and age. The findings also revealed that both REACH and Process models were good interventions for the adolescents in showing greater emotional regulation (increased forgiveness, reduced anger and reduced depression, enhanced sense of well-being, positive feelings and positive thoughts towards the offender). It is recommended that counsellors organise training programmes with parents in conjunction with Non-governmental organisations on using the Process and REACH models. This will bring awareness of the interventions and encourage parents to seek assistance anytime their adolescents need assistance. It is once again recommended that teachers and school administrators consider forgiveness interventions (the Process model and REACH model) as a very effective strategy for treating unforgiveness to improve students' psychological well-being.

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Open Access January 30, 2024

Perceptions and Attitudes of Social Studies Teachers in the Usage of Multimedia Resources in Teaching and Learning of Social Studies Concepts

Cynthia Anim

Open Journal of Educational Research 2024, 4(1), 27-41. DOI: 10.31586/ojer.2024.897

Abstract Qualitatively, the study focused constructivist [...] Read more.

Qualitatively, the study focused constructivist research paradigm. A case study research design was adopted for the study. The study population comprised all six (6) Social Studies teachers, the headmaster and the School Improvement Support Officer (SISO). Purposive and convenient sampling techniques were used to select the participants for the study. The main instrument for data collection was a semi-structured interview guide and observation protocol. The data were analysed using the interpretative technique based on the themes arrived at during the data collection from the semi-structured interview. The study revealed that multimedia usage is a quality enhancer in educational settings for teaching Social Studies concepts. It also indicated that teachers perceived their incompetence when using technology as they feel less in control of their classes and are unlikely to explore new possibilities that utilise technology when planning their lessons. They learn the theoretical aspect and practice and perceive the teacher’s role in the classroom changes from an instructor to a facilitator, which changes the teaching method to student-centred (constructive methodology) which aids content absorption by the learner through learning by doing. The study also indicated that teachers perceived their incompetence when using technology as they felt less in control of their classes and were unlikely to explore new possibilities that utilised technology when planning their lessons. It is recommended that the Ministry of Education and National Teaching Council collaborate with Ghana Education Service to set up Social Studies training centres in all the district capitals equipped with competent staff to periodically organise in-service training for teachers to build their capacity on how to pedagogically incorporate multimedia resources in their instructions to improve students learning outcomes.

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Open Access March 01, 2024

Challenges Learners Face in Using the Flipped Classroom Model in the Teaching and Learning of Religious and Moral Education in the Nzema East Municipality of the Western Region of Ghana

Solomon Appiah

Universal Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2024, 4(1), 12-19. DOI: 10.31586/ujssh.2024.892

Abstract Challenges are part and parcel of human activities. Quantitatively, a relational survey model research was adopted for the study. The population for this study comprised all Junior High School (JHS) Religious and Moral Education (RME) students in Bokro M/A JHS and the Eziom Methodist JHS in the Nzema-East Municipality of the Western Region. Purposive and random sampling techniques were used to [...] Read more.

Challenges are part and parcel of human activities. Quantitatively, a relational survey model research was adopted for the study. The population for this study comprised all Junior High School (JHS) Religious and Moral Education (RME) students in Bokro M/A JHS and the Eziom Methodist JHS in the Nzema-East Municipality of the Western Region. Purposive and random sampling techniques were used to select the schools and respondents for the study. The main instruments for data collection were a test and a questionnaire. The data from both the control and experimental groups on the challenges learners face in using the flipped classroom model in RME were analysed using means and standard deviations. The study indicates the challenges learners face by employing the flipped classroom model to learn include lack of data to access the internet, frequent light outs, lack of technological devices to access contents, frequent power outages, and difficulty in comprehending some of the materials given to them. Given that learners face frequent power outages during periods that they watch videos assigned to them by their teachers, it is recommended that the government and the Electricity Company of Ghana ensure that there is a constant flow of power to allow learners trying to use the flipped classroom to learn are without any hindrance. It is also recommended that the Ghana education service should organise continuing professional development for RME teachers on effective uses of technology in teaching and learning subject concepts. The government should also supply the basic schools with all the needed technological devices to promote effective teaching, learning and assessment.

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Open Access February 18, 2024

An Appraisal of Challenges in Developing Information Literacy Skills in the Colleges of Education of Ghana

Martha Baidoo, William Jones

Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data 2024, 4(1), 19-30. DOI: 10.31586/jaibd.2024.878

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the challenges faced by students of Colleges of Education (CoEs) in developing their Information Literacy skills. The study adopted the post-positivism paradigm. Descriptive survey research design used in this study Survey. The population for this study comprised all Level 200 students at Wiawso CoE, Enchi CoE, and Bia Lamplighter CoE in the Western North [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to examine the challenges faced by students of Colleges of Education (CoEs) in developing their Information Literacy skills. The study adopted the post-positivism paradigm. Descriptive survey research design used in this study Survey. The population for this study comprised all Level 200 students at Wiawso CoE, Enchi CoE, and Bia Lamplighter CoE in the Western North Region. Purposive, stratified, and convenience sampling techniques were used to select colleges of education and level 200 students. The three (3) colleges of education were stratified and purposively selected while 256 level 200 students were stratified and conveniently sampled. The study employed questionnaires to collect data from the sampled students. Questionnaires (open and closed-ended questions) focused on the challenges faced by the students in developing their Information Literacy (IL) skills. The quantitative data was captured, analysed, and presented in descriptive statistics such as percentages, and frequency tables, to determine the objective of the study. It is recommended that to improve digital literacy and academic pursuits, the college management should improve access to desktop computers and the Internet in the library and computer centre. It is also recommended that Management and librarians of the Colleges of Education ensure that students have access to these devices at the library and can use them to develop their IL skills and help them manage their references more effectively.

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Open Access February 15, 2024

Influence of Televangelism on Ghanaian Women

Nicholas Asmah-Sey

Universal Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2024, 4(1), 1-11. DOI: 10.31586/ujssh.2024.880

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of new religious movements’ televangelism on women in Dunkwa-on-Offin in the central region of Ghana. The study adopted the sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach. The study population was important because they make up a bigger share of individuals who attend mainline churches and are constantly exposed to televangelism in their daily [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of new religious movements’ televangelism on women in Dunkwa-on-Offin in the central region of Ghana. The study adopted the sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach. The study population was important because they make up a bigger share of individuals who attend mainline churches and are constantly exposed to televangelism in their daily lives. A multi-stage sampling technique (purposive and simple random sampling techniques) was used to select two hundred (200) women for the study. Krejcie and Morgan's table determined the two women population of 400 (for both churches). The main instruments for data collection were questionnaires and interview guides. Quantitative data was analysed with the use of the IBM SPSS statistics software version 23, to compute frequency distributions, percentages, tables and cross-tabulation. Descriptive statistics and inferential analysis were employed in the analysis of the data. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically by identifying relevant information, coding, classification and summaries. The study revealed that televangelism has influenced women to follow televangelists rather than the teachings of their churches. Also, the activity has influenced the youth and women to follow false teachings, prosperity and vain promises of travelling. The findings of the study revealed that televangelists’ messages are geared towards obtaining money and raising unrealistic hopes. It is recommended that the government should also establish and enforce policies and regulations that encourage genuine televangelism programming and deter televangelists who are driven by fraud and self-gain by registering all the churches and holding them accountable for their actions.

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Open Access February 12, 2024

An Appraisal of PROCESS and REACH Model on Forgiveness, Anger and Depression among Adolescents in Junior High Schools in Nanumba North Municipality, Ghana

James Kwame Mahama, Mary Braimah

Open Journal of Educational Research 2024, 4(1), 1-18. DOI: 10.31586/ojer.2024.872

Abstract The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of REACH and Process Models on forgiveness, anger and depression among 11- to 19-year-old adolescents in junior high schools in Bimbilla in the Northern Region of Ghana. The study employed a mixed-method design. The population for the study comprised all junior high school students totalling 3632. Of this number, 1,888 (55%) of the students were [...] Read more.

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of REACH and Process Models on forgiveness, anger and depression among 11- to 19-year-old adolescents in junior high schools in Bimbilla in the Northern Region of Ghana. The study employed a mixed-method design. The population for the study comprised all junior high school students totalling 3632. Of this number, 1,888 (55%) of the students were males, while 1744(45%) were females. The accessible population was 1,636 from eight (8) JHSs with 952(55%) of them being boys and the remaining 684(45%) being girls. The participants were selected based on their low levels of forgiveness and high levels of anger and depression determined by the Depression Mode Scale and Anger Self-Report. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 60 participants for the study, with each group having 20 participants. The main instruments used for the study are questionnaires (Enright Forgiveness Inventory (EFI). Anger self-report questionnaire (ASR), and Depressed Mood Scale (DMS) and semi-structured interview guide. One-way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the hypotheses. The study indicates that both the REACH model and PROCESS model have the efficacy in enhancing forgiveness among adolescents. The study also revealed that the REACH model and Process model have efficacy in reducing levels of depression among adolescent students. It is recommended that Counselling Centres should be set up by District Education Offices and the District Assemblies in the community so that students can visit the centre anytime they feel hurt. Regular seminars, lectures and symposia should be organized regularly by Counsellors and Psychologists using the efficacy of forgiveness therapies (Process and REACH Therapies) for students to be sensitized on the need to patronise forgiveness interventions. It is also recommended that the Government should provide adequate funds and support to encourage the conduct of research in forgiveness counselling since it is a new concept in Africa and Ghana in particular.

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Open Access January 24, 2024

Influence of social media on the stock market: Part 1. A brief analysis

Brandom A. Neri-Mares, Victor A. Rodriguez-Ríos, Rocio R. Gallegos-Villela, Edgardo J. Suarez-Dominguez

Universal Journal of Business and Management 2024, 4(1), 1-14. DOI: 10.31586/ujbm.2024.853

Abstract The world of the stock market is an intricately complex financial ecosystem that demands years of dedicated study to comprehend fully. It relies on risk mitigation practices and fundamental theoretical techniques to engage in speculation regarding stock and cryptocurrency fluctuations. However, this realm is progressively becoming more inclusive, with accessibility expanding beyond traditional [...] Read more.

The world of the stock market is an intricately complex financial ecosystem that demands years of dedicated study to comprehend fully. It relies on risk mitigation practices and fundamental theoretical techniques to engage in speculation regarding stock and cryptocurrency fluctuations. However, this realm is progressively becoming more inclusive, with accessibility expanding beyond traditional educational barriers. Technological advancements, coupled with the ease of entry into this domain and the information-disseminating power of social networks, contribute to a rising number of individuals participating in this financial movement. What makes this evolution disruptive is that the same tools facilitating accessibility also exert influence on the way market trends unfold. This paper delves into the escalating impact of social media within the financial sphere, emphasizing the heightened accessibility to information and market involvement facilitated by platforms like Twitter and Reddit. It sheds light on how social media plays a pivotal role in market manipulation, as evidenced by phenomena such as the r/wallstreetbets subreddit, where meme-based strategies were employed to inflate the prices of stocks like GameStop. The study explores the utilization of social media by influential figures, exemplified by Elon Musk, who leverage their platforms to sway market movements. Additionally, this paper addresses instances of misinformation, such as the confusion surrounding Virgin Galactic's shares following a SpaceX failure and the introduction of "AGUA" in the Mexican stock market, leading to widespread misunderstandings. The paper extends its examination to the effects of social media on cryptocurrencies, highlighting how comments from public figures can significantly impact the prices of Bitcoin and Dogecoin. Overall, it underscores the imperative need for adaptation to these changes in the digital financial paradigm.

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Open Access January 06, 2024

English as a Lingua Franca: Attitude and Perception of the Ghanaian English Teacher Towards Native Speakers Accent

Sarah Takyiwa Mensah

Universal Journal of Literature and Linguistics 2024, 4(1), 1-6. DOI: 10.31586/ujll.2024.858

Abstract English language has become a global language due to first, the results of British colonial expansion and, global commercial interests. It has become a lingua franca in many countries, including Ghana. Qualitatively, the study adopted case study research design. The purpose of the study was to find out the perception and the attitude of Ghanaian English teachers towards the Native Speakers’ [...] Read more.

English language has become a global language due to first, the results of British colonial expansion and, global commercial interests. It has become a lingua franca in many countries, including Ghana. Qualitatively, the study adopted case study research design. The purpose of the study was to find out the perception and the attitude of Ghanaian English teachers towards the Native Speakers’ accents. The population of study consists of all ten (10) tutors in the Department of Languages, Offinso College of Education. Purposive and convenient sampling techniques were used to select the college and the tutors for the study. The main tool used for the collection of data was the semi-structured interview. Most of the participants revealed positive attitudes towards their own English accents which were different from that of the native speaker. Ghanaians are often faced with the challenge of which accent to use when communicating with each other and with outsiders. Most of the tutors from Offinso College of Education who participated in this study expressed positive responses to their non-native speaker’s accents. Not only did the idea of having a native speaker’s accent hold no attraction for them but they also found it strange because it would not represent their L1 identity. The majority of participants in this study preferred to use their non-native accents to attempt to adopt those of the native speaker. To them, there is only one distinction between English accents -you are either a native or non-native.

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Open Access December 28, 2023

Perspectives of Married Men and Women on Access and Use of Contraceptives in Obuasi-East District in Ghana

Mabel Opoku Boateng, Lucy Effeh Attom

Universal Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2023, 3(2), 91-116. DOI: 10.31586/ujssh.2023.850

Abstract Family planning and the use of contraceptives have been introduced in Ghana to control the fertility rate and ensure the prevention of unplanned pregnancies. The study examined the perceptions of married men and women on the use of contraceptives, their access to information and the effects of mass media on the use of contraceptives in the Obuasi-East District. The research adopted a qualitative [...] Read more.

Family planning and the use of contraceptives have been introduced in Ghana to control the fertility rate and ensure the prevention of unplanned pregnancies. The study examined the perceptions of married men and women on the use of contraceptives, their access to information and the effects of mass media on the use of contraceptives in the Obuasi-East District. The research adopted a qualitative approach using the phenomenological case study design. Purposive and convenience sampling techniques were used to sample 15 married men and women for the study. The data was collected using interviews and presented through thematic analysis. The study revealed that participants had in-depth knowledge of contraceptives and male and female participants held different perceptions. Married men have knowledge of the types of contraceptives peculiar to both sexes. The women were familiar with condoms used by men and various types of contraceptives used by women. The most common contraceptive known and used by married men is a condom because of its effectiveness, ease of use and accessibility. The married women preferred injectables. The frequency of information from the mass media has reduced significantly compared to previous years. The study concluded that mass media has an effect on the use of contraceptives among married men and women and recommends that mass media frequently educate the general public on the use of contraceptives. Besides, information on contraceptives and their use should be diversified by media houses in the form of drama, poems, books and music to attract married couples.

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Open Access December 11, 2023

How Digital Technologies Improving Business Enterprise Applications

Hariprasad Mandava

Universal Journal of Computer Sciences and Communications 2023, 2(1), 15-19. DOI: 10.31586/ujcsc.2023.831

Abstract The review article presents how emerging technologies improves the business enterprise applications for process management. The paper considers certain technologies of enterprise applications and justifies the updated methodological and analytical tools for assessing, selecting, and regulating business processes in a single enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. Information technology must be [...] Read more.

The review article presents how emerging technologies improves the business enterprise applications for process management. The paper considers certain technologies of enterprise applications and justifies the updated methodological and analytical tools for assessing, selecting, and regulating business processes in a single enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. Information technology must be used to identify products, track their movement into and out of the warehouse using code scanning technology, and streamline the product management procedure. To increase the dependability of management techniques, guarantee that the business operates flawlessly, and maintain a regular management mode, the process management form should be implemented in the enterprise management process. The implementation of digital information technology is essential for achieving effective corporate management. In addition to providing ideal operational circumstances for businesses, it is essential to analyse information technology and manage businesses economically. The foundation for implementing the enterprise applications method strategy is the creation of a process management system and an in-depth, methodical review of the enterprise as a collection of processes. Process-oriented enterprise applications should be the foundation of contemporary novel technologies for modelling business processes. It shares a tight relationship with workflow management systems (WFM), enterprise resource planning (ERP), and total quality management (TQM).

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Open Access December 04, 2023

Combined Techniques of Hill Cipher and Transposition Cipher

A. Hassan, A. Garko, S. Sani, U. Abdullahi, S. Sahalu

Journal of Mathematics Letters 2023, 1(1), 57-64. DOI: 10.31586/jml.2023.822

Abstract Encryption is a method of encoding data so that only authorized parties can read or access that data. With the fast improvement of digital data exchange in electronic way, Information Security is becoming much more important in data storage and transmission. In this paper, the authors work on improving the security of data using a combination of Hill cipher and a Transposition cipher [...] Read more.

Encryption is a method of encoding data so that only authorized parties can read or access that data. With the fast improvement of digital data exchange in electronic way, Information Security is becoming much more important in data storage and transmission. In this paper, the authors work on improving the security of data using a combination of Hill cipher and a Transposition cipher (G_p) , the plaintext will be encrypted using ordinary Hill cipher technique and encrypted again using G_pcipher there by producing a more complex ciphertext that will be very difficult for cryptanalyst to intrude, and the decryption process is done in two phases, the first decryption will return the ciphertext of the ordinary Hill cipher method and the second decryption will return the original plaintext.

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Open Access October 22, 2023

An Appraisal of Work-Family Conflict on Management Staff of Star-Rated Hotels

Samuel Otoo, Anthony Bordoh, Kate Gyasi, Shirley Dankwa

Universal Journal of Business and Management 2023, 3(1), 28-45. DOI: 10.31586/ujbm.2023.804

Abstract The objective of this research was to investigate work-family conflict among management staff of hotels in the Accra Metropolis of Ghana. The study employs the pragmatism approach and Convergent parallel mixed methods research technique. The population of the study is all-star-rated management staff of star-rated hotels in the Accra metropolis. Stratified, random and convenient sampling techniques [...] Read more.

The objective of this research was to investigate work-family conflict among management staff of hotels in the Accra Metropolis of Ghana. The study employs the pragmatism approach and Convergent parallel mixed methods research technique. The population of the study is all-star-rated management staff of star-rated hotels in the Accra metropolis. Stratified, random and convenient sampling techniques were used to select 182 out of 356 respondents. One hundred (100) were sampled using a formula and a table determination of sample size based on the confidence level needed from a given population as provided by Krejcie and Morgan in 1970 for the study. Ten managers were conveniently interviewed on the issues of work-family conflict. The main instruments for data collection were a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview guide. This study adopted factor analysis and a structural equation model to examine factors that influence work-family conflict. This statistical technique was used in the research to investigate the factorability of the variables of work-related and family-related factors separately and a structural equation model was used to combine both factors to better understand the relationship. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship between work-family conflict. Pearson product-moment Correlation and structural equation model were used to determine the consequences of work-family conflict. It can be concluded that both work-related such as work overload, job type and involvement as well as family-related factors such as life cycle stage, and childcare arrangement predict work-family conflict among managers of hotels in the Accra metropolis. It is also deducted WFC affect managers’ performance on the job, exhaust them emotionally and also influences their intentions to leave the job for another. Managers usually feel fatigued to prepare for work and physically drained after work. They also feel depressed and emotionally drained sometimes. It is recommended that top management of hotels should allocate a budget to build an organisational culture that encourages work-family balance. Frontline managers should be trained to be aware of the benefit of providing support in the work environment that will help staff balance work and family. It is also recommended that hotel jobs be redesigned by the human resource unit to reduce workload and make it more interesting for managers so they may not feel overworked. Overworking of managers will enhance their intentions to quit the job and this will be costly for hotels.

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Open Access September 19, 2023

Empirical Analysis of Lexico-Grammatical Features Used in Rhetorical Structure of the Statement of the Research Problems of Master’s Theses

Wilhelmina Coker Davis, Salamatu Gyamera

Universal Journal of Literature and Linguistics 2023, 3(1), 47-59. DOI: 10.31586/ujll.2023.781

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the empirical analysis of lexico-grammatical features used in the rhetorical structure of the Statement of the Research Problems of Master of Philosophy theses in the Faculties of Arts and Education at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana. Qualitatively, content analysis was adopted for this study. Theses from the Faculty of Arts and the Faculty of Education at the University of Cape Coast were selected for this study. These theses were selected from 2012 to 2022 academic years to ensure currency in terms of the stipulated lexico-grammatical features used in the statement of the research problem. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the university, two faculties (Faculty of Arts and Faculty of Education) and postgraduate theses for the study. The two faculties were purposively sampled. Eighty (80) theses were simple randomly sampled (Forty (40) theses each from the Faculty of Arts and the Faculty of Education). The main instrument used for data collection was content analysis. The data was analysed by the use of the interpretative technique based on the themes arrived at during the data collection of the statement of research problem from the post-graduate theses. The study indicated that integral citation was dominant in SRPs from the Faculty of Arts theses whereas non-integral citations were rather dominant in SRPs from the Faculty of Education theses. The use of adverbials to boost these claims was also found in only the SRPs from the Faculty of Arts theses. The use of hedging devices in SRPs from both Faculties to indicate a gap, and the use of simple noun phrases such as “the problem” and “the need [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to examine the empirical analysis of lexico-grammatical features used in the rhetorical structure of the Statement of the Research Problems of Master of Philosophy theses in the Faculties of Arts and Education at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana. Qualitatively, content analysis was adopted for this study. Theses from the Faculty of Arts and the Faculty of Education at the University of Cape Coast were selected for this study. These theses were selected from 2012 to 2022 academic years to ensure currency in terms of the stipulated lexico-grammatical features used in the statement of the research problem. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the university, two faculties (Faculty of Arts and Faculty of Education) and postgraduate theses for the study. The two faculties were purposively sampled. Eighty (80) theses were simple randomly sampled (Forty (40) theses each from the Faculty of Arts and the Faculty of Education). The main instrument used for data collection was content analysis. The data was analysed by the use of the interpretative technique based on the themes arrived at during the data collection of the statement of research problem from the post-graduate theses. The study indicated that integral citation was dominant in SRPs from the Faculty of Arts theses whereas non-integral citations were rather dominant in SRPs from the Faculty of Education theses. The use of adverbials to boost these claims was also found in only the SRPs from the Faculty of Arts theses. The use of hedging devices in SRPs from both Faculties to indicate a gap, and the use of simple noun phrases such as “the problem” and “the need” were mostly used to categorically state the research problem. It is recommended that a comparative study of theses in the two faculties in another university in Ghana be undertaken to identify how similar or otherwise the rhetorical structure and the lexico-grammatical features of the SRPs written by postgraduate students in the two faculties will be.

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Open Access September 06, 2023

An empirical Study on Tutors’ and Students’ Perceptions and Sustenance of Networking in Food and Nutrition Education in the Colleges of Education in Ghana

Pamela Alikem Afua Nyadroh

Open Journal of Food and Nutrition 2023, 1(1), 64-73. DOI: 10.31586/ojfn.2023.765

Abstract Networking has become more common in recent years because it provides structural support and consistent avenues for contact among experts. The purpose of the study was to examine tutors’ and students’ perceptions and sustenance of networking in Food and Nutrition education in the Colleges of Education of Ghana. Quantitatively the study employed a cross-sectional survey research design. The population of the study comprised tutors and students in the Colleges of Education in Ghana offering Food and Nutrition. Purposive, stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to select colleges of education, 16 tutors and 256 students for the study. The main instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire. The data collected were processed and analysed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. All statistical analyses were tested at a 5% level of significance. Levene's Test for Equality of Variances [...] Read more.

Networking has become more common in recent years because it provides structural support and consistent avenues for contact among experts. The purpose of the study was to examine tutors’ and students’ perceptions and sustenance of networking in Food and Nutrition education in the Colleges of Education of Ghana. Quantitatively the study employed a cross-sectional survey research design. The population of the study comprised tutors and students in the Colleges of Education in Ghana offering Food and Nutrition. Purposive, stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to select colleges of education, 16 tutors and 256 students for the study. The main instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire. The data collected were processed and analysed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. All statistical analyses were tested at a 5% level of significance. Levene's Test for Equality of Variances was computed to determine the significant difference in the perception of networking in Food and Nutrition education between tutors and students. It can be concluded that both tutors and students are in favour of networking in Food and Nutrition education. The tutors and students believed networking education can foster collaboration, help implement new ideas to improve the quality of teaching, create an environment conducive to teaching and learning; and help students in sharing vital information. Since there is a positive perception on the use of networking, it is recommended that the tutors should foster collaboration, and create a conducive environment to enhance the positive perception and smooth implementation of networking in Food and Nutrition education at Colleges of Education in Ghana. The study indicated that in order to sustain networking education, teachers need to be more cognizant of their interactions and the influence they have on students. It is therefore recommended that teachers maintain contact with students, and ensure a spirit of unity in diversity among the students.

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Open Access August 23, 2023

Investigating Ghanaian Pre-Tertiary Teachers' Adaption of Differentiated Instructional Strategies

Ernest Sarpong Akore, Philemon Afutor, Anthony Kwadwo Badu-Domfeh, Clarke Ebow Yalley

Open Journal of Educational Research 2023, 3(3), 187-199. DOI: 10.31586/ojer.2021.759

Abstract The emphasis on adapting learner-centric education and inclusive pedagogies to promote learning effectiveness is part of the paradigm shift in teaching. By maximizing variability, differentiated education methodologies ensure individualized instruction and equal academic success for all students. Based on this justification, this study sought to investigate Ghanaian pre-tertiary teachers' adaption [...] Read more.

The emphasis on adapting learner-centric education and inclusive pedagogies to promote learning effectiveness is part of the paradigm shift in teaching. By maximizing variability, differentiated education methodologies ensure individualized instruction and equal academic success for all students. Based on this justification, this study sought to investigate Ghanaian pre-tertiary teachers' adaption of differentiated instruction strategies during the teaching and learning processes. Pre-tertiary teachers within the Kwahu Ridge of the Eastern Region of Ghana were sampled to respond to the close-ended questionnaire. A multi-pronged approach was employed in the data analysis. Respondents possessed knowledge of the differentiated instruction strategies, however, there were some disparities between first and second-cycle teachers. Significant factors influenced the range of diversity in the classroom and knowledge and experience, with the latter showing an unexpected negative influence, possibly due to experienced teachers' preference for traditional methods of teaching. Notwithstanding, a perfect alignment of instructional techniques, activities and assessment practices to accommodate the heterogeneity of students stimulate active participation, interest and readiness to learn. It is recommended that educational stakeholders should recognize the dynamic nature of the learning environment and better provide pre-tertiary teachers with the tools and support needed to employ differentiated instruction techniques successfully to ensure inclusive, individualized and intensive instruction in the classroom.

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Open Access August 18, 2023

An Investigation into the Contributions of Beach Resorts to the Development of Coastal Communities in the Central Region of Ghana

Samuel Annan-Nunoo

Open Journal of Educational Research 2023, 3(3), 171-186. DOI: 10.31586/ojer.2021.753

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the contributions of Beach Resorts to the development of coastal communities in the Central Region of Ghana. A mixed-method approach was adopted for the study. The population for this study comprised five communities selected from two municipalities and a district in the Central Region of Ghana (Brenu Akyinim and Elmina in the Komenda/Edina/Eguafo/Abrem [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to examine the contributions of Beach Resorts to the development of coastal communities in the Central Region of Ghana. A mixed-method approach was adopted for the study. The population for this study comprised five communities selected from two municipalities and a district in the Central Region of Ghana (Brenu Akyinim and Elmina in the Komenda/Edina/Eguafo/Abrem Municipality (KEEA), Moree in Abura/Asebu/Kwamankese District (AAK) as well as Anomabo and Ekumfi Otuam in the Mfantseman Municipal Assembly) Sample Random and Purposive sampling techniques were used to select the communities’ and respondents (Community members, Government agencies, and Resort management) for the study. The main instruments used for the study were questionnaires, Focus Group discussions and interviews. 240 questionnaires were administered, 40 by tourists and 200 by the inhabitants of the study area. Eighteen opinion leaders and management leaders in the study areas were also interviewed. The quantitative data entry and analysis were done by using the SPSS software package. The qualitative data was analysed by the use of the interpretative technique based on the themes arrived at during the data collection from the focus group discussions. It was realized that beach Resorts are a force to reckon with because the communities benefit a lot from job creation, income, infrastructure development, improvement in aesthetics, improved sanitation and many more. Education and skill training of the youth in the coastal communities is very crucial if they are to be employed and be paid well. Some of them need foreign exposure to enlighten them about the need of foreign tourists to help manage the resort facilities very well and to make their services more competitive with beach resorts in other coastal regions in Ghana and Africa at large. It is recommended that the District Assemblies and Ghana Tourist Authority should institute policies to ensure that the education of the youth in the coastal communities (study areas) are given priority and also access to financial support be made available to the local investors. Beach resort owners should liaise with Ghana Tourism Authority and the Chiefs to establish a training institution to train and update the skill of those who work in the tourism sector.

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Open Access July 28, 2023

An Assessment of Coping Strategies on Work-family Conflict and Job Performance in Ghana

Samuel Otoo, Shirley Dankwa, Samuel Annan-Nunoo, Kate Gyasi

Universal Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2023, 3(1), 46-60. DOI: 10.31586/ujssh.2023.734

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine coping strategies for managing the effects of work-family conflict on the management staff of hotels in the Accra metropolis of Ghana. The study adopted a Convergent parallel mixed methods research technique. The population of the study is all-star-rated management staff of star-rated hotels in the Accra metropolis. multi-stage sampling. The estimation of [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to examine coping strategies for managing the effects of work-family conflict on the management staff of hotels in the Accra metropolis of Ghana. The study adopted a Convergent parallel mixed methods research technique. The population of the study is all-star-rated management staff of star-rated hotels in the Accra metropolis. multi-stage sampling. The estimation of the sample size for the hotel managers was based on Krejcie and Morgan’s table for the determination of the sample size for a given population. The population of 100 managers were stratified and randomly sampled out of the 182 managers. The main instruments for data collection were questionnaires and an interview. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 was used to determine simple percentages and frequencies of responses. Pearson product-moment Correlation and structural equation model were used to determine the consequences of work-family conflict as well as coping strategies adopted by managers. Amos PLS was used to determine the moderating effect of coping strategies on work-family conflict and job performance. Hotel managers in the Accra metropolis combine the strategies of structural role redefinition, personal role redefinition, cognitive restructuring and reactive role redefinition to curb work-family conflict. The study demonstrated a positive relationship between coping strategies and job performance. Coping strategies had a moderating effect on the relationship between work-family conflict and the job performance of hotel managers. Thus, to improve the job performance of hotel managers, there should be the application of coping interventions to help them perform on the job. The study also determined that work-family conflict had a significant positive relationship with job performance. Similarly, the study established that coping strategies significantly moderate the relationship between work-family conflict and job performance among hotel managers in the Accra metropolis. Although coping strategies were employed by hotel managers in the Accra metropolis, it is recommended that training sessions on the use of coping strategies and stress management techniques should be considered by management to address psychological and emotional work environment stressors since they have been proven to reduce stress and WFC. It is also recommended that there should be an inter-hotel collaboration to offer smaller hotels which do not have the resources some leverage the impact of work-family conflict. This platform can be provided by the Ghana hotels association to impact knowledge of coping strategies in smaller hotels. The government must be encouraged to liaise with the Ghana hotels association to enforce the mandatory eight-hour work per day to avoid overworking of hotel managers.

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Open Access July 23, 2023

Appraising of Social Media Network in the Academic Performance of Students in Ghana: A Case of Komenda Edina Eguafo Abirem Municipality

Osei Kojo Agyeman, Dennison Curtis Okyere, Francis Agbalenyo, Kingsley Okyere, Frank Enu-Kwesi

Universal Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2023, 3(1), 35-45. DOI: 10.31586/ujssh.2023.729

Abstract Quantitatively, the study adopted a descriptive research design. The population of this study comprised two thousand (2000) students in the four (4) senior high schools (Edinaman Senior High, Eguafo Senior High, Peter Hold Book Senior High and Komenda Senior Technical Institute) in Komenda Edina Eguafo Abirem municipality. Purposive, simple random and stratified sampling techniques were used to [...] Read more.

Quantitatively, the study adopted a descriptive research design. The population of this study comprised two thousand (2000) students in the four (4) senior high schools (Edinaman Senior High, Eguafo Senior High, Peter Hold Book Senior High and Komenda Senior Technical Institute) in Komenda Edina Eguafo Abirem municipality. Purposive, simple random and stratified sampling techniques were used to select two hundred students from the four for this study. A questionnaire was the main instrument for data collection. There are more adverse effects of social media network participation on academic performance than positive effects. Social media network sites serve as a useful medium for enhancing students’ academic performance if properly used. Therefore, SHS students should be guided to use social media properly to enhance their academic performance. It is recommended that regular counselling by school authorities and parents for students who participate in social media networks should be done to prevent improper use of social media and avoid addiction and its consequences. It is also recommended that teachers should encourage students to use the right grammar and correct spelling of words when participating in social networks to help stop the negative effect it has on students’ academic performance. It is once again recommended that all stakeholders should be involved in educating students on the proper use of social media networks for their academic work as well as the dangers of improper use on their academic performance and social well-being.

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Open Access June 27, 2023

Teachers’ Knowledge Base in Community Resources Used in Assessing Social Studies Concepts

Emmanuel Brew

Open Journal of Educational Research 2023, 3(2), 105-121. DOI: 10.31586/ojer.2023.711

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine teachers’ knowledge base in community resources used in assessing Social Studies concepts in the University of Education Practice Junior High School (JHS), Winneba. The case study design was employed as the study's qualitative methodology. The population comprised two Social Studies teachers in the University Practice JHS, Winneba. Purposive and convenient [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to examine teachers’ knowledge base in community resources used in assessing Social Studies concepts in the University of Education Practice Junior High School (JHS), Winneba. The case study design was employed as the study's qualitative methodology. The population comprised two Social Studies teachers in the University Practice JHS, Winneba. Purposive and convenient sampling techniques were used to select the teachers and school for the study. The main instrument for data collection was the interview guide. The two teachers were interviewed because they were in a position to give all the relevant information required for the research. They were also readily available at the time of the research. The study revealed that even though the Social Studies teachers were aware of community resources, they did not involve them often in their lesson delivery. However, in the only case where a teacher took the learners round the school compound to look at the various types of rocks, the learners were excited and willing to learn. The assessment results also showed that almost all learners, both low and high achievers had high scores. Evidence from the inquiry also shows that teachers used only traditional forms of assessment in Social Studies. Teachers give multiple choice and essay type of assessment items to learners. Teachers did not involve community resources in the assessment of Social Studies concepts because of challenges like inadequate time allocated for the teaching of the subject, financial constraints, bureaucratic processes involved in obtaining permission and the need to meet the requirements of external examinations. It is recommended that the Ghana Education Service (GES) should design appropriate policies to ensure that provision is made in the school academic calendar for field trips and community resource engagement for Social Studies education. Social Studies teachers should also be trained on the full range of assessment techniques suggested in the 2012 syllabus. Emphasis should be laid on authentic/alternate assessment practices. At the school level, heads of Social Studies department should organise periodic in-service training for the teachers to ensure that the curriculum, instruction and assessment practices are aligned to ensure that the subject attains its intended goals and outcomes.

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Open Access May 15, 2023

Social Studies Teachers' Authentic Assessment Practices, Tools and Challenges in Assessing Students' Learning Outcomes

George Asante, Nelson Kojo Brany, Seth Senyo Osafo, George Boateng

Universal Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2023, 3(1), 23-34. DOI: 10.31586/ujssh.2023.696

Abstract Assessment is a vital aspect of curriculum practice. The study adopted explanatory mixed-method approach and sequential research design. The population for the study comprised all Social Studies teachers in Junior High Schools in the Ayensuano District. Convenient sampling techniques and census method were used to select the district, and all the one hundred and twenty-seven (127) teachers who [...] Read more.

Assessment is a vital aspect of curriculum practice. The study adopted explanatory mixed-method approach and sequential research design. The population for the study comprised all Social Studies teachers in Junior High Schools in the Ayensuano District. Convenient sampling techniques and census method were used to select the district, and all the one hundred and twenty-seven (127) teachers who teach Social Studies in the junior high schools in the district. The main instruments used for data collection and analysis were questionnaire and interview guide. The quantitative data was analysed both descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The qualitative data was transliterated and coded based on themes. Pre-set themes were used to generate the transcript (text) data based upon the research questions and discussed. The study concluded that authentic assessment practices by Social Studies teachers included the occasional guidance they give to their students about how to interpret topics and situations into relevant tasks with a clearly defined goal, and how to relate their knowledge in practical challenges. The study also revealed that refined essays, oral presentations, interviews, case study discussions, and live performances as authentic assessment strategies or tools Social Studies teachers used in assessing their students' learning outcomes in lessons. The study indicated that large class size, traditional assessment (examination) system, insufficient logistics and infrastructure, a paucity of funds to begin various activities and programs, a lack of motivation from school administrators, time constraints and difficulty in developing some authentic assessment tasks coupled with assessing some lessons using authentic assessment method are some of the criteria that influence the effectiveness of authentic assessment execution in teaching Social Studies courses. It is recommended that educational leaders should provide the resources to motivate Social Studies teachers to use authentic assessments for students’ learning in the classroom situation. It is also recommended that, Colleges of Education, Universities and National Teaching Council should organise professional development workshops and seminars to build the capacity of trained Social Studies teachers on the effective uses of authentic assessment practices.

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Open Access May 14, 2023

An Assessment of Inclusive Education Experiences of Teacher-Trainees with Sensory Impairment in Colleges of Education in Ghana

Emmanuel Kwame Larbi Mantey, Irene Vanderpuye, Lebbaeus Asamani

Open Journal of Educational Research 2023, 3(2), 75-92. DOI: 10.31586/ojer.2023.692

Abstract Effective Inclusive education experiences can be built through structured interventions. The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of inclusive education experiences on teacher-trainees with sensory impairment in the Ghana Colleges of Educations of Ghana. The study was based on pragmatist philosophy. The study adopted convergent parallel mixed-methods approach. The population involved all [...] Read more.

Effective Inclusive education experiences can be built through structured interventions. The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of inclusive education experiences on teacher-trainees with sensory impairment in the Ghana Colleges of Educations of Ghana. The study was based on pragmatist philosophy. The study adopted convergent parallel mixed-methods approach. The population involved all 66 students with sensory (visual and hearing) impaired in the three (3) CoEs (PCE, Akropong Akwapim, WESCO, Kumasi and NJA, Wa) that practice inclusive education (IE) during the 2018/19 academic year. Purposive and census sampling techniques were used to select the three (3) colleges of education and sixty-six students for the study. The main instruments for data collection were questionnaire and focus group discussion. The quantitative data items were coded for input into the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 23 software and analysed using means and standard deviations. The qualitative extracts collected into themes that were coded, analysed and interpreted. The study revealed that teacher-trainees had varied experiences on campus, while they felt welcomed into the inclusive institution; they also felt the Colleges were not well prepared to meet their needs. The physical environment was not conducive for the VI on campus. It is recommended that, College authorities should work with the MoE and agencies concerned with disability issues in the society to provide comfortable environment on College campuses for TTSI. It is also recommended that, providing a comfortable environment should include facilities and resources needed for the TTSI to learn effectively. It also involves physical arrangement of the campus environment. The TTSI, regardless of their disabilities, should be provided with an environment where their movement, their studies, their interactions with their peers and tutors are made easier to help them graduate successfully.

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Open Access February 20, 2023

Response of Three Cucumber Cultivars to the Application of Sulphate of Ammonia as top Dressing with Respect to Fruit Yield and Shelf Life

Yakubu Jacob Fuseini, Alhassan Nurideen

Open Journal of Agricultural Research 2023, 3(1), 1-11. DOI: 10.31586/ojar.2023.629

Abstract The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of the Horticulture Department, University for Development Studies (UDS), Nyankpala campus with the aim of determining the response of three cucumber cultivars (Marketer, Nandini, Pointset) to the application of sulphate of ammonia as top dressing with respect to fruit yield, and shelf life. It was a 3 x 3 x 2 factorial arranged in a [...] Read more.

The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of the Horticulture Department, University for Development Studies (UDS), Nyankpala campus with the aim of determining the response of three cucumber cultivars (Marketer, Nandini, Pointset) to the application of sulphate of ammonia as top dressing with respect to fruit yield, and shelf life. It was a 3 x 3 x 2 factorial arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data was collected on total fruit yield, shelf life and percentage fruit decay in storage. Their effect on the varieties differed significantly to a varying degree. The factors, however, had no significant impact and caused no difference in the fruit yield and fruit weight. 15:15:15 NPK effect on the cucumbers caused a high decay incidence when applied alone or in combination with (NH₄)₂SO₄. Therefore, the application rate may be revised or reduced to experiment if decay incidence would decline in storage. Further studies may extensively be carried out to note if varying the rate of NPK would impact positively on the shelf life of cucumber. (NH₄)₂SO₄ effect increased weight loss in cucumbers hence, better storage techniques should be considered by controlling high temperatures. Complete fertilizer; 15:15:15 NPK and (NH₄)₂SO₄ had a positive impact on protein and fibre. Hence, their application is recommended for increasing protein and fibre level in cucumbers.

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Open Access January 01, 2023

Analysis of D- and L- Isomers of (Meth)amphetamine in Human K2EDTA Plasma

Brian Robbins, Jacob Perry, Mary Long, Rob E. Carpenter

Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences 2023, 3(1), 1-12. DOI: 10.31586/jbls.2023.534

Abstract Methamphetamine and its metabolite amphetamine are frequently abused drugs. Whether obtained legally or from clandestine laboratories it is of relevance to determine the chiral makeup of these drugs for investigative purpose. Although urine and oral fluid matrices are commonly offered, less available to independent laboratories are techniques to verify dextro (D-) or levo (L-) (meth)amphetamine [...] Read more.

Methamphetamine and its metabolite amphetamine are frequently abused drugs. Whether obtained legally or from clandestine laboratories it is of relevance to determine the chiral makeup of these drugs for investigative purpose. Although urine and oral fluid matrices are commonly offered, less available to independent laboratories are techniques to verify dextro (D-) or levo (L-) (meth)amphetamine from human K2EDTA plasma. This paper outlines the development and validation of a method that includes the addition of internal standard and a two-step liquid-liquid extraction to remove the analytes from human K2EDTA plasma by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The assay was validated according to the United States Food and Drug Administration and College of American Pathologists guidelines, including assessment of the following parameters in plasma validation samples: linear range, limit of detection, lower limit of quantitation, matrix effects, inter- and intra-day assay precision and accuracy, carry over, linearity of dilution, matrix effects and stability. The outcome is a validated and reliable method for the determination of D- and L- isomer concentration of meth(amphetamine) human plasma samples that can be easily adopted by independent clinical laboratories.

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Open Access December 25, 2022

Cancer Risk Assessment Tools in Primary Care Settings: An Integrative Review

Christian Paul Virtucio, Kamille Ivvah Moraleda, Karylle Conanan, Roison Andro Narvaez

World Journal of Cancer and Oncology Research 2023, 2(1), 1-9. DOI: 10.31586/wjcor.2023.568

Abstract Background: There are currently numerous risk instruments available to aid in predicting the present or future chance of getting a cancer diagnosis. It aids in determining a person's likelihood of developing certain cancers by looking at various risk factors, including environmental, behavioral, and genetic. Aim: To analyze the effectiveness of cancer risk assessment techniques [...] Read more.

Background: There are currently numerous risk instruments available to aid in predicting the present or future chance of getting a cancer diagnosis. It aids in determining a person's likelihood of developing certain cancers by looking at various risk factors, including environmental, behavioral, and genetic. Aim: To analyze the effectiveness of cancer risk assessment techniques utilized in primary care settings. Methods: An integrative review of literature Results: Five (5) studies were met the criteria based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These tools demonstrated effectiveness in improving patient outcomes and serving as useful therapeutic tools in the primary care setting. Conclusion: Advantages that may aid clinicians in the primary care setting in validating the diagnosis and assisting patients in determining the early signs and symptoms in the diagnosis of cancer. The role of assessment tools can enhance the reliability and caliber of clinical judgment, which can enhance patient outcomes. Implications: The role of healthcare professionals, such as oncologists, nurses, and the healthcare team, on cancer risk assessment in the primary care setting across the lifespan is crucial to ensure a care plan tailored to each patient’s needs.

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Open Access December 20, 2022

Role of Informal Diglossia in Learning of Languages: A Case Study of Seventh Day Adventist (S. D. A) College of Education

Stella Akosua Kayi, James Kofi Tetteh, Veronica Serwaa Ofosu, Faustina Ethel Ganaa

Universal Journal of Literature and Linguistics 2022, 2(1), 22-32. DOI: 10.31586/ujll.2022.570

Abstract This paper investigated the role of informal diglossia on the learning of languages in Seventh Day Adventist (S. D. A) College of Education in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Mixed research approach was adopted for the study. Population of the study comprised one hundred level 300 students in S. D. A. College of Education in Asokore-Koforidua. Purposive, convenient and simple random [...] Read more.

This paper investigated the role of informal diglossia on the learning of languages in Seventh Day Adventist (S. D. A) College of Education in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Mixed research approach was adopted for the study. Population of the study comprised one hundred level 300 students in S. D. A. College of Education in Asokore-Koforidua. Purposive, convenient and simple random techniques were to select the college, level 300 students for the study. The main instruments used for data collection for study were questionnaire and interview. Data were analyzed in line with Speech Accommodation Theory, where convergence and divergence were identified. The findings of the study revealed that the S. D. A. College of Education has a multilingual speech community where languages are in contact; students select their language of communication, depending upon their speech partners based on High or Low variety. Predominantly, students code-switch between languages specifically Twi and English language. In the midst of the multilingual environment, students developed the speaking of some Ghanaian languages they could not speak before coming to the college. The study also concluded that there was adult language acquisition in colleges; besides, in a formal academic setting where students were expected to communicate in the formal language, they rather gave were much higher attention to Ghanaian languages.

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Open Access December 17, 2022

A Descriptive Phenomenology of Nature and Characteristics of Chieftaincy Succession Conflict: A Case of Akuapem Traditional Area, Ghana

Shirley Dankwa, Ernest Kumi, Isaac Eshun

Universal Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2022, 2(4), 291-309. DOI: 10.31586/ujssh.2022.572

Abstract The study focused on the nature and characteristics of the chieftaincy succession conflict in the Akuapem Traditional Area of Ghana. This study was anchored on an interpretivist philosophical viewpoint. Methodologically, the study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive phenomenology research design. Thirty-four (34) adults who have lived in the area for the past five years [...] Read more.

The study focused on the nature and characteristics of the chieftaincy succession conflict in the Akuapem Traditional Area of Ghana. This study was anchored on an interpretivist philosophical viewpoint. Methodologically, the study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive phenomenology research design. Thirty-four (34) adults who have lived in the area for the past five years participated in the study. They included members of the traditional council, the Akuapem North Municipal Assembly, the royal gates to the paramountcy and others within the community. Participants were selected using extreme case, critical case and convenience sampling techniques. Data were collected with the use of interview guide, focus-group discussion and observation protocols. The data collected were analysed thematically in line with the research questions and emerged patterns from the dataset. The study found out that the dynamics of the conflict revolved around the nature and frames. The findings showed multiple causes that resulted in the exacerbation of the conflict. A major conclusion drawn from the study was that the chieftaincy institution in Akuapem is hurled with conflict which has complex dynamics and thus, has had multiple implications on the stability and development of the society. It is therefore recommended that all stakeholders to the installation are duly left to perform their duties without any intrusion from external parties or outsiders. Moreover, the grievances of these stakeholders should be addressed to ensure smooth running of the processes. This can be ensured by the traditional council of the area.

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Open Access December 12, 2022

Students’ Perceptions and Attitudes Towards Techniques Used in Teaching and Learning of Social Studies in the Colleges of Education in Ghana

Eric Osei Yaw, Sylvia Takyiwaa Donkor, Joseph Yeboah, Collins Appiah

Universal Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2022, 2(4), 259-272. DOI: 10.31586/ujssh.2022.567

Abstract The purpose of the study was to examine Colleges of Education students’ attitudes toward the teaching and learning of Social Studies in the Ashanti region. Quantitatively, descriptive survey research design was employed for the study to examine the attitudes of Colleges of Education students toward the teaching and learning of Social Studies in the Ashanti region. The population for the study [...] Read more.

The purpose of the study was to examine Colleges of Education students’ attitudes toward the teaching and learning of Social Studies in the Ashanti region. Quantitatively, descriptive survey research design was employed for the study to examine the attitudes of Colleges of Education students toward the teaching and learning of Social Studies in the Ashanti region. The population for the study comprised all the second year (form 2) Social Studies students from the four (4) selected Colleges of Education in the Ashanti Region. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select four (4) Colleges of Education (St. Louis, Wesley, St. Monica's and Offinso Colleges of Education), and two-hundred seventy-seven (277) second year Social Studies students for the study. The main instrument used for data collection was questionnaire. The quantitative data obtained was coded into Statistical Product for Service Solution (SPSS) (version 26.0) and analyzed using descriptive statistics involving tables, frequencies and percentages for each item. “Strongly Agree”, “Agree”, “Strongly Disagree”, “Disagree” were all used in the analysis for easy presentation and understanding. The study revealed that students were able to dedicate much time to studying the subject in order to acquire relevant knowledge, positive attitudes and skills as well as solve societal problems stems from their ability to have good perception of the subject. The study also concludes that varying techniques of teaching is a key factor in enabling students to develop keen interest in Social Studies. It arouses and sustain students’ interest in the subject, they must not neglect employing methods that are student-centered. It is recommended that teachers should vary their methods of teaching to focus more on the use of child-centered techniques of teaching. It is also recommended that, teaching universities and colleges of education should collaboration with Ministry of Education, T-TEL and other Non-governmental educational organizations to organise workshops, and seminars to help Social Studies teachers on the use of vary teaching techniques in evaluating students learning.

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Open Access December 09, 2022

Socio-Economic and Cultural Barriers that Affect Women’s Participation in Local Level Governance in the Central Region of Ghana

Augusta Kyerewaah Asante, Lucy Effeh Attom

Universal Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2022, 2(4), 234-258. DOI: 10.31586/ujssh.2022.556

Abstract The study sought to examine the socio-economic and cultural factors that affect women’s participation in local level governance in selected districts in the Central Region of Ghana. The qualitative approach was employed for this study, and an interview guide was used to gather data from 11 women assembly members and two of their husbands, making a total of 13 participants. The participants were [...] Read more.

The study sought to examine the socio-economic and cultural factors that affect women’s participation in local level governance in selected districts in the Central Region of Ghana. The qualitative approach was employed for this study, and an interview guide was used to gather data from 11 women assembly members and two of their husbands, making a total of 13 participants. The participants were sampled using purposive, snowball and convenient sampling techniques. The data was analysed thematically. The study identified lack of self-confidence, limited funds, unsupportive family, abuse and harassment, political affiliations in the Assembly and unsupportive religious organizations as the socio-economic and cultural barriers to women participation in local level governance in Agona West, Gomoa West and Gomoa Central Districts in the Central Region of Ghana. The findings showed that despite the barriers, some of the women were able to surmount such challenges and became successful in the District Assembly elections. The study recommended that special fund should be set up by the government to support Assembly women to perform their roles and responsibilities within their communities regularly. Such funds may help them fulfil their campaign promises, which may encourage them to seek re-election in the District Assemblies. Also, female politicians should mentor potential female politicians. The mentors may support them to build the confidence required to engage in local level politics and to aspire higher positions in political office.

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Open Access December 08, 2022

Teachers’ Use of Field Trip to Evaluate Social Studies Lessons in the Senior High Schools of Ghana

Theophilus Kweku Bassaw, Frank Ato Tabil, Sylvia Takyiwaa Donkor, Slyvanus Kofie, Anthony Bordoh

Universal Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2022, 2(4), 219-233. DOI: 10.31586/ujssh.2022.558

Abstract The purpose of the study was to assess teachers’ use of field trips in evaluating Social Studies lessons in Winneba Senior High School in Effutu Municipality in the Central Region of Ghana. Qualitatively, a case study research design was employed for the study. The population of this study comprised all the four (4) Social Studies teachers and Social Studies Association president in Winneba Senior [...] Read more.

The purpose of the study was to assess teachers’ use of field trips in evaluating Social Studies lessons in Winneba Senior High School in Effutu Municipality in the Central Region of Ghana. Qualitatively, a case study research design was employed for the study. The population of this study comprised all the four (4) Social Studies teachers and Social Studies Association president in Winneba Senior High School. Convenient and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the municipality, Winneba Senior High School and Social Studies teachers and Social Studies Association president for the study. The main instrument for data collection was semi-structured interview guide. The data was analysed through the use of the interpretative method on the themes identified during the data collection. The study indicated that the use of field trips in the teaching and learning of Social Studies has the potential to influence the understanding levels of students and teachers. Therefore, field trips have the potential to help students and teachers to gain new knowledge that may not have been obtained through theoretical learning in the classroom. The study also revealed that organisation of field a trip has some challenges, such as, time as the main factor, financial problems, inadequate support from School Management, Parents and some teachers, nature of the curriculum, the behaviour of students outdoor were related to the research questions and interpreted on the number of issues raised by respondents. It is recommended that procedures for seeking permission be outlined by the Ghana Education Service to facilitate easy permission processes and to reduce the stress associated with seeking permission for organizing field trips for teachers and students in Senior High Schools. It is also recommended that students should be educated more and more by their Social Studies teachers on the importance of embarking on field trips to eliminate the lukewarm attitudes of some of the students. It is recommended that the Regional and District directors of education should ensure constant and effective supervision of teachers to encourage the use of field trips as a teaching strategy for the evaluate Social Studies lessons.

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Open Access November 30, 2022

An Appraisal of Junior High School Learners Perception in Using Flipped Classroom Model in Learning Social Studies Lessons

George Ebanyenle Ackah, Hippolyt Dickson Angbing, Selina Gyamfuah

Universal Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2022, 2(4), 210-218. DOI: 10.31586/ujssh.2022.545

Abstract Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of Junior High School learners in using flipped classroom model in learning Social Studies in Aowin Municipality in the western north region of Ghana. Qualitatively, descriptive survey design was used for this study. The population of the comprised junior high school students of Enchi Methodist School. Convenient and [...] Read more.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of Junior High School learners in using flipped classroom model in learning Social Studies in Aowin Municipality in the western north region of Ghana. Qualitatively, descriptive survey design was used for this study. The population of the comprised junior high school students of Enchi Methodist School. Convenient and purposive sampling techniques were used to select both the school and fifty (50) respondents for the study. The main instrument used for data collection was questionnaire. The questionnaire was made up of four-point Likert closed-ended statements that required learners to tick, where appropriate, their responses. The data were analysed using the SPSS software package. The data was edited, coded and analysed into frequencies, percentages with interpretations. The study concluded that, Junior High School Social Studies learners have a generally positive perception regarding the use of the flipped classroom model to learn Social Studies. This implies that, students positively respond to the use of flipped classroom as a teaching method. Since learners have a general positive perception of the use of the flipped classroom, it is recommended that teachers use the flipped classroom as a teaching method while parents are also encouraged to provide their wards with the necessary support such as phones and data to facilitate students’ learning.

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Open Access November 25, 2022

An Assessment of Safety Conditions in Kindergarten Schools in Ghana

Isaac Awortwe, Naa Korkor Larbi-Appaih, Regine Kwaw, Mary Nana Aba Mensah

Open Journal of Educational Research 2022, 2(6), 335-354. DOI: 10.31586/ojer.2022.539

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess safety conditions of learners in Kindergarten schools in Komenda Edina Eguafo Abirem (K.E.E.A) Municipality in the Central Region of Ghana. The qualitative research approach and the Instrumental Case Study Design were adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised public kindergarten teachers and schools in Komenda Edina Eguafo Abirem [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to assess safety conditions of learners in Kindergarten schools in Komenda Edina Eguafo Abirem (K.E.E.A) Municipality in the Central Region of Ghana. The qualitative research approach and the Instrumental Case Study Design were adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised public kindergarten teachers and schools in Komenda Edina Eguafo Abirem municipality in the Central Region of Ghana. Convenient and purposive sampling techniques were used to select sixteen (16) public kindergarten teachers and eight (8) kindergarten schools for the study. The semi-structured interview and observation checklist were the instruments utilized in the data collection for this study. The data were analysed and interpreted thematically using online qualitative software, Taguette version 1.3. The study indicated that, most kindergarten school buildings in the KEEA municipality pose threats to both learners and teachers as result of over-aged or poorly constructed buildings and isolated and bushy environment which attracts animals like lizards, wall geckos and poisonous snakes and psychological and emotional threat to both teachers and learners. It is recommended that, the Ministry of Education in collaboration with the Ghana Education Service should set up a School Supervision for Safety Department (SSSD) to control and oversee safety issues in the kindergarten schools in Ghana. The School Supervision for Safety Department should create awareness advocacy for school safety so that school safety becomes a nationwide concern. It is also recommended that, the School Supervision for Safety Department must liaise with other stakeholders to enforce frequent assessment of school buildings, infrastructure and materials for safety.

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Open Access November 21, 2022

An evaluation of Monitoring and Supervision in the Junior High Schools Curriculum Delivery in Ghana

Mary Nana Aba Mensah

Open Journal of Educational Research 2022, 2(6), 326-334. DOI: 10.31586/ojer.2022.529

Abstract Monitoring and supervision in schools is a very important aspect in the educational process. The purpose of the study was to examine monitoring and supervision of curriculum delivery in the Junior High Schools in Ejisu-Juaben Municipality of Ghana. Mixed method research approach was adopted for the study. The population f or this study was made up of teachers, head-teachers and the deputy director [...] Read more.

Monitoring and supervision in schools is a very important aspect in the educational process. The purpose of the study was to examine monitoring and supervision of curriculum delivery in the Junior High Schools in Ejisu-Juaben Municipality of Ghana. Mixed method research approach was adopted for the study. The population f or this study was made up of teachers, head-teachers and the deputy director in charge of supervision in the Ejisu-Juaben Municipality. Purp osive and convenient sampling techniques were employed to select the one-hundred and eighty-four respondents for the study. The main instruments for data collection were questionnaire and observation. The study revealed that monitoring and supervision was more or less just conformance to stipulated regulations and that teachers and head-teachers must comply without necessarily ensuring staff development to reduce limitations. The study also indicated that there is high level of impact of monitoring and supervision on Junior High Schools’ curriculum implementation in Ejisu-Juaben Municipality over the past years. It is recommended that, f or good performance, appraisal should be done at least by the end of every school term to ascertain staff performance on their j ob. It is also recommended that, for improvement of curriculum implementation, school heads should improve on; frequency coordination of all departments of the organization of visiting less on sessions, checking teachers’ less on notes, inviting teachers to observe him/her teach and checking students’ assignments, class exercises and pupils project work to ensure regular marking of exercise takes place.

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Open Access November 14, 2022

An Evaluation of Glycaemic Load in the Assortments of Fufu in Ghana

Christabel Amponsah Adu-Gyamfi

Universal Journal of Food Science and Technology 2022, 1(1), 12-32. DOI: 10.31586/ujfst.2022.528

Abstract Knowledge about the glycaemic load of a food is very important in minimizing the prevalence of diabetes and other Non-Communicable Diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the glycaemic load of the different varieties of fufu in the Wenchi municipality in Ghana. Quantitatively, the study adopted a crossover experimental research design. The research was carried out in Wenchi, the [...] Read more.

Knowledge about the glycaemic load of a food is very important in minimizing the prevalence of diabetes and other Non-Communicable Diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the glycaemic load of the different varieties of fufu in the Wenchi municipality in Ghana. Quantitatively, the study adopted a crossover experimental research design. The research was carried out in Wenchi, the capital of the Wenchi Municipal Assembly, in the Bono Region. Convenience and purposive sampling techniques were used to select ten (10) healthy adults for blood glucose tests in this study. Materials used for the study were Fresh cassava, plantain, yam, and cocoyam. Descriptive analysis was used in analysing and interpretation of the data. Values were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 20.0. Proximate analysis of the study concluded that, plantain fufu contained the least carbohydrate content among the three fufu mixtures. The study also revealed that all fufu combinations had a high glycaemic load and this is as a result of the large portion size of fufu that is eaten at a serving. The glycaemic load of fufu combinations showed no significant difference, however, looking at the actual values, there are differences in them which should not be overlooked. It is recommended that consumers of fufu can eat any of the three mixtures of fufu, but there will be the need to take a smaller portion size of the fufu since a larger size can have adverse effects on their blood glucose level. It is also recommended that in other for fufu to be digested well and glucose to be absorbed easily, especially yam fufu, consumers should make sure to eat fufu at least about five hours before going to bed. It is recommended that nutritionists, dieticians, and diet therapists can as well recommend yam fufu and cocoyam fufu for diabetics and prediabetics, to bring about varieties in their diet.

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Open Access November 06, 2022

An Appraisal of Key Soap on Tensile Strength in Three Washing Cycles of Selected Printex Fabrics in Ghana

Anastasia Amenya

Journal of Art and Design 2022, 2(1), 43-53. DOI: 10.31586/jad.2022.513

Abstract The tensile strength is an imperative properties and essential indications consumers’ look out for in purchasing a quality fabric. The objective of this study was to examine key soap on tensile strength in three washing cycles of selected Printex fabrics in Ghana. Quantitatively, the study adopted both experimental and factorial research designs. Materials for the study consisted of three fabrics [...] Read more.

The tensile strength is an imperative properties and essential indications consumers’ look out for in purchasing a quality fabric. The objective of this study was to examine key soap on tensile strength in three washing cycles of selected Printex fabrics in Ghana. Quantitatively, the study adopted both experimental and factorial research designs. Materials for the study consisted of three fabrics with black prints and white as base colour were purchased from the market. These three fabrics had the same designs but two had different fabric finishes and the third one had no finish (plain, embossed and plisse). Six yards each of the Printex black and white fabrics with embossed, plisse and a third one which did not have any special fabric finish were used for the study. Key soap purchased from the Ghanaian market, and standard soap from Ghana Standard Authority was used for the study. Purposive and simple random techniques were used to select materials for the study. The main research instrument for the testing tensile strength was Universal tensile testing machine. Data were analysed with both descriptive and inferential statistics. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the hypothesis formulated to guide the study. The study revealed that continuous washing had degrading effects on the tensile strength. The implication is that continuous washing weakens the internal strengths of fabrics which cause them to fail or weakens their resistance to stress test. The study also found that continuous washing had degrading effects on the tensile strength of the selected fabrics. It is recommended that the Ghana Standards Authority should encourage soap producers to get their chemical compositions as close to those of the standardised soap as possible.

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Open Access November 04, 2022

Long Term Outcomes and Survivorship of Bilateral Lower Limb Arthroplasties in Patients with Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia

Darshan S Angadi, Ravi Kumar Mukartihal, Jacob Eapen, Preetam Raj Chandran, Bhavin Agrawal, Sharan S Patil

Global Journal of Orthopedics 2022, 1(1), 11-23. DOI: 10.31586/gjo.2022.430

Abstract Background: Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) a rare form of skeletal dysplasia with early-onset osteoarthritis affecting the hip and knee joints. There is paucity of evidence regarding the long term outcomes of arthroplasty in this patient cohort. This is the first study to describe the outcomes of bilateral arthroplasty of the hip and knee in patients with MED. Methods: A prospective study of patients with MED who underwent bilateral staged total hip arthroplasty (THA) and bilateral simultaneous total knee arthroplasty (TKA) between July 2013 to April 2014. Preoperative and postoperative clinical and radiographic assessment including functional outcomes namely Merle d’aubigne score, Harris hip score (HHS), Knee society score (KSS) and numeric rating scale (NRS) for pain were recorded in prospective database and evaluated. Results: 3 patients (female - 1 / male - 2) with MED who underwent bilateral lower limb arthroplasty of the hip and knee were reviewed periodically with an average followup of 7.31 years. Mean preoperative Merle d'Aubigné score (6.33 ± 0.58), HHS (31.83 ± 5.31) and KSS (28.67 ± 7.97) increased following bilateral lower limb arthroplasty with mean postoperative Merle d'Aubigné score (16.33 ± 0.58), HHS (84.33 ± 5.99) and KSS (86.33 ± 7.09) (P<0.001). Mean NRS decreased from 7.33 ± 0.58 in the preoperative period to 0.67 ± 0.58 at the most recent followup (P [...] Read more.

Background: Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) a rare form of skeletal dysplasia with early-onset osteoarthritis affecting the hip and knee joints. There is paucity of evidence regarding the long term outcomes of arthroplasty in this patient cohort. This is the first study to describe the outcomes of bilateral arthroplasty of the hip and knee in patients with MED. Methods: A prospective study of patients with MED who underwent bilateral staged total hip arthroplasty (THA) and bilateral simultaneous total knee arthroplasty (TKA) between July 2013 to April 2014. Preoperative and postoperative clinical and radiographic assessment including functional outcomes namely Merle d’aubigne score, Harris hip score (HHS), Knee society score (KSS) and numeric rating scale (NRS) for pain were recorded in prospective database and evaluated. Results: 3 patients (female - 1 / male - 2) with MED who underwent bilateral lower limb arthroplasty of the hip and knee were reviewed periodically with an average followup of 7.31 years. Mean preoperative Merle d'Aubigné score (6.33 ± 0.58), HHS (31.83 ± 5.31) and KSS (28.67 ± 7.97) increased following bilateral lower limb arthroplasty with mean postoperative Merle d'Aubigné score (16.33 ± 0.58), HHS (84.33 ± 5.99) and KSS (86.33 ± 7.09) (P<0.001). Mean NRS decreased from 7.33 ± 0.58 in the preoperative period to 0.67 ± 0.58 at the most recent followup (P<0.001). One patient had heterotrophic ossification following THA. There were no revisions. Conclusions: Bilateral lower limb arthroplasty of the hip and knee is a good treatment option to restore function and mobility in MED patients with advanced degenerative arthritis. Careful preoperative planning, meticulous surgical techniques, patient focussed postoperative rehabilitation with multidisciplinary team approach are vital to ensure good functional outcomes and implant survivorship.

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Open Access November 03, 2022

Evaluation of Social Studies Nature, Goals, and Objectives: Teachers Knowledge in Lesson Presentations

Nicholas Aning Boadu, Francis Tetteh-Osei, Collins Appiah, Theophilus Kweku Bassaw

Open Journal of Educational Research 2022, 2(6), 301-312. DOI: 10.31586/ojer.2022.493

Abstract The purpose of the study was to evaluate of Social Studies Teachers Knowledge in Nature, Goals, and Objectives in the Lesson Presentations The study adopted qualitative research approach. Data were collected through the use of individual interviews, observation and focus group discussions for triangulation purposes. Purposive, convenient and simple random sampling techniques were used to select [...] Read more.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate of Social Studies Teachers Knowledge in Nature, Goals, and Objectives in the Lesson Presentations The study adopted qualitative research approach. Data were collected through the use of individual interviews, observation and focus group discussions for triangulation purposes. Purposive, convenient and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the schools, teachers for the study. In all, seventeen (17) Social Studies teachers were selected from six (6) Senior High Schools. The study revealed that teachers were grossly deficient about the goals of Social Studies. To improve this system, it is recommended that the researchers suggests that the highest priority should be given to the training and development of a new breed of educator who are vocationally competent and academically sound. This can be done by heads of institutions to allow teachers who specialise in their respective areas to teach those subject areas at the various levels of education particularly Social Studies at the High school level.

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Open Access September 10, 2022

Pedagogical Knowledge Base of Religious and Moral Education Teachers in Assessing Students’ Academic Performance

Solomon Appiah

Open Journal of Educational Research 2022, 2(5), 262-273. DOI: 10.31586/ojer.2022.421

Abstract This study aimed to examine the pedagogical knowledge base of Religious and Moral Education teachers in assessing students’ academic performance. The research design used for this study was the correlational research design. 159 basic schools were selected to participate in the study. The population of the study comprised Religious and Moral Education (RME) teachers and second-year students in [...] Read more.

This study aimed to examine the pedagogical knowledge base of Religious and Moral Education teachers in assessing students’ academic performance. The research design used for this study was the correlational research design. 159 basic schools were selected to participate in the study. The population of the study comprised Religious and Moral Education (RME) teachers and second-year students in basic schools in the Komenda Edina Eguafo Abirem Municipality in the Central Region of Ghana. Purposive and random sampling techniques were used to select basic schools, Religious and Moral Education (RME) teachers, and students for the study. In all one hundred and seventy-five (175) RME teachers and three hundred and fifty-seven (357) students were selected for the study. The main instruments employed in the study were questionnaires and observation. The data was analysed through the computation of frequencies, percentages, mean of means distributions, and the calculation of correlation coefficient. Pearson’s Correlational Coefficient was used to describe the linear relationship between each of the variables. This was done with the use of computer software called Statistical Product for Service Solutions (SPSS). The study concluded that teachers possessed adequate knowledge about the use of pedagogy or instructional methods when it comes to the teaching of RME. However, as observed, teachers use of the existential approach and the life theme approach only, and, teachers did not make use of the concept cracking approach to teaching RME probably because they lacked adequate information about how to use them. It is recommended that the Ministry of Education, Ghana Education Service, and the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment should organise in-service training for teachers to be abreast with some of these contemporary pedagogies for the teaching of RME in Basic Schools and also make modules available for use at the Colleges of Education to train our upcoming teachers at the Basic Schools.

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Open Access August 20, 2022

Perceptions and Challenges in the Implementation of the In-In-Out Programme in the Selected Colleges of Education in Ghana

Enyonam Mansah Attimu-Eshun, Kennedy Ameyaw Baah, Grace Donkor, Peter Anytime

Open Journal of Educational Research 2022, 2(5), 222-232. DOI: 10.31586/ojer.2022.370

Abstract The purpose of the study was to assess the perceptions and challenges facing in the implementation process of the IN-IN-OUT programme in selected colleges of education in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The descriptive cross-sectional survey was employed as the research design in this study. The population was made up of supervisors, mentors, and mentees from St. Louis and Wesley Colleges of [...] Read more.

The purpose of the study was to assess the perceptions and challenges facing in the implementation process of the IN-IN-OUT programme in selected colleges of education in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The descriptive cross-sectional survey was employed as the research design in this study. The population was made up of supervisors, mentors, and mentees from St. Louis and Wesley Colleges of education who have been posted to various communities in the Ashanti Region of Ghana to practice teaching. Purposive and random Sampling techniques were used to select tutors, teacher-trainees, mentors and assemblymen in the practicing communities. The study's main data collection tools were questionnaires and interview and classroom observation protocols. The data collected were scored and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) computer software. Frequencies, percentages, and other measures of central tendencies were calculated. The study revealed that teacher-trainees, mentors, and assemblymen in the two (2) communities saw the IN-IN-OUT programme as useful to a large extent, even though they had varied opinions. While some say the program was merely useful, some see it as very useful and others saw the program as extremely useful. The study also revealed that the challenges faced by the various teacher trainees, mentors, and supervisors include social problems, financial difficulties, and time constraints. It is recommended that teacher trainees are posted to the rural and peri-urban communities, one can be sure that after their certification they will be fully prepared to face the challenges ahead of them. It is also recommended that the government and stakeholders should as a matter of urgency commit more money to this programme.

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Open Access August 20, 2022

Student-Athlete Burnout: A Division I Women’s Soccer Coach’s Perspective

Colin G. Pennington, Delaney Castor

Universal Journal of Sport Sciences 2022, 2(1), 25-33. DOI: 10.31586/ujss.2022.383

Abstract With numerous unique physical, mental, psychological, and emotional challenges associated with being a university-level student-athlete, it can be assumed that student-athletes may be at great risk of mental health conditions such as burnout. Burnout results from the interaction of three different elements: physical or emotional exhaustion, sport devaluation, and reduced athletic accomplishment. This study sought to answer the following research questions: (1) Why do student-athletes experience burnout in their sport?, and (2) What can be done to avoid burnout? using standard qualitative interviewing techniques of a Division I Women’s Soccer coach. There were two prominent themes answering research question 1: Perfection and Performative Social Media and It’s a Job and Coach is the Boss. There were three prominent themes identified answering research question 2: Parental Influence, De-Professionalize Amateur Sport, and Value Athletes’ Time [...] Read more.

With numerous unique physical, mental, psychological, and emotional challenges associated with being a university-level student-athlete, it can be assumed that student-athletes may be at great risk of mental health conditions such as burnout. Burnout results from the interaction of three different elements: physical or emotional exhaustion, sport devaluation, and reduced athletic accomplishment. This study sought to answer the following research questions: (1) Why do student-athletes experience burnout in their sport?, and (2) What can be done to avoid burnout? using standard qualitative interviewing techniques of a Division I Women’s Soccer coach. There were two prominent themes answering research question 1: Perfection and Performative Social Media and It’s a Job and Coach is the Boss. There were three prominent themes identified answering research question 2: Parental Influence, De-Professionalize Amateur Sport, and Value Athletes’ Time. Where this work differs from other qualitative studies regarding athlete burnout, is that it explores the perceptions and opinions of a coach. The coach interviewed for this study clearly expressed concerns for his student-athletes and their holistic well-being. In addition to a continuation of scholarship through the student-athletes lens, more research conducted exploring the perspectives of coaches, parents, and institutional administrators in pursuit of solutions to mitigating the effect of burnout on student-athletes is of value.

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Open Access August 08, 2022

Motives of Tourists': Socio-Economic and Challenges of Kwahu Easter Festival (KEF) in Ghana

Kate Gyasi, Anthony Bordoh, Samuel Otoo

Universal Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2022, 2(3), 176-185. DOI: 10.31586/ujssh.2022.397

Abstract The purpose of the study was to examine the Motives of Tourists; Socio-Economic and Challenges of tourism in Kwahu in the Eastern Region of Ghana The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised six (6) communities (Mpraeso, Atibie, Obomeng, Obo Oworobong, and Nketepa in Kwahu South District Assembly (KSDA) in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Purposive and [...] Read more.

The purpose of the study was to examine the Motives of Tourists; Socio-Economic and Challenges of tourism in Kwahu in the Eastern Region of Ghana The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised six (6) communities (Mpraeso, Atibie, Obomeng, Obo Oworobong, and Nketepa in Kwahu South District Assembly (KSDA) in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Purposive and convenient sampling techniques were employed to select two hundred (200) respondents for the study. The main instrument used for data collection was questionnaires. The study employed the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) to code and process the collected data. Descriptive and relational statistical techniques involving frequencies, percentages, summations, diagrams, and tables were employed in analysing the data. The Chi-square test analysis was used to explore the relationships and differences in perceptions. The study indicated that every tourist, whether local (Ghanaian) or foreign, had at least one of the following motives in mind for participating in the festival; To socialize; For relaxation; For education to participate and witness the paragliding festivals; To take photographs of festival scenes; Other motives like to sell items, especially souvenirs. The study also revealed that the KEF has had some positive socio-economic impact or implications on the area. These among others include: job creation, income generation for locals of the area, infrastructural development, and projection of the image of the area as the festival has become one of the biggest gatherings of revellers in the country, drawing people from all walks of life, nationally and internationally as a result of the introduction of paragliding since 2005, socialization enhancement, medium for cultural exchange and education, and finally serves as a medium for portraying the cultural identity of the people of Kwahu. The study also indicated that the major challenges encountered by tourists during the event were listed in order of degree of intensity: High cost of living, poor road network in the area, intermitted electricity and water supply, poor sanitary conditions in the area, poor health facilities, and unwelcoming attitude of some local residents of the festival area. It is recommended that, residents must be educated about the potential benefits of tourism as an industry helping to achieve sustainable community development. It is also recommended that Ghana tourism authority and Kwahu District Assembly should collaborate to improve on social amenities in the municipality to attract more foreign and local tourists during the festivity.

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Open Access August 01, 2022

Counselling as a Critical Tool in Managing Ill-Discipline in Colleges of Education in Ghana

Charles Fosu-Ayarkwah

Open Journal of Educational Research 2022, 2(4), 197-212. DOI: 10.31586/ojer.2022.382

Abstract Ill-discipline has become a canker that threatens the moral fibre of institutions. This study aimed to explore the comprehensive counselling approaches that could be used to manage ill-discipline acts in Colleges of Education in Ghana. A qualitative discourse analysis study design was employed in the study. In all, 25 respondents were purposively selected from five colleges of education for the [...] Read more.

Ill-discipline has become a canker that threatens the moral fibre of institutions. This study aimed to explore the comprehensive counselling approaches that could be used to manage ill-discipline acts in Colleges of Education in Ghana. A qualitative discourse analysis study design was employed in the study. In all, 25 respondents were purposively selected from five colleges of education for the study using a semi-structured interview guide. Data collected were transcribed, coded, categorised and qualitatively analysed under themes that emerged from the analysis using the thematic approach. The study revealed that several ill-discipline acts exist in colleges of education, with perversion being the most prevailing ill-discipline act. The study recommended that the college council and management should put adequate measures in place to strengthen Guidance and Counselling units in the colleges of education. The study also recommended that college counsellors should be equipped to use appropriate counselling approaches and techniques to counsel students to desist from indulging in ill-discipline acts.

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Open Access July 25, 2022

Techniques and Strategies Use in Assessing Social Studies Concepts

Patrick Kwarteng

Universal Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2022, 2(3), 144-159. DOI: 10.31586/ujssh.2022.381

Abstract The purpose of the study was to examine techniques and strategies use in assessing Social Studies concepts in the three senior high schools in Sefwi Wiawso Municipality in the Western North Region of Ghana. Qualitatively, the research design for this study was a Case study. The population for this study consisted of all ten (10) Social Studies teachers in three public Senior High Schools (Wiawso [...] Read more.

The purpose of the study was to examine techniques and strategies use in assessing Social Studies concepts in the three senior high schools in Sefwi Wiawso Municipality in the Western North Region of Ghana. Qualitatively, the research design for this study was a Case study. The population for this study consisted of all ten (10) Social Studies teachers in three public Senior High Schools (Wiawso Senior High School, Wiawso Senior/Technical school, and Asawinso senior high school) in Sefwi Wiawso municipality in the Western North Region of Ghana. Purposive and convenient sampling techniques were used to select municipalities, schools, and Social Studies teachers for the study. The main instrument used for data collection was interview. The data were edited before being analyzed in themes and pattern. Being a case study design in qualitative research, the researcher read through the data several times so as to familiarize with the data, making notes, referring back to the research question, making decisions whether to focus on individual responses or on topics. The interview data were interpreted to articulate meaning, making decisions on whether to use direct quotes or the summary of respondents’ responses and reporting the data considering the interest of various audiences. The study revealed that teachers used various teaching techniques such as brainstorming, simulation, discovery-learning, role-play discussion, dramatization, problem-solving, and building a community implies that they believed in child-centered method of the teaching and learning of Social Studies. The study also concluded that Social Studies teachers use techniques and strategies like concept attainment, field trips, and debate co-operative learning in motivating and providing learners with the opportunity to interact with their own community or environment. It is recommended that Social Studies teachers should make effort either to go on field trips or make use of available experts that are in their communities by inviting them into the Social Studies classrooms to tap into their rich knowledge to enhance concept learning. It is also recommended that frequent seminars and periodic or regular in-service training should be organised by the Ghana Education Service to help Social Studies teachers to acquaint themselves with the modern teaching techniques and strategies that promote the teaching and learning of Social Studies concepts.

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Open Access July 13, 2022

Practical Teaching Model in Double Indicator Titration: Influences on Academic Achievement of Chemistry Students

Desmond Adarkwah, Leticia Peace Amenorfe, Delphine Abla Azumah

Online Journal of Chemistry 2022, 2(1), 53-69. DOI: 10.31586/ojc.2022.364

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate a practical model in teaching double indicator titration in chemistry in the senior high schools in Ghana Research design for the study was Action research. The population was made up of chemistry teachers and students. in four senior high schools with two schools located in the Kwaebibirim District and two senior high schools located in the Denkyembuo [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a practical model in teaching double indicator titration in chemistry in the senior high schools in Ghana Research design for the study was Action research. The population was made up of chemistry teachers and students. in four senior high schools with two schools located in the Kwaebibirim District and two senior high schools located in the Denkyembuo District of the Eastern Region of Ghana. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the respondents for the study. The sample comprised of twenty-five (25) chemistry teachers and one hundred and fifty (150) students in the four Senior High schools. The study indicated that Chemistry teachers would improve upon the academic performance of chemistry students in double indicator titration when they use the developed practical teaching model (DEPTEM) more. The main instruments used in this study were classroom observational checklists and questionnaires. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) were used to analyze the data gathered. Coding schemes were developed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (version 21) to organize the data into meaningful and manageable categories. The study also revealed that the outcome of the post-test indicated that, the DEPTEM impact differently on the academic performance of SHS male and female chemistry students in the Kwaebibirim and Denkyembuo Districts of the Eastern Region. It is recommended that the government and non-governmental organizations should collaborate with the Ministry of Education to sponsor in production of more of the developed practical model (DEPTEM) for teaching chemistry lessons. This in a way would help improve the academic performance of chemistry students in the Kwaebibirim and Denkyembuo Districts of the Eastern Region and the nation at large. It is also recommended that chemistry teachers should consider teaching methods that would equally cater to both male and female chemistry students during chemistry lessons.

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Open Access July 05, 2022

Farmers’ Perceptions on the Impacts of Climate Change (CC) on Crops Output

Isaac Verberk Mensah, Samuel Kingsford Twene, Eric Kofi Adjei

Universal Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2022, 2(3), 119-132. DOI: 10.31586/ujssh.2022.355

Abstract The study aimed at examining farmers’ perceptions on the impacts of climate change on food crops and the farming practices that contribute to climate change (CC) in Bibiani – Ahwiaso – Bekwai municipality of Western North Region of Ghana. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used for this study. The population of the study consisted of the number of households in six communities (Hwenampori, [...] Read more.

The study aimed at examining farmers’ perceptions on the impacts of climate change on food crops and the farming practices that contribute to climate change (CC) in Bibiani – Ahwiaso – Bekwai municipality of Western North Region of Ghana. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used for this study. The population of the study consisted of the number of households in six communities (Hwenampori, Wenchi, Tanoso, Awaso-Asempanaye, Kunkumso, and Sefwi Bekwai), officials from MoFA, GMA, and heads of households who are food crop farmers from the study area. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select respondents for the study. 231 respondents were selected and contacted for information to aid them in the study. The main instruments for data collection were the administration of questionnaires to farmers, organization of focus group discussions with key informants, the use of structured interview guides on MoFA directorates and direct observation of some farms. The primary and secondary data were sourced mainly from household heads from the study communities who are in the production of maize, cassava, and plantain. Pearson Chi-Square and Cross-tabulation of the IBM SPSS Version 20 were also used in performing descriptive statistical analysis. The study revealed that the output of maize, cassava, and plantain have all proved to be negatively impacted by changes in rainfall and temperature patterns with a more significant impact observed from maize responses to temperature. The study also indicated that the impact of climate change may affect the crops at any stage of the production process right from the land preparation to the maturity stage of crops but the more profound effect is observed at fruit development and maturation stages. The study indicated that changes in temperature affect crop yield, especially during the fruit/seed development stage. The study revealed that most farmers (about 92.2%) have observed climate change in the study area and indicated events like unpredictable rainfall patterns, excessively high temperatures and strong winds. It is recommended that capacity building and awareness creation should be enhanced by GMA and MoFA through the media to ensure that communication about climate change and food security is meaningful. This means that education on diversification of farming methods has not been enough if there is any at all in the area. Awareness creation, therefore, allows people to make informed and responsible decisions toward sustainable farming practices which will lead to food security and also environmental sustainability.

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Abstract Paper is widely used in packaging applications and is biodegradable and therefore perfectly safe as green packaging wrap for the environment. The hydrophilic nature of cellulose fibrils limits the water vapour and oxygen barrier properties of paper. To mitigate these limitations, paper is often associated with other materials, such as plastics, wax and aluminum, for achieving their good barrier [...] Read more.

Paper is widely used in packaging applications and is biodegradable and therefore perfectly safe as green packaging wrap for the environment. The hydrophilic nature of cellulose fibrils limits the water vapour and oxygen barrier properties of paper. To mitigate these limitations, paper is often associated with other materials, such as plastics, wax and aluminum, for achieving their good barrier properties. However, these materials suffer from serious environmental issues, as difficult and inefficient to recycle. Recently, cellulose nanofibre (CNF) based materials has been considered as an alternative to produce eco-friendly barrier materials. Existing techniques to prepare cellulose nanofibre films/sheets/composites/ laminates on the paper substrates are commercially not feasible and expensive. Therefore, other cost effective and readily implementable methodologies are required to achieve cellulose nanofibre barrier layers. In the present report, a novel approach is developed using spray coating technique to produce CNF materials with excellent barrier properties. Among many coating techniques, the spray coating has many advantages such as the production of even coating surface on the base sheet and contactless coating with the substrate. A laboratory scale spray coating of cellulose nanofibre suspension on a paper substrate was developed. When the cellulose nanofibre suspension concentration was varied from 0.5 to 1.5 wt. %, coat weight is increased from 2.9±0.7 to 29.3±6.9 g/m². As a result, the air permeability of composite was decreased 0.78±0.17 to <0.0030 µm/Pa.s. Scanning electron microscopy studies of spray coated CNF laminates on the paper confirms that the surface pores in the paper substrates are filled with sprayed cellulose nanofibre and forms a continuous film on the surface of the substrate. These are the probable reasons for the reduction of air permeability of composites. A rapid preparation technique to prepare free standing cellulose nanofibre films/sheets was also developed using a bench scale spray coating system. Cellulose nanofibre suspension with concentration ranging from 1 to 2 wt% was sprayed onto a stainless steel plate, which is moving on a conveyor at a velocity of 0.32 cm/sec and then air dried. The basis weight of produced cellulose nanofibre films is varied from 52.8±7.4 to 193.1±3.4 g/m². Processing time taken to prepare films was approximately 1.0 min, which is much less than processing times reported in the previous literature. Thus, the significant reduction in preparation time for producing the cellulose nanofibre sheet recommends that this spray coating technique can be utilized for the development of a scalable process for the fabrication of various cellulose based nanocomposite. Therefore, the laboratory scale spray coating confirms that the spraying could provide a platform for development of films/sheets/nanocomposite and also a CNF barrier layer on the base sheet. The future work is the development of a continuous spray coating of cellulose nanofibre on the base sheet and evaluation of mechanical and barrier properties spray coated barrier layers on the base sheet.

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