Search - Scientific Publications

Open Access September 09, 2025

Biopsy-Negative Giant Cell Arteritis Presenting as Stroke Mimic with Vision Loss and Complex Vascular Disease

Mohamed M. Khamis, Daniel Goering

Global Journal of Medical Case Reports 2025, 5(1), 29-35. DOI: 10.31586/gjmcr.2025.6177

Abstract A man in his 60s with multiple vascular comorbidities presented with sudden, painless vision loss in one eye. Although he had a high risk for atherosclerotic events, initial evaluation for stroke was negative for acute ischemia, but found to have markedly elevated inflammatory markers. Accordingly, giant cell arteritis was investigated and Ophthalmologic findings and fulfillment of the 2022 [...] Read more.

A man in his 60s with multiple vascular comorbidities presented with sudden, painless vision loss in one eye. Although he had a high risk for atherosclerotic events, initial evaluation for stroke was negative for acute ischemia, but found to have markedly elevated inflammatory markers. Accordingly, giant cell arteritis was investigated and Ophthalmologic findings and fulfillment of the 2022 American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology classification criteria supported the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis, despite a negative temporal artery biopsy. Management included high-dose glucocorticoids and delayed tocilizumab initiation due to the need for multiple vascular surgeries. Vision loss was irreversible, but systemic symptoms resolved and vascular interventions were successful. This case highlights the diagnostic and management complexities of biopsy-negative giant cell arteritis in patients with severe atherosclerotic vascular disease, emphasizing the importance of clinical judgment and established classification criteria when imaging and biopsy results are inconclusive.

Figures

Figure 1

PDF Html Xml

Case Report

Open Access June 26, 2025

The Relationship Between Lymphocyte Count and Mortality in Patients with Dysphagia

Min Wei, Chengming Ke, Sumin Wu

World Journal of Clinical Medicine Research 2025, 5(1), 40-51. DOI: 10.31586/wjcmr.2025.6128

Abstract Background: Dysphagia is a common functional impairment in elderly populations, often leading to severe complications such as malnutrition and aspiration pneumonia, significantly increasing healthcare burdens. Currently, effective prognostic assessment tools are lacking. The absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), a biomarker reflecting immune-nutritional status, has potential predictive value in this context, though its role in dysphagia prognosis remains unclear. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 253 dysphagic patients who received percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) or total parenteral nutrition (TPN) between 2014 and 2017. Five patients with missing ALC were excluded. Cox regression models assessed the association between ALC and mortality. ALC was analyzed as both continuous variable (using restriocted cubic splines) and categorical tertiles, with additional threshold analyses to assess non-linearity. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and subgroup analyses were also performed. Results: Lower ALC was associated with poorer nutritional status, higher inflammatory markers, and greater comorbidity burden. Higher ALC was independently associated with reduced mortality (adjusted HR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.44–0.83; p = 0.002). Patients in the highest tertile had significantly better survival than those in the lowest (HR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.23–0.59; P < 0.001). A non-linear threshold effect was identified at ALC = 1.899×10⁹/L (p for non-linearity = 0.009). Kaplan–Meier analysis confirmed improved survival with higher ALC (p [...] Read more.

Background: Dysphagia is a common functional impairment in elderly populations, often leading to severe complications such as malnutrition and aspiration pneumonia, significantly increasing healthcare burdens. Currently, effective prognostic assessment tools are lacking. The absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), a biomarker reflecting immune-nutritional status, has potential predictive value in this context, though its role in dysphagia prognosis remains unclear. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 253 dysphagic patients who received percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) or total parenteral nutrition (TPN) between 2014 and 2017. Five patients with missing ALC were excluded. Cox regression models assessed the association between ALC and mortality. ALC was analyzed as both continuous variable (using restriocted cubic splines) and categorical tertiles, with additional threshold analyses to assess non-linearity. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and subgroup analyses were also performed. Results: Lower ALC was associated with poorer nutritional status, higher inflammatory markers, and greater comorbidity burden. Higher ALC was independently associated with reduced mortality (adjusted HR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.44–0.83; p = 0.002). Patients in the highest tertile had significantly better survival than those in the lowest (HR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.23–0.59; P < 0.001). A non-linear threshold effect was identified at ALC = 1.899×10⁹/L (p for non-linearity = 0.009). Kaplan–Meier analysis confirmed improved survival with higher ALC (p < 0.0001). Subgroup analyses showed the protective effect of higher ALC was consistent across age, sex, BMI, PEG use, and comorbidity strata, with no significant interactions. Conclusions: ALC is an independent, non-linear predictor of mortality in older dysphagic patients and may aid clinical risk stratification across diverse patient subgroups.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access June 19, 2025

Current Status of Legionnaires' Disease and Environmental Factors in Japan

Masafumi Seki

Global Journal of Epidemiology and Infectious Disease 2025, 5(1), 24-27. DOI: 10.31586/gjeid.2025.6129

Abstract Legionnaires' disease became widely known following an outbreak of pneumonia in the United States in 1976. It is often caused by infection from artificial water sources such as cooling towers, water supply and heating systems, and recirculating hot tubs. To effectively implement infection prevention measures for Legionnaires' disease, collaboration among healthcare workers, water supply and [...] Read more.

Legionnaires' disease became widely known following an outbreak of pneumonia in the United States in 1976. It is often caused by infection from artificial water sources such as cooling towers, water supply and heating systems, and recirculating hot tubs. To effectively implement infection prevention measures for Legionnaires' disease, collaboration among healthcare workers, water supply and heating system managers, building hygiene personnel, and other relevant parties is essential. It is important to note that outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease continue to occur frequently both domestically and internationally. While the number of reported cases of Legionnaires' disease in Japan has increased, the mortality rate has decreased but has stabilized at a lower level. Caution is also required as reports have been made in association with disasters and travel, in addition to artificial environmental water.

Figures

Figure 1

PDF Html Xml

Review Article

Open Access June 02, 2025

Residual Sets and the Density of Binary Goldbach Representations

Daniel Sankei, Loyford Njagi, Josephine Mutembei, Grace Gakii

Journal of Mathematics Letters 2025, 3(1), 1-21. DOI: 10.31586/jml.2025.6091

Abstract A residual-set framework is introduced for analyzing additive prime conjectures, with particular emphasis on the Strong Goldbach Conjecture (SGC). For each even integer

E_{n} \geq 4

, the residual set [...] Read more.

A residual-set framework is introduced for analyzing additive prime conjectures, with particular emphasis on the Strong Goldbach Conjecture (SGC). For each even integer

E_{n} \geq 4

, the residual set

ℛ (E_{n}) = {E_{n} - p ∣

p < E_{n}, p \in ℙ}

is defined, and the universal residual set

ℛ_{E} = {\cup^{​}}_{E_{n}} ℛ (E_{n})

is constructed. It is shown that

ℛ_{E}

contains infinitely many primes. A nontrivial constructive lower bound is derived, establishing that the number of Goldbach partitions satisfies

G (E) \geq 2

for all

E \geq 8

, and that the cumulative partition count satisfies

\sum_{E \leq N} G (E) ≫ \frac{N^{2}}{{log}^{4} N}

. An optimized deterministic algorithm is implemented to verify the SGC for even integers up to 16,000 digits. Each computed partition

E_{n} = p + q

is validated using elliptic curve primality testing, and no exceptions are observed. Runtime variability observed in the empirical tests corresponds with known fluctuations in prime density and modular residue distribution. A recursive construction is formulated for generating Goldbach partitions, using residual descent and leveraging properties of the residual sets. The method extends naturally to Lemoine's Conjecture, asserting that every odd integer

n \geq 7

can be expressed as

n = p + 2 q

, where

p, q \in ℙ

. A corresponding residual formulation is developed, and it is proven that at least two valid partitions exist for all

n \geq 9

. Comparative analysis with the Hardy-Littlewood and Chen estimates is provided to contextualize the cumulative growth rate. The residual-set methodology offers a deterministic, scalable, and structurally grounded approach to additive problems in prime number theory, supported by both theoretical results and large-scale computational evidence.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access May 13, 2025

Geochemistry distributions and statistics analysis of REE in stream sediments from the watershed west of Mambaka (Adamawa Plateau, Cameroun)

Roland William Edima Yana, Lise Carole Okomo Atouba, Fagny Aminatou Mefire, Oumar Hamit Djiddi, Adama Haman, Anicet Ango Ella, Faarouk Oumarou Nkouandou

World Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences 2025, 4(1), 12-28. DOI: 10.31586/wjgg.2025.6101

Abstract The Mambaka watershed is extends between latitudes 1 3°45'E and 14°15'E and longitudes 7°16'N and 6°45'N. The geology, various tectonic and structural events that have affected the Adamawa Plateau in Cameroon make it rich in multi-substance mining. The objective of this study is to map rare earth (REE) geochemical anomalies in the sediments of the watershed streams west of Mambaka, and to trace [...] Read more.

The Mambaka watershed is extends between latitudes 1 3°45'E and 14°15'E and longitudes 7°16'N and 6°45'N. The geology, various tectonic and structural events that have affected the Adamawa Plateau in Cameroon make it rich in multi-substance mining. The objective of this study is to map rare earth (REE) geochemical anomalies in the sediments of the watershed streams west of Mambaka, and to trace their origins and geochemical processes. Predictive maps from inverse distance interpolations (IDW), factor analysis (F1) or principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical bottom-up classification maps provided a better understanding of the central tendency, distribution and dispersion of REE in the samples and in the study area, based on standard deviation and variance values that generated two factors F1 (Ho-Tm-Er-Yb-Lu-Dy-Tb-Gd-Eu-Sm) and F2 (Pr-Nd-Ce-La-Sm) representing 92.44% of the total cumulative variance. The ratios Ce/Ce* > 0.78 and Eu/Eu* > 1 demonstrate positive anomalies in Ce and Eu, and clear differentiation. The normalized concentrations used to calculate fractionation ratios show that the values for LaN/YbN (0.58 to 1.34), LaN/SmN (0.61 to 0.88) and LaN/LuN (0.62 to 1.43) suggest higher fractionation in SS09 and lower fractionation in SS01. Similarly, the ratios La/Lu (61.71 to 143.46), La/Yb (9.00 to 20.72), La/Sm (4.02 to 5.83) and La/ Lu (61.71 to 143.46) confirm these higher ratios in SS09 and lower in SS01. The REE in the study area comes from hydrothermal processes based on high lineament densities at sampling points in igneous rocks with a mean ∑REE value of between 174-219 ppm.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access April 30, 2025

Psychological Flexibility and Cardiovascular Health Behaviors Among Filipino Outpatients: A Correlational Study

Zander Antonio, Ronalyn Topacio, Aqeel Al-Mahdaly Steven Zheng, Roison Andro Narvaez, Marilane Ferrer

World Journal of Nursing Research 2025, 4(1), 67-76. DOI: 10.31586/wjnr.2025.6090

Abstract (1) Background: Psychological flexibility, the ability to adapt to changing demands while staying true to personal values, is linked to better health behaviors. However, its relationship with cardiovascular health behaviors, particularly in Filipino populations, remains underexplored. (2) Aim: This study aimed to examine the relationship between psychological flexibility and [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Psychological flexibility, the ability to adapt to changing demands while staying true to personal values, is linked to better health behaviors. However, its relationship with cardiovascular health behaviors, particularly in Filipino populations, remains underexplored. (2) Aim: This study aimed to examine the relationship between psychological flexibility and cardiovascular health behaviors among outpatients in Rizal, Philippines, focusing on BMI, smoking, physical activity, and dietary habits. (3) Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational design was used with 100 outpatient participants from selected hospitals. Psychological flexibility was measured using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), and cardiovascular health behaviors were assessed using a modified version of the American Heart Association’s Life Simple 7 tool. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation were applied. (4) Results: The findings showed that respondents had neutral levels of psychological flexibility. While most exhibited intermediate BMI and physical activity, dietary habits varied. A significant positive correlation was found between psychological flexibility and whole grain consumption. However, no significant associations were found with BMI, smoking, or physical activity. (5) Conclusions: Psychological flexibility appears to influence specific health behaviors, such as dietary choices, but does not strongly correlate with other cardiovascular health behaviors. Further research is needed to explore its broader role in cardiovascular disease prevention.

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access April 10, 2025

Assessment of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Sokoine University Students Regarding Endocrine Disruptors Coming from Plastic Chemicals

Athuman Rashid Said, Frida Richard Mgonja

Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences 2025, 5(1), 58-66. DOI: 10.31586/jbls.2025.1274

Abstract Objective: The knowledge, attitudes, and practices of SUA students about the use of plastics containing endocrine disruptors were investigated in this study. Methodology: A study with 150 participants was conducted to assess individuals' knowledge about endocrine disruptors, attitudes, and plastic use practices. Results: The findings indicate that the participants possessed an [...] Read more.

Objective: The knowledge, attitudes, and practices of SUA students about the use of plastics containing endocrine disruptors were investigated in this study. Methodology: A study with 150 participants was conducted to assess individuals' knowledge about endocrine disruptors, attitudes, and plastic use practices. Results: The findings indicate that the participants possessed an average degree of knowledge 50.2 ± 3.85 with the main emphasis of awareness being generic concepts rather than specific substances. Regarding the potential health impacts of endocrine-disrupting chemicals present in plastics, respondents' attitudes ranged from fair to positive, with a mean score of 3.5 ±0.09 indicating a fair attitude overall. Conclusion: It is important to practice polite behavior and increase public awareness of safe plastic disposal methods. Surprising only 38.0% of the participants mentioned that they refrain from heating their food in plastic containers to reduce their exposure to plastics. Students' practices revealed a notable dependence on plastic products despite their awareness of the concerns surrounding endocrine disruptors, as most of them reported using plastic water bottles, plastic cups, and plastic bags almost always. Additionally, only 20.7% of the respondents consistently implemented strategies to prevent exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Recommendation: The study recommended increasing the use of cleaner plastic substitutes and improving educational programs to convert information into practical actions. Policies that encourage environmentally friendly behavior and raise public awareness of safe plastic disposal techniques should be put into practice.

Figures

Figure 1

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access March 29, 2025

The Role of Type 3 Diabetes in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of Current Evidence

Mary Miliza Dagus, Vanessa Lacambra, Judith Magalona, Roison Andro Narvaez, Myra Katrina Paredes

World Journal of Nursing Research 2025, 4(1), 47-64. DOI: 10.31586/wjnr.2025.6068

Abstract Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) are increasingly linked through shared pathophysiological mechanisms, giving rise to the concept of Type 3 Diabetes Mellitus (T3DM). Brain insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation are central to both conditions, contributing to cognitive decline and AD progression. Aim: This review aims to [...] Read more.

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) are increasingly linked through shared pathophysiological mechanisms, giving rise to the concept of Type 3 Diabetes Mellitus (T3DM). Brain insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation are central to both conditions, contributing to cognitive decline and AD progression. Aim: This review aims to explore this emerging relationship and its implications for prevention and management. Methods: Using an integrative review, 21 studies were systematically analyzed. The review focused on identifying demographic, genetic, and lifestyle factors contributing to T2DM and AD and examined shared molecular pathways such as insulin dysregulation and amyloid-beta accumulation. Results: The findings reveal that T3DM shares key features with T2DM and AD, including insulin resistance and chronic inflammation. Lifestyle interventions, such as diet and exercise, alongside routine cognitive and metabolic screenings, are critical in mitigating progression. Conclusions: Further research into diagnostic biomarkers and targeted therapies is essential to manage T3DM and its impact on AD. The role of nursing professionals in early detection, education, and holistic management is emphasized as vital in addressing this dual disease burden. This review offers actionable insights into integrated strategies for addressing these interconnected conditions.

Figures

Figure 1

PDF Html Xml

Review Article

Open Access March 06, 2025

Impact of Food Security on Dietary Diversity and Nutritional Intake Among Pregnant Women in Low-Resource Settings

Abeer Mohammad Hossain, Zubaida Iftekhar, Rajib Das, Sujit Kumar Banik, Mohammad Shamsul Huda, Abu Ansar Md Rizwan

Universal Journal of Food Security 2025, 2(1), 1-12. DOI: 10.31586/ujfs.2025.6038

Abstract Background: Food security and dietary diversity are essential determinants of maternal health, particularly among pregnant women in refugee populations who face heightened vulnerabilities due to displacement and inadequate living conditions. This study examines the impact of food security on dietary diversity and nutritional intake among pregnant Rohingya women residing in the makeshift [...] Read more.

Background: Food security and dietary diversity are essential determinants of maternal health, particularly among pregnant women in refugee populations who face heightened vulnerabilities due to displacement and inadequate living conditions. This study examines the impact of food security on dietary diversity and nutritional intake among pregnant Rohingya women residing in the makeshift camps of Ukhiya, Cox’s Bazar. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 96 pregnant Rohingya women from June to September 2022. Data were collected using structured questionnaires assessing socio-demographic characteristics, food security, and dietary diversity. Food security was evaluated using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), while dietary diversity was assessed through a 24-hour dietary recall and a 7-day food frequency questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 26) and Stata (Version 13), employing descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to examine associations. Results: Most participants (57.3%) were food secure, and 85.4% demonstrated high dietary diversity, consuming seven or more food groups. However, 21.9% of households experienced severe food insecurity, highlighting ongoing challenges in food access. The highest consumption was observed for starch, flesh foods, dark green leafy vegetables, and vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables (99.0%), while dairy products (69.8%) and organ meat (34.4%) were consumed less frequently. Despite high dietary diversity, severe food insecurity persists, indicating gaps in food assistance programs. Conclusions: While food support programs appear to contribute to high dietary diversity among pregnant Rohingya women, severe food insecurity remains a significant concern. Strengthening food security interventions, improving access to diverse nutrient-rich foods, and integrating sustainable food assistance models are essential to addressing these challenges. Future research should explore long-term strategies to enhance food security and assess the impact of targeted nutritional interventions on maternal health outcomes in refugee settings.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access February 21, 2025

Diminished Returns of Educational Attainment on Unpaid and Paid Maternity Leave of Mothers Giving Birth in Poverty

Shervin Assari, Mojgan Azadi, Hossein Zare

Universal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2025, 4(1), 1-11. DOI: 10.31586/ujog.2025.1240

Abstract Background: Maternity leave, whether paid or unpaid, is a critical resource that can significantly impact maternal well-being and newborn outcomes. However, its availability and utilization among mothers living in poverty remain understudied. Education is widely recognized as a key factor that increases access to both paid and unpaid leave. However, the theory of Minorities’ [...] Read more.

Background: Maternity leave, whether paid or unpaid, is a critical resource that can significantly impact maternal well-being and newborn outcomes. However, its availability and utilization among mothers living in poverty remain understudied. Education is widely recognized as a key factor that increases access to both paid and unpaid leave. However, the theory of Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs) posits that structural racism, segregation, and labor market discrimination limit the benefits of socioeconomic resources, such as education, for Black and Latino individuals. This suggests that the effects of education on maternity leave may not be uniform across racial and ethnic groups. Objective: This study aimed to examine the MDRs of education on access to unpaid and paid maternity leave among Black and Latino mothers compared to White mothers giving birth while living in poverty. Methods: We utilized baseline data from the Baby’s First Years Study (BFY), a longitudinal investigation of the effects of poverty on child development. The sample consisted of 1,050 mothers living in poverty who had recently given birth. Maternity leave (paid and unpaid) was assessed via self-report, and educational attainment was measured in years of schooling. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and interaction terms were employed to analyze racial and ethnic differences in the relationship between education and access to maternity leave. Results: Educational attainment was positively associated with access to unpaid maternity leave for the overall sample of mothers giving birth in poverty, but this association was weaker for Black and Latino mothers compared to non-Latino White mothers. Education did not significantly increase the likelihood of paid maternity leave, and there were no group differences for this association. Conclusion: This study highlights the urgent needs to address structural racism, labor market discrimination, and residential segregation that diminish the impact of education on living conditions for Black and Latino mothers, compared to non-Latino White mothers, even for those living under poverty. Policymakers and practitioners should develop targeted interventions to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in access to paid and unpaid maternity leave and other critical resources, particularly for new mothers living in poverty. Addressing these inequities is essential for improving maternal and newborn health outcomes and promoting social justice.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access February 15, 2025

Knowledge related to umbilical cord care among mothers of neonates attending outpatient departments in Sherpur district, Bangladesh

Md Tamim Islam, Tanzina Akter, Md Omar Faruk, Rima Rani, Jinnat Haq Nipo, Akhi Roy Mita, Abu Ansar Md Rizwan

Open Journal of Medical Sciences 2025, 5(1), 32-45. DOI: 10.31586/ojms.2025.1262

Abstract Background: Proper umbilical cord care prevents neonatal infections and reduces neonatal mortality. Despite global recommendations for evidence-based cord care practices, traditional beliefs, and inadequate maternal knowledge often lead to unsafe practices, particularly in low-resource settings like Bangladesh. This study aimed to assess the understanding of umbilical cord care among [...] Read more.

Background: Proper umbilical cord care prevents neonatal infections and reduces neonatal mortality. Despite global recommendations for evidence-based cord care practices, traditional beliefs, and inadequate maternal knowledge often lead to unsafe practices, particularly in low-resource settings like Bangladesh. This study aimed to assess the understanding of umbilical cord care among mothers of neonates in Sherpur District, Bangladesh, and identify factors associated with knowledge levels. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from July to October 2020 at Sherpur Sadar Hospital. A total of 193 mothers of neonates were recruited using a non-randomized purposive sampling method. Data was collected through a pre-tested, semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Knowledge levels were categorized as "Good" (>6) or "Poor" (≤6) based on responses to 10 structured questions. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and crude odds ratios (COR), were performed to identify socio-demographic factors associated with knowledge levels. Results: Of the 193 participants, 48.7% demonstrated "Good" knowledge, while 51.3% had "Poor" knowledge. Education level (p = 0.01), occupation (p = 0.02), family type (p < 0.001), and family size (p = 0.04) were significantly associated with knowledge levels. Mothers with higher education and those from joint families exhibited better knowledge. However, 28.5% of respondents were unaware of the typical umbilical cord-shedding timeframe, and 44% could not identify signs of infection. Unsafe practices, such as using medications (14.5%) or hot compression (7.2%) for drying the cord, were reported. Conclusion: The study reveals significant gaps in maternal knowledge regarding umbilical cord care in Sherpur District, driven by socio-demographic disparities and cultural practices. Targeted health education programs, emphasizing evidence-based cord care practices and leveraging local social structures, are urgently needed to improve neonatal health outcomes in similar resource-limited settings. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions to inform policy and practice.

Figures

Figure 1

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access February 07, 2025

Factors Affecting Pain Scale Preferences among Populations in Indonesia: Comparison Study between Suburban and Rural Areas

Kennytha Yoesdyanto, Henoch Gugun Parulian Siahaan, Yusak Mangara Tua Siahaan

Open Journal of Medical Sciences 2025, 5(1), 13-17. DOI: 10.31586/ojms.2025.1235

Abstract Introduction: Pain is considered as the fifth vital sign that should be considered in assessing patients. For clinicians to evaluate and determine the right pain interventions, there should be parameters such as pain scale. Our objective in this study is to determine factors affecting pain scale preferences in suburban and rural populations. The pain scales used in this study are FPS-R [...] Read more.

Introduction: Pain is considered as the fifth vital sign that should be considered in assessing patients. For clinicians to evaluate and determine the right pain interventions, there should be parameters such as pain scale. Our objective in this study is to determine factors affecting pain scale preferences in suburban and rural populations. The pain scales used in this study are FPS-R (Faces Pain Scale-Revised), VRS (Verbal Rating Scale), VAS (Visual Analogue Scale), and NRS (Numering Rating Scale). Method: This study uses observational design with an interview approach and a cross-sectional study. Areas covered are within Indonesia, which are marginal areas of Tangerang district border, and two rural areas in Serukam, West Kalimantan, and Soe, East Nusa Tenggara. Data collected will be analyzed using SPSS 25 software. Result: Populations within the suburban areas prefer NRS (52.08%) as their pain scale, and populations in rural areas prefer FPS-R 76.92%). Factors affecting pain scale preferences are location areas, as well as last education, with statistical significance of p<0.05. Discussion: Our study showed that the choice of several pain scales is not appropriate for specific demographics due to the complexity of these scales. Factors that should be considered are the location areas and education level, as some population in remote areas have better understanding of simpler pain scales. Conclusion: Complexity or simpler components may be an underlying reason for the preference of score selection to assess pain scales in some population. Therefore, the selection of pain scales should be adjusted to specific demographics so that clinicians can provide appropriate management with appropriate pain scales.

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access February 04, 2025

The Use of Differentiated Instruction to Achieve Culturally Responsive Teaching

Monica Gakii Ituma

Open Journal of Educational Research 2025, 5(1), 13-30. DOI: 10.31586/ojer.2025.1234

Abstract With an increasing diversity of learners in today’s educational set-ups, there is an insurmountable need to cater for individual differences including the cultural variations among learners. It is therefore necessary for educators to develop culturally responsive teaching that enhances intercultural competencies of learners. As educators strive to provide inclusive learning environments in which [...] Read more.

With an increasing diversity of learners in today’s educational set-ups, there is an insurmountable need to cater for individual differences including the cultural variations among learners. It is therefore necessary for educators to develop culturally responsive teaching that enhances intercultural competencies of learners. As educators strive to provide inclusive learning environments in which learners from diverse cultural backgrounds learn equitably, differentiated instruction becomes a practical tool. This paper explores how differentiated instruction can support and enhance culturally responsive teaching by examining how tailored instructional approaches can bridge cultural gaps and enhance educational outcomes. The aim is to provide a comprehensive understanding of how educators can effectively integrate differentiated instructional methodologies to achieve the goals of Culturally Responsive Teaching. The study used a descriptive survey design to determine the use of differentiated instruction by junior school teachers in Kenya and a systematic review of literature, practical examples, and studies on teachers’ practices in culturally responsive teaching. The study outcomes indicated that teachers used various differentiated instructional strategies with flexible grouping being the most commonly used strategy. However, there arises a concern, that teachers were not very familiar with cultural variations of learners in their classrooms even as they developed their differentiated instructional strategies. Literature provided the principles and practices of culturally responsive teaching. The combination of these results were used to formulate a conceptual framework for Culturally Responsive Differentiated Instruction (CRDI) that provides insights for practitioners to develop and implement culturally responsive differentiated instructional strategies. The study recommends that a framework to support teachers in the implementation of inclusive and equitable curriculum through CRDI be developed, CRDI be integrated into the teaching processes and the teachers be trained on providing for learner differences through CRDI.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access January 15, 2025

Prevalence and determinants of mental health stress among nursing students in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study

Tania Akter, Mst Habiba Benta Hasan, Most Nasrin Khatun, Abu Ansar Md Rizwan

World Journal of Nursing Research 2025, 4(1), 1-9. DOI: 10.31586/wjnr.2025.1227

Abstract Background: Nursing students are exposed to significant stress due to academic and clinical demands, which can adversely affect their mental health, academic performance, and future clinical competence. Despite the global acknowledgment of this issue, limited research has been conducted to explore the prevalence and determinants of stress among nursing students in Bangladesh. [...] Read more.

Background: Nursing students are exposed to significant stress due to academic and clinical demands, which can adversely affect their mental health, academic performance, and future clinical competence. Despite the global acknowledgment of this issue, limited research has been conducted to explore the prevalence and determinants of stress among nursing students in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2023 to February 2024 among 372 nursing students enrolled in selected nursing colleges in Bangladesh. A purposive sampling technique was used, and data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. The questionnaire assessed socio-demographic characteristics, academic challenges, and psychological symptoms, with mental health stress measured using a Likert scale. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used to analyze the data, with a 95% confidence interval applied to all analyses. Results: The findings revealed that 31.7% of nursing students experienced severe stress, 23.9% reported moderate stress, and 16.7% had mild stress. Age, academic semester, and course load difficulties were significantly associated with stress levels (p < 0.05). Psychological symptoms such as anxiety, difficulty concentrating, and loss of interest in activities were also significantly linked to higher stress levels. Notably, students in their first semester and those reporting harder course loads were more likely to experience stress. However, gender was not significantly associated with stress levels. Conclusions: This study underscores the high prevalence of stress among nursing students in Bangladesh, driven by academic and clinical challenges and psychological symptoms. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions, such as stress management training, enhanced mental health support, and policies to alleviate academic pressures. Future research should explore longitudinal trends in stress and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to support a resilient nursing workforce.

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access January 10, 2025

Artificial Immune Systems: A Bio-Inspired Paradigm for Computational Intelligence

Praveen Kumar Myakala, Chiranjeevi Bura, Anil Kumar Jonnalagadda

Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data 2025, 5(1), 1-13. DOI: 10.31586/jaibd.2025.1233

Abstract Artificial Immune Systems (AIS) are bio-inspired computational frameworks that emulate the adaptive mechanisms of the human immune system, such as self/non-self discrimination, clonal selection, and immune memory. These systems have demonstrated significant potential in addressing complex challenges across optimization, anomaly detection, and adaptive system control. This paper provides a [...] Read more.

Artificial Immune Systems (AIS) are bio-inspired computational frameworks that emulate the adaptive mechanisms of the human immune system, such as self/non-self discrimination, clonal selection, and immune memory. These systems have demonstrated significant potential in addressing complex challenges across optimization, anomaly detection, and adaptive system control. This paper provides a comprehensive exploration of AIS applications in domains such as cybersecurity, resource allocation, and autonomous systems, highlighting the growing importance of hybrid AIS models. Recent advancements, including integrations with machine learning, quantum computing, and bioinformatics, are discussed as solutions to scalability, high-dimensional data processing, and efficiency challenges. Core algorithms, such as the Negative Selection Algorithm (NSA) and Clonal Selection Algorithm (CSA), are examined, along with limitations in interpretability and compatibility with emerging AI paradigms. The paper concludes by proposing future research directions, emphasizing scalable hybrid frameworks, quantum-inspired approaches, and real-time adaptive systems, underscoring AIS's transformative potential across diverse computational fields.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access January 04, 2025

Knowledge Level of Street Fruit Vendors on Food Hygiene in the Tamale Metropolis

Patience Kpekurah

Universal Journal of Food Science and Technology 2025, 3(1), 1-11. DOI: 10.31586/ujfst.2025.1226

Abstract This study aimed to assess the knowledge level of street food vendors on hygiene in the Tamale metropolis in the Northern Region of Ghana. The study employed the health belief model as the theoretical basis. Quantitatively, the study employed a descriptive cross-sectional study design to examine the microbial load of street-cut fruits and assess the knowledge and practice of vendors of cut fruits [...] Read more.

This study aimed to assess the knowledge level of street food vendors on hygiene in the Tamale metropolis in the Northern Region of Ghana. The study employed the health belief model as the theoretical basis. Quantitatively, the study employed a descriptive cross-sectional study design to examine the microbial load of street-cut fruits and assess the knowledge and practice of vendors of cut fruits on personal and food hygiene in the study setting. The population consists of cut and vented pawpaw, watermelon, and street fruit vendors registered with the health directorate in the Tamale Metropolis. A convenient sampling technique was used to select 113 respondents for the study. The Yamane formula was used to determine the sample size to select one hundred and thirteen participants (113) out of one hundred and fifty-eight street fruit vendors in the Tamale Metropolis. The main instrument for data collection was a questionnaire. A questionnaire had close-ended questions which were developed using a 'Yes' and 'No' response, and a four-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1=Strongly Disagree (SD), 2=Disagree (D), 3=Agree (A) and 4= Strongly Agree (SA). The data were analysed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentages, means and standard deviation). The findings revealed that the overall knowledge level of respondents is low. The findings also indicate that vendors do not control the rate at which their customers touch their vended fruits. It is recommended that Street fruit vendors and handlers be educated on fruit hygiene practices through engagement by the Health Directorate Unit of Tamale Metropolis and the Ministry of Health. To keep consumers safe, the Tamale Metropolitan Assembly must strictly enforce compliance with regulations on operation permits and health clearance certificates. Metropolitan sanitation officers must regularly monitor fruit vendors to ensure compliance with goods.

Figures

Figure 1

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access January 02, 2025

Ambient Air Quality and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in a Potentially Toxic Silver-Polluted Environment

Unyeawaji Brownson Ntesat, David Ojadi, Chinwendu Emeka, Reuben Nwomandah Okparanma

Research Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences 2025, 5(1), 1-17. DOI: 10.31586/rjees.2025.1058

Abstract Silver nanoparticles (Ag⁺NPs) contamination in the environment is a serious concern. This study investigated selected heavy metal (Ag⁺, Cd^2+, Cr²⁺ and Pb²⁺) concentrations at different sampling points to assess the risk to human health (infants, children, and adults). To do this, an enclosed area (laboratory) of 12.6 m X 8.5 m (107.1 [...] Read more.

Silver nanoparticles (Ag⁺NPs) contamination in the environment is a serious concern. This study investigated selected heavy metal (Ag⁺, Cd^2+, Cr²⁺ and Pb²⁺) concentrations at different sampling points to assess the risk to human health (infants, children, and adults). To do this, an enclosed area (laboratory) of 12.6 m X 8.5 m (107.1 m²) was clearly marked at different coded distances of S1, S2, S3, and S4 representing 2, 4, 6, and 8 m, while unpolluted atmosphere at 50 m away without Ag⁺NPs served as the control (S5). The silver fireworks were allowed to burn for an approximate 00h03m30s at each sampling points using a high-volume air sampler mounted at the Environmental Engineering Departmental Laboratory, Rivers State University, with windows and doors closed to simulate indoor conditions. Samples were digested using a mixture of analytical-grade nitric acid, analytical-grade hydrochloric acid and analyzed to evaluate the levels of heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The Ag⁺ result at S1 shows 30,000 µg/cm³, S2 was 29,000 µg/cm³, while S3 was 28000 µg/cm³ and then S4 was 13,000 µg/cm³. These results exceeded the permissible values of the United States National Ambient Air Concentration for rural, urban and industrial areas (0.0005, 0.004 and 0.6 µg/cm³, respectively). The result for the control (S5) (0.037 µg/cm³) was within the maximum allowable value. Results from other heavy metals such as Cd were 1000, 743, 401, 153, 0.001 µg/cm³, Cr was 5000, 4000, 3729, 2960, 0.002 µg/cm³, Pb was 0.048, 0.041, 0.035, 0.034 and 0.01, µg/cm³, respectively. However, higher values of Ag⁺, Cd, and Cr indicated a higher propensity for the metals to be toxic (bioavailable). In addition, the assessment of the potential health risk posed by these metals proved contaminated and harmful. Visitors recorded high values in exposure concentration (EC) and low values in average daily dose (ADD).

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access December 10, 2024

Psychological Corollaries, Self-Care and Coping Behaviors of Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrative Review

Eduardo II A. Kabristante, Mark Joseph Asuncion, Elaine A. Lim, Ericson Batan, Ronnel Reyes, Ronalyn Topacio

World Journal of Nursing Research 2024, 3(1), 98-117. DOI: 10.31586/wjnr.2024.1200

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic posed significant psychological challenges to frontline healthcare workers (HCWs), including anxiety, stress, and emotional strain. Aim: This study investigates the psychological impact on HCWs during the pandemic and explores coping strategies employed to manage distress. Methods: An integrative review was conducted using 24 studies published [...] Read more.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic posed significant psychological challenges to frontline healthcare workers (HCWs), including anxiety, stress, and emotional strain. Aim: This study investigates the psychological impact on HCWs during the pandemic and explores coping strategies employed to manage distress. Methods: An integrative review was conducted using 24 studies published between January and December 2020. These studies were analyzed to identify common psychological outcomes and coping mechanisms among HCWs. Results: Healthcare workers experienced significant psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, including anxiety, stress, insomnia, and depression. Anxiety was the most commonly reported issue, particularly among women, younger healthcare workers, and frontline staff. Stress levels were heightened by high workloads, exposure to COVID-19 patients, and inadequate protective measures. Coping strategies and self-care behaviors, such as seeking social support and utilizing institutional resources, varied in effectiveness across populations. Conclusion: The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted mental health support and resilience programs for HCWs, ensuring they are better equipped to face future health crises.

Figures

Figure 1

PDF Html Xml

Integrative Review

Open Access December 03, 2024

Diabetes Nursing Education Its Implication Towards an Improved Quality of Life of Persons with Diabetes: A Systematic Review

Cherdel Marie T. Carrera, Cliff Richard T. Mabasa, Reggie Mae D. Jasmin, Dennis B. Brosola, Marijane V. Anacito, Melba C. Palcon, Mila C. Herrera, Vito D. Paje III

World Journal of Nursing Research 2024, 3(1), 86-97. DOI: 10.31586/wjnr.2024.1142

Abstract Background: Diabetes is a chronic global health issue that requires effective management to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Nursing education plays a critical role in empowering diabetic patients with self-management skills. Aim This systematic review evaluates the impact of diabetes-focused nursing education on patient outcomes and quality of life. Methods: This study [...] Read more.

Background: Diabetes is a chronic global health issue that requires effective management to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Nursing education plays a critical role in empowering diabetic patients with self-management skills. Aim This systematic review evaluates the impact of diabetes-focused nursing education on patient outcomes and quality of life. Methods: This study uses PRISMA guidelines and a systematic approach to identify and evaluate relevant literature. Results and Discussion: Among the 14 studies reviewed, eight emphasized self-management education, while four incorporated multidisciplinary approaches. Findings consistently demonstrated that structured nursing education programs significantly improved self-management behaviors, glycemic control, and patient knowledge. For instance, nurse-led self-management programs resulted in substantial enhancements in self-care skills and diabetes-related knowledge. Moreover, interventions that combined health education with psychological support were particularly effective, leading to better blood glucose control and increased adherence to treatment. Studies that examined quality of life reported reductions in anxiety, improved lifestyle habits, and better overall self-management. These findings highlight the multifaceted benefits of nursing education, suggesting that structured, supportive programs positively impact both clinical and psychological aspects of diabetes care. Conclusion: The review emphasizes the value of comprehensive nursing education that integrates both clinical guidance and psychological support for holistic diabetes management. Implications: Ongoing professional development and culturally sensitive education programs are recommended to address the diverse needs of diabetic patients. Future research should investigate the long-term effects of nursing education and explore innovative strategies to enhance diabetes management outcomes.

Figures

Figure 1

PDF Html Xml

Systematic Review

Open Access November 26, 2024

Impact of Classroom from the Primary Level of the Acquisition of English as a Second Language in Bangladesh

Jannatul Ferdous, Budrunnesa Shuchi, Musanna Afrin

Universal Journal of Literature and Linguistics 2024, 4(1), 83-94. DOI: 10.31586/ujll.2024.1122

Abstract This paper examines the impact of primary level classroom environments on the acquisition of English as a second language (L2) in Bangladesh, comparing English-medium and Bangla-medium schools. The study investigates how different instructional approaches and early exposure to English influence language proficiency among students. Through a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, interviews, [...] Read more.

This paper examines the impact of primary level classroom environments on the acquisition of English as a second language (L2) in Bangladesh, comparing English-medium and Bangla-medium schools. The study investigates how different instructional approaches and early exposure to English influence language proficiency among students. Through a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, interviews, and proficiency tests, the research reveals significant differences in language acquisition outcomes between the two educational settings. Findings indicate that students in English-medium schools, who are exposed to Natural approach methods of language learning and immersive English-speaking environments, demonstrate higher proficiency in speaking and listening skills compared to their Bangla-medium counterparts, who primarily receive grammar-focused instruction. The study highlights the critical role of early exposure to English, with students who begin learning the language at a younger age showing better phonological and syntactic development. Additionally, the integration of technology in language teaching emerges as a valuable tool for enhancing language learning, particularly in contexts with limited classroom exposure. The research suggests that Bangla-medium schools could benefit from adopting more interactive, student-centered teaching methods and integrating digital tools to support practical language use. The study's findings have significant implications for educational policy, advocating for a shift towards more immersive and communicative teaching practices to improve English language acquisition in Bangladesh. This research contributes to the broader understanding of SLA and offers practical recommendations for enhancing language education in similar contexts.

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access November 16, 2024

Electrocution Cervical Myelopathy Presenting with Partial Brown Sequard Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Xhelili Malbora, Vyshka Gentian, Alimehmeti Ridvan, Kruja Jera

Global Journal of Medical Case Reports 2024, 4(1), 27-32. DOI: 10.31586/gjmcr.2024.1127

Abstract Background: Electrical injuries are underreported in literature, but they can affect the peripheral and central nervous system causing permanent disability. Aims and objectives: This case report aims to highlight cervical spinal cord injury secondary to electrocution, a rare cause of spinal cord injury. Case report: We report the case of a 54-year-old housewife who presented [...] Read more.

Background: Electrical injuries are underreported in literature, but they can affect the peripheral and central nervous system causing permanent disability. Aims and objectives: This case report aims to highlight cervical spinal cord injury secondary to electrocution, a rare cause of spinal cord injury. Case report: We report the case of a 54-year-old housewife who presented with transient loss of consciousness and right sided hemiparesis following electrocution, while at home. Results: The patient met clinical critera for partial Brown- Sequard syndrome, which to our knowledge, has not been previously reported. She showed significant improvement over a month and is currently under monitoring. Conclusions: Electrical injury is a rare cause of normal MRI myelopathy and the potential for immediate, delayed, and long- term neurological disability.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

PDF Html Xml

Case Report

Open Access November 15, 2024

Education Does Not Equally Increase Financial Well-being for All

Shervin Assari, Hossein Zare, Amanda Sonnega

Journal of Social Mathematical & Human Engineering Sciences 2024, 3(1), 62-74. DOI: 10.31586/jsmhes.2024.1113

Abstract Background: Financial well-being is a key domain of overall well-being, encompassing an individual's ability to meet financial obligations, secure their financial future, and maintain a sense of financial freedom. Education is often viewed as a critical pathway to enhancing financial well-being. However, the returns of education on financial well-being are not uniform across racial, ethnic, [...] Read more.

Background: Financial well-being is a key domain of overall well-being, encompassing an individual's ability to meet financial obligations, secure their financial future, and maintain a sense of financial freedom. Education is often viewed as a critical pathway to enhancing financial well-being. However, the returns of education on financial well-being are not uniform across racial, ethnic, and nativity groups. The theory of Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs) suggests that the positive effects of education on outcomes such as income and financial security are weaker for marginalized groups, including Black individuals, Latinos, and immigrants. Objective: This study examines the diminished returns of education on financial well-being among Black, Latino, and immigrant populations in the United States. We aim to investigate how structural inequalities contribute to weaker financial returns on education for these groups compared to their White and native-born counterparts. Methods: We utilized data from the Understanding America Study (UAS 2014) to conduct a cross-sectional analysis of adult respondents. The study assessed financial well-being outcomes (e.g., income, savings, and financial security) and their association with educational attainment across racial, ethnic, and nativity groups. Regression models were employed to test for interaction effects between education and race/ethnicity/nativity, adjusting for sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, employment, and family structure. Results: Our analysis included 8,121 individuals. The mean age of the respondents was 48 years (SD = 16). High education was associated with higher financial well-being (B = 1.284, 95% CI: 1.157, 1.410). The interaction terms between education and immigrant status (B = -0.507, 95% CI: -0.930, -0.084), race (Black) (B = -0.770, 95% CI: -1.208, -0.331), and ethnicity (Hispanic) (B = -0.589, 95% CI: -0.969, -0.210) were all significant, suggesting that immigrant, Black, and Hispanic individuals experience diminished returns on education in terms of financial well-being, relative to US-born non-Hispanic White individuals. The significant negative interactions between education and minority statuses (Black, Hispanic, and immigrant) indicate that while education generally improves financial well-being, the magnitude of this improvement is substantially smaller for these marginalized groups. Conclusion: Understanding how education translates to financial well-being across different racial, ethnic, and nativity groups is critical for addressing persistent financial disparities.

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access November 05, 2024

Effect of Different Processing Methods on Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoid Content of Selected Indigenous Vegetables

Theresia Ponsiano Ngungulu, Alex Wenaty, Bernard Chove, Rashid Suleiman, Hadijah Mbwana

Universal Journal of Food Science and Technology 2024, 2(1), 60-72. DOI: 10.31586/ujfst.2024.1054

Abstract Foods rich in phytochemicals are well recognized for their role in the prevention of chronic disease development, in addition to fulfilling the nutrient requirements. However, different processing methods employed during preparation may affect their levels and functionality as they are sensitive to different processing parameters such as temperature and light. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of three common processing methods; boiling, fermentation, and drying (sun and solar drying, with and without blanching), on total phenolic content and total flavonoid content in cassava (Manhot esculenta Crantz), black jack (Bidens pilosa) and bitter lettuce leaves (Launaea cornuta [...] Read more.

Foods rich in phytochemicals are well recognized for their role in the prevention of chronic disease development, in addition to fulfilling the nutrient requirements. However, different processing methods employed during preparation may affect their levels and functionality as they are sensitive to different processing parameters such as temperature and light. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of three common processing methods; boiling, fermentation, and drying (sun and solar drying, with and without blanching), on total phenolic content and total flavonoid content in cassava (Manhot esculenta Crantz), black jack (Bidens pilosa) and bitter lettuce leaves (Launaea cornuta) grown in Mkuranga District in the Eastern part of Tanzania. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were analyzed by using the spectrophotometric method with the use of Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminum Chloride reagents, respectively. Total phenolic content ranged from 0.9±0.14 to 85.7 ± 0.56 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/100g and flavonoids ranged from 0.03±0.00 to 3.9±0.03 mg/100g across the treatments. Both parameters were adversely affected by fermentation and boiling, while solar and sun drying only reduced the flavonoid content. Results showed that direct solar and sun drying appear to be effective processing methods, for the retention and maintenance of total phenolic content in all samples while, none proved to be effective for flavonoid content.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access October 27, 2024

Learners' Initial Conceptions in Science and School Performance

MEDOUGA MBALA Félicité Victorine

Open Journal of Educational Research 2024, 4(6), 336-352. DOI: 10.31586/ojer.2024.1095

Abstract The theme of the study that catches our attention is the initial conceptions of learners in Science and school performance; this theme is based on the competency-based approach in force in Cameroon, which is implemented in several African countries. Insofar as learning is not the accumulation of new knowledge but a cognitive reorganization of old knowledge experienced, it is therefore a question [...] Read more.

The theme of the study that catches our attention is the initial conceptions of learners in Science and school performance; this theme is based on the competency-based approach in force in Cameroon, which is implemented in several African countries. Insofar as learning is not the accumulation of new knowledge but a cognitive reorganization of old knowledge experienced, it is therefore a question of knowing what is the influence of initial conceptions on the academic performance of learners in science. The objective of this research was to show that taking into account the initial conceptions of learners, Biology “SVT” has a lasting influence on learning and thus on the academic performance of learners. To achieve this objective, the study uses the mixed and quasi-experimental method, where two groups of learners were used: a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group was subjected to the teaching-learning system designed for this purpose, and in which the initial conceptions of the learners were taken into account according to do with or go against. In the light of the different hypotheses adopted and the different results of this study, it can be observed that the didactic consideration of the learners' initial conceptions improves their academic performance through the data of the experimental group. In relation to the field of education, this study shows that in order to enable learners to learn and build knowledge in the long term, their initial conceptions must be taken into account in concrete didactics; Otherwise, learning will be sporadic, learners' conceptions will be significant, which will lead to a learning defect perceptible by school failure.

Figures

Figure 1

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access April 29, 2024

Floristic composition of vascular epiphytes in a disturbed forest of the Douala- Edea National Park (Cameroon)

Jacques Bruno Ngotta Biyon, Constant Borel Kenfack, Seraphine Ebenye Mokake, Danielle Magloire Bell, Jean Lagarde Betti

Research Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences 2024, 4(1), 29-42. DOI: 10.31586/rjees.2024.701

Abstract The Douala-Edea National Park is a coastal protected area that opens to the Atlantic Ocean, and contains an abundant wildlife which finds a privilege habitat there, and certain taxa such as epiphytes, which are of particular interest for conservation. In many tropical forests, vascular epiphytes are one of the richest taxa, with major impacts on the nutrient and hydrological cycles. The aim of this research was to study the effect of the disturbance of habitat on the floristic composition of vascular epiphytes in the Douala-Edea National Park. This study was carried out between January - April 2021 in three types of disturbed habitats at the northern part of the park. Three plots of 100 m × 100 m dimensions were laid out across three ecosystems along the Sanaga river. The sampling method consisted in the direct observation of five adjacent transects of 100 m x 20 m dimensions inside each plot. Epiphytes species were evaluated on all trees of DBH ≥10 cm. Epiphytes' life-forms and the position on the host trees occupied by the epiphytes were also recorded. A total of 18 species belonging to 16 genera and 13 families were identified. Culcasia sp. was the most common species with a relative frequency of 30.27%. Biological indicators were represented by Ferns, with four species, and Orchidaceae, with one species. [...] Read more.

The Douala-Edea National Park is a coastal protected area that opens to the Atlantic Ocean, and contains an abundant wildlife which finds a privilege habitat there, and certain taxa such as epiphytes, which are of particular interest for conservation. In many tropical forests, vascular epiphytes are one of the richest taxa, with major impacts on the nutrient and hydrological cycles. The aim of this research was to study the effect of the disturbance of habitat on the floristic composition of vascular epiphytes in the Douala-Edea National Park. This study was carried out between January - April 2021 in three types of disturbed habitats at the northern part of the park. Three plots of 100 m × 100 m dimensions were laid out across three ecosystems along the Sanaga river. The sampling method consisted in the direct observation of five adjacent transects of 100 m x 20 m dimensions inside each plot. Epiphytes species were evaluated on all trees of DBH ≥10 cm. Epiphytes' life-forms and the position on the host trees occupied by the epiphytes were also recorded. A total of 18 species belonging to 16 genera and 13 families were identified. Culcasia sp. was the most common species with a relative frequency of 30.27%. Biological indicators were represented by Ferns, with four species, and Orchidaceae, with one species. The epiphytes species richness was highest in the low disturbed habitat (13 species), and lowest in the highly disturbed habitat (8 species). Strict epiphytes were highly recorded in the low disturbed habitat (6 species), and were absent in the highly disturbed habitat. Hemi-epiphytes were the commonest life-form (12 species) in the highly disturbed habitat, and have been defined as indicators of the perturbation of the habitat. Canopy was mostly sollicitated by epiphytes in the low disturbed habitat (66.25%) than the moderate disturbed habitat (49.85%), and highly disturbed habitat (30.66%). It has been found that the different forest sites have an influence on the typology of epiphytic species, and therefore, epiphytic flora should be managed for the conservation of the biodiversity in tropical forests.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access April 29, 2024

Predictors of Patient Outcomes Associated with Transfer Status to Definitive Care Hospitals: A Study of Admitted Road Traffic Injured Patients in Two Major Trauma Hospitals in The Gambia

Edrisa Sanyang, Paul Bass, Bakary Ndow, Abubacarr Jagne, Erin M. Reynolds

Current Research in Public Health 2024, 4(1), 13-25. DOI: 10.31586/crph.2024.820

Abstract The Gambia uses the Primary Health Care model with no trauma response system. Trauma patients are transferred through multiple levels of health care facilities before definitive care hospitals. This study was conducted to identify predictors of injury factors associated with transfer. In this study, we examined characteristics of transferred patients compared to those directly admitted in [...] Read more.

The Gambia uses the Primary Health Care model with no trauma response system. Trauma patients are transferred through multiple levels of health care facilities before definitive care hospitals. This study was conducted to identify predictors of injury factors associated with transfer. In this study, we examined characteristics of transferred patients compared to those directly admitted in definitive care hospitals. The study was conducted in two major trauma hospitals in The Gambia. 251 road traffic injury (RTI) patients were either transferred (84%) from lower-level health centers or directly admitted (16%) to one of the study hospitals. Transferred patients were more likely to have been pedestrian/bicyclists (aOR = 1.81; 95% CI = 0.86 – 3.80). Administration of antibiotics was significantly associated with direct admit than transferred patients (aOR = 6.84; 95% CI = 2.38 – 19.68). Transferred patients were more likely to receive intravenous fluid compared to direct admits (aOR = 0.03; 95% CI = 0.01 – 0.08). The study results have implications for policies and planning in the healthcare setting in The Gambia and other LMICs with similar settings. Based on the findings of this study, it is essential that hospital management teams adapt to increasing reliance of RTI patients on lower-level healthcare facilities. The study results suggest increased burden on lower-level health care facilities. Efforts and resources should focus more on supporting lower-level facilities.

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access March 05, 2024

Risk Factors of Vitamin D Insufficiency/Deficiency among a sample of Egyptian Females in Child Bearing Period

Ghada Essam Aldin Amin, Maivel Emile Soby Gerges, Inas Abd El Rahim Ali, Diaa Marzok Abdel Hamid, Mohamed Farouk Allam

Current Research in Public Health 2024, 4(1), 1-12. DOI: 10.31586/crph.2024.867

Abstract Background: Vitamin D plays an important role in the development of bone health and possibly non-communicable diseases. Arab countries had made their own national studies to assess serum vitamin D level among women, yet in Egypt there is no national survey done. The aim of the current study was to identify risk factors affecting vitamin D level among Egyptian females during the [...] Read more.

Background: Vitamin D plays an important role in the development of bone health and possibly non-communicable diseases. Arab countries had made their own national studies to assess serum vitamin D level among women, yet in Egypt there is no national survey done. The aim of the current study was to identify risk factors affecting vitamin D level among Egyptian females during the child-bearing period. Subjects and methods: A total of 100 healthy adult females in their childbearing period who were attending a Family Medicine Center were included in our study. The age of the included women ranged from 19 to 49 years old with a mean age of 34 (SD 8.47) years. The majority of participants had deficiency (43%) and insufficiency (13%) of vitamin D level. Results: Unemployed women were more likely to have vitamin D deficiency than employed women (P<0.05). Participants who were exposed to sun ˃30 minutes/day were more likely to have sufficient vitamin D level (P<0.05). All participants who consume fish ≥3 times/week had sufficient vitamin D level. Therefore, there was a statistically significance association between a number of consuming fish/week and vitamin D3 level groups. Also, there was statistically significant association between number of consumed milk cups/day and vitamin D3 level groups. All participants who drink 2 cups of milk have sufficient vitamin D level. No statistically significance association was found between using multivitamins and vitamin D3 level groups. Conclusion: Unemployment, low fish consumption and infrequent sun exposure were significant risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Future research on the role of multivitamins supplements in improving vitamin D nutrition is warranted.

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access March 05, 2024

Culture Shock in Nursing: A Concept Analysis

Mary Miliza Dagus, Vanessa Lacambra, Judith Magalona, Janette Mindanao, Roison Andro Narvaez, Myra Katrina Paredes

World Journal of Nursing Research 2024, 3(1), 1-35. DOI: 10.31586/wjnr.2024.898

Abstract 1) Background: Culture shock is a common experience by internationally educated nurses (IENs) working in foreign countries, characterized by disorientation and discomfort due to distinct norms, values, and rituals. 2) Aim: this study explores culture shock in IENs and explores mitigation techniques to enhance understanding of challenges faced in foreign cultural contexts. [...] Read more.

1) Background: Culture shock is a common experience by internationally educated nurses (IENs) working in foreign countries, characterized by disorientation and discomfort due to distinct norms, values, and rituals. 2) Aim: this study explores culture shock in IENs and explores mitigation techniques to enhance understanding of challenges faced in foreign cultural contexts. 3) Method: Using Concept Analysis by Walker and Avant (2019). 4) Results: A total of 20 articles were reviewed. Four major attributes were identified: psychological and emotional impact, communication barriers, acculturation and quality of life, and organizational challenges. 5) Conclusion: This paper explores the challenges faced by nurses from foreign countries due to cultural adjustment and proposes solutions to minimize its effects. It is beneficial for nurses, healthcare organizations, and policymakers, aiming to improve patient care and health outcomes. 6) Implication for Practice: Addressing culture shock can promote a smooth transition, enhance nurses' experience, and improve their cultural competence. Providing tailored orientation and mentorship programs can help IENs feel supported and empowered, leading to increased job satisfaction, retention rates, and better patient outcomes.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access February 26, 2024

A Case of Early Initiation of Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygen in Morbid Obesity with Severe Legionella Pneumonia

Ayumu Masuoka, Masafumi Seki, Futoshi Kotajima, Ryosuke Tsuchiya, Hiroshi Ogawa, Yoshitaka Inoue, Manabu Nemoto, Masahito Kaji

Global Journal of Medical Case Reports 2024, 4(1), 9-13. DOI: 10.31586/gjmcr.2024.890

Abstract We present a case of a critically ill patient with severe Legionella pneumonia complicated by morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m²) who was successfully treated with early initiation of veno-venous ECMO (V-V-ECMO) without any sequelae. The patient, a 48-year-old male, initially presented with symptoms of a sore throat, fever, significant fatigue, and decreased appetite. Upon diagnosis of [...] Read more.

We present a case of a critically ill patient with severe Legionella pneumonia complicated by morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m²) who was successfully treated with early initiation of veno-venous ECMO (V-V-ECMO) without any sequelae. The patient, a 48-year-old male, initially presented with symptoms of a sore throat, fever, significant fatigue, and decreased appetite. Upon diagnosis of severe pneumonia complicated by morbid obesity, he was transferred to our hospital for further management. Upon admission, he was promptly intubated and placed on mechanical ventilation. Due to a positive urinary Legionella antigen test indicating a risk of deterioration, V-V ECMO was initiated immediately after intubation. During ECMO support, the patient received Levofloxacin Hydrate at 500 mg/day and Prednisolone Sodium Succinate at 100 mg/day. He was successfully weaned off ECMO after 12 days and transferred back to the referring hospital on day 20. While ECMO therapy for morbidly obese patients was traditionally considered relatively contraindicated, this case suggest that obesity alone is not a contraindication to initiating ECMO.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

PDF Html Xml

Case Report

Open Access February 17, 2024

An Overview of Short- and Long-Term Adverse Outcomes and Complications of Perinatal Depression on Mother and Offspring

Wafaa Mohamed Korany, Diaa Marzouk Abd el-Hamid, Mohamed Farouk Allam

Universal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024, 3(1), 1-4. DOI: 10.31586/ujog.2024.870

Abstract Antenatal and postpartum major depressive episode (MDE) according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition (DSM-V) is defined as either daily sustained sad mood or lack of enjoyment or desire for a minimum two weeks plus four associated manifestations (only three if the two major symptoms are present) that start throughout pregnancy or during the first 4 weeks [...] Read more.

Antenatal and postpartum major depressive episode (MDE) according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition (DSM-V) is defined as either daily sustained sad mood or lack of enjoyment or desire for a minimum two weeks plus four associated manifestations (only three if the two major symptoms are present) that start throughout pregnancy or during the first 4 weeks postpartum respectively: 1) Unintentional notable slimming up or down; 2) Sleepiness or sleeplessness; 3) Tiredness sensation; 4) Guilty or futility sensation; 5) Declined concentration capacity; 6) Frequent suicidal thoughts; 7) Psychomotor excitation or delay. Perinatal depression carries vital and adverse consequences on mother’s psychosocial aspects of life, pregnancy and delivery outcomes, her interrelations specifically with the new born with poorer overall health and influences negatively on offspring from the intrauterine life passing by complicated delivery experiencing hard unstable childhood reaching unhealthy adolescence and adulthood. These negative consequences necessitate a great attention for prevention, screening and prompt treatment for antenatal and postnatal depression to prevent such disastrous effects.

PDF Html Xml

Brief Review

Open Access January 04, 2024

Cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitors for adult patients with influenza: the use of baloxavir marboxil

Masafumi Seki

Open Journal of Medical Sciences 2024, 4(1), 1-5. DOI: 10.31586/ojms.2024.852

Abstract Baloxavir marboxil (BXM) is a novel anti-influenza agent that developed in Japan and inhibit the cap endonuclease specifically, and suggested the more clinical effectiveness in influenza. BXM reduces viral shedding more than do neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs), and its clinical efficacy is equivalent to that of NAIs but is superior to that of NAIs in the case of type B influenza. BXM does not [...] Read more.

Baloxavir marboxil (BXM) is a novel anti-influenza agent that developed in Japan and inhibit the cap endonuclease specifically, and suggested the more clinical effectiveness in influenza. BXM reduces viral shedding more than do neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs), and its clinical efficacy is equivalent to that of NAIs but is superior to that of NAIs in the case of type B influenza. BXM does not demonstrate any issues with safety, and treatment with BXM reduces the incidences of complicating sinusitis and bronchitis. Prophylactic administration of BXM inhibits intrafamilial transmission of influenza although low susceptible viruses with a PA/I38X substitution are isolated with a certain frequency following administration of BXM. Finally, In influenza treatment for patients aged 12−19 years and for adult outpatients, BXM can be used with the same recommendation level as oseltamivir.

Figures

Figure 1

PDF Html Xml

Mini Review

Open Access January 03, 2024

Inflammatory Bowel Disease associated with Intestinal Malrotation

Kafia Belhocine, Kamel Hail

Global Journal of Medical Case Reports 2024, 4(1), 1-8. DOI: 10.31586/gjmcr.2024.849

Abstract Intestinal malrotation is an embryological abnormality modifying the classic anatomy of the small and large bowels, particularly the topographical one. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterised by anatomical lesions with preferential intestinal tropism. These two conditions are rarely associated. They represent a real diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to the overlap of non-specific [...] Read more.

Intestinal malrotation is an embryological abnormality modifying the classic anatomy of the small and large bowels, particularly the topographical one. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterised by anatomical lesions with preferential intestinal tropism. These two conditions are rarely associated. They represent a real diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to the overlap of non-specific symptoms and the complexity of the clinical management. We report the case of a young woman presenting with a flare-up of her IBD and a partial common mesentery syndrome. Clinicians should be aware of the potential pitfalls of the two entities to propose the adequate therapeutic strategy regarding the full understanding of the anatomy, notably when surgery is needed.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

PDF Html Xml

Case Report

Open Access December 25, 2023

An Appraisal of International Students Retention and Graduation at Northern Arizona University

Mavis Gyesi

Open Journal of Educational Research 2023, 3(4), 215-227. DOI: 10.31586/ojer.2023.824

Abstract The Internationalization of higher education has plummeted since the 2010 tightening of migration policies. This study aims to examine the retention and graduation rates of international students at Northern Arizona University (NAU). Using a quantitative analysis approach, the study utilized secondary data from the Center for International Admission and Recruitment Office at NAU to examine the [...] Read more.

The Internationalization of higher education has plummeted since the 2010 tightening of migration policies. This study aims to examine the retention and graduation rates of international students at Northern Arizona University (NAU). Using a quantitative analysis approach, the study utilized secondary data from the Center for International Admission and Recruitment Office at NAU to examine the university’s recruitment, graduation, and retention strategies. The aim was to evaluate the impact of internationalization strategies on application and enrolment numbers. The study sample consisted over 2000 international students from fourteen countries, including China, India, Vietnam, Kuwait, Nepal, Ghana, Nigeria, United Kingdom, Spain, Germany, Canada, Mexico, France, and Iran in four cultural groups (Asia, Europe, Africa, and North America). A random sampling technique was used to select these countries partly because of their highest applications, enrolment numbers, as well as their adoption of recruitment strategies like those used by higher education institutions in the United States. A descriptive graphic representation, focusing on full-time undergraduate students during fall semesters, specifically freshmen international students, is illustrated. To facilitate a cross-country comparison of international students, this study presents an analysis of retention and graduation data across different countries spanning the past five years, from 2016 to 2020.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access December 19, 2023

Conservation of Cuabal from Community Environmental Education: Results of an Implemented Proposal

Yaima Mederos Jiménez, Georgina del Pilar Castro Acevedo, Anaiky Yanelín Borges Machín

Research Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences 2023, 3(2), 36-69. DOI: 10.31586/rjees.2023.728

Abstract The spiny xeromorphic shrublands on serpentine (cuabales) constitute outstanding plant formations for the conservation of Cuban biodiversity, due to their floristic richness, high number of endemic species and local endemism, as well as their economic, social, cultural value and functions environmental. In the Callejón de Los Patos of Santa Clara, there are relicts of cuabal, although they show a [...] Read more.

The spiny xeromorphic shrublands on serpentine (cuabales) constitute outstanding plant formations for the conservation of Cuban biodiversity, due to their floristic richness, high number of endemic species and local endemism, as well as their economic, social, cultural value and functions environmental. In the Callejón de Los Patos of Santa Clara, there are relicts of cuabal, although they show a high level of deterioration due to human activity. This article presents the main results of an investigation, which focused on implementing actions for the development of Community Environmental Education, with emphasis on the conservation of cuabal, in Callejón de Los Patos. For the intervention process, the Community Self-Development Methodology was used, which is qualitative par excellence, and the investigative methods: document analysis, participant observation, in-depth, group and structured interviews, drawing directed, the reflective group, techniques group and triangulation of data. The main results of the research are: the diagnosis and implementation of actions, designed from the process of Community Environmental Education, which was developed at the Carlos Manuel de Céspedes National Rural School, of said settlement. During the intervention process, the development of cognitive, procedural and attitudinal knowledge for the conservation of cuabal was verified in the schoolchildren, contributing to the strengthening of the school as the most important cultural center of the community, as aspired in the Cuban National Education System.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access December 13, 2023

Is a Mexico-China Competition Emerging in US Supply Chains? A Comparative Perspective

Shuo Shi, Hanzhen Ouyang

Universal Journal of Finance and Economics 2023, 3(1), 19-31. DOI: 10.31586/ujfe.2023.821

Abstract With the current sources of US supply chains being more diversified than before, China’s share in US goods imports is declining while Mexico becomes the largest exporter to the US market in 2023. However, can Mexico use this trade diversion to successfully outweigh China in US supply chains? This paper thus investigates whether the Mexico manufacturing sector is competitive enough to completely [...] Read more.

With the current sources of US supply chains being more diversified than before, China’s share in US goods imports is declining while Mexico becomes the largest exporter to the US market in 2023. However, can Mexico use this trade diversion to successfully outweigh China in US supply chains? This paper thus investigates whether the Mexico manufacturing sector is competitive enough to completely replace its Chinese counterparts and rise to a strategically vital supplier for the US economy. Based on multiple empirical evidence, we find that although US supply chain sources are shifting from China to Mexico, the major part of the value added of Mexican exports to the US market is generated in China. Moreover, our evidence shows that Mexico’s exports to the US concentrate on low-skill sectors, while China’s mainly consists of high-skill goods. Further discussion shows that the current US trade shift is highly likely due to China’s FDI inflows to Mexico’s traditionally strong export sector, motor vehicles. However, this shift is not significant enough for Mexico to become a capable substitute for China in the US supply chains. We conclude that the "trade diversion" strategy alone cannot support Mexico’s role in reducing the US supply chain dependence on China. Therefore, the US should better consider how to establish a sustainable trade framework that fosters stable cooperation with China.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

PDF Html Xml

Brief Report

Open Access December 12, 2023

Threatened Wildlife for an Instructional Approach about Biodiversity Conservation

Antonio J. Mendoza-Fernández, Leticia Arnao, Candelaria Carretero, Fabián Martínez-Hernández, José M. Sánchez Robles

Research Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences 2023, 3(1), 47-60. DOI: 10.31586/rjees.2023.693

Abstract Biodiversity is related to a global problem: its destruction, a fact supported by scientific authorities. It is not trivial that educational dimension has been contemplated as one of the strategies for its conservation. Since 1992 global initiatives such as the Convention on Biological Diversity postulates concepts that linked education and nature conservation. The main objective of this research work is to test the level of assimilation of extracurricular scientific knowledge by primary school pupils. The method chosen for the content was, on the one hand, a master class intervention with an interactive presentation on a digital whiteboard. Third cases were chosen. Each case consisted of a presentation of the current status of a species of fauna present in Spain. On the second part, students were asked to write an essay and to illustrate the experience during the presentation. Regarding the essays, students showed that they were more attracted to the first species that was presented (Iberian lynx) in a proportion of over 45% of cases. The “Endangered species” concept appeared in more than 77% of the texts reviewed. In terms of drawings, almost 55% of the responses seem to devote more attention to the second species described (Testudo graeca [...] Read more.

Biodiversity is related to a global problem: its destruction, a fact supported by scientific authorities. It is not trivial that educational dimension has been contemplated as one of the strategies for its conservation. Since 1992 global initiatives such as the Convention on Biological Diversity postulates concepts that linked education and nature conservation. The main objective of this research work is to test the level of assimilation of extracurricular scientific knowledge by primary school pupils. The method chosen for the content was, on the one hand, a master class intervention with an interactive presentation on a digital whiteboard. Third cases were chosen. Each case consisted of a presentation of the current status of a species of fauna present in Spain. On the second part, students were asked to write an essay and to illustrate the experience during the presentation. Regarding the essays, students showed that they were more attracted to the first species that was presented (Iberian lynx) in a proportion of over 45% of cases. The “Endangered species” concept appeared in more than 77% of the texts reviewed. In terms of drawings, almost 55% of the responses seem to devote more attention to the second species described (Testudo graeca). An attempt was made to offer rigorous, structured information related to different aspects of natural reality in order to contemplate the broadest possible vision. The example of an instructional intervention presented here aims to be an alternative to other transmissive teaching models. Likewise, the linking of abstract concepts with socio-cultural reality proved to be a successful strategy to reinforce knowledge about natural biodiversity, endangered species or threat factors.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access November 27, 2023

Physico-chemical and sensory characterization of bread based on green banana (Musa spp.) flour

Abel Alberto Massingue Júnior, Angélica Agostinho Machalela, Felícia Natalino Djedje, Rafael Francisco Nanelo

Universal Journal of Food Science and Technology 2023, 1(1), 56-70. DOI: 10.31586/ujfst.2023.817

Abstract The banana (Musa spp. [...] Read more.

The banana (Musa spp.) is a tropical fruit with excellent sensory characteristics in terms of aroma, flavor and texture, consumed worldwide and exploited in most tropical countries. Green banana flour is rich in flavonoids, which protect the gastric mucosa, has a high content of resistant starch, which acts in the body as a dietary fiber and thus has health benefits, and is an alternative option for bakery products, reducing waste of both the peel and the pulp. The aim of this study was to develop bread formulations with partial substitution of wheat flour with green banana flour (FBV), thus increasing the nutritional, technological and sensory value. 4 formulations, (A), standard sample; (B), bread with 10% FBV; (C), bread with 15% FBV and (D), bread with 20% FBV. Physico-chemical quality was assessed in terms of moisture content by drying at 105ºC, ash by incineration, fat by the Soxhlet method, protein by the biuret method, carbohydrates by difference calculation and calorific value by sum calculation and sensory analysis by affective methods. The data was evaluated using the RStudio 4.2.1 DCC statistical package. There were no significant differences in moisture content, lipids and calorific value. Differences were evident in the ash and protein content. Sensory acceptance of the standard formulation was 82.22%. The results obtained show that green banana flour can be used as a partial substitute for wheat flour to produce breads with functional properties.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access November 10, 2023

Bioremediation of Heavy Metals in Crude Oil-Contaminated Utisol, Using Nutrient Formulate Produced from Jatropha tanjorensis Leaf Extract

Unyeawaji Brownson Ntesat, Chinwendu Emeka, Daniella Queen Edward

Research Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences 2023, 3(1), 37-46. DOI: 10.31586/rjees.2023.688

Abstract This work evaluated the bioremediation potential of Jatropha tanjorensis leaf extract at different masses (250g, 500g and 750g) over a 40-day period. To achieve this, crude oil contamination of sandy loam soil was stimulated in twelve plastic reactors containing fixed masses of soil (4kg each) of topsoil homogenized with 500g of Bonny light crude oil. The Jatropha tanjorensis leaves were cultivated, rinsed with distilled water, blended, and purified by filtration. The leaf extract was applied at the stated concentrations including a control reactor (without leaf extract). The plastics reactors were kept in an open air shielded away from rainfall. The physicochemical characteristics determined were particle size distribution (PSD), potential of hydrogen (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), organic carbon (OC), selected heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Zn, Pb) and sample management were all in line with standard procedure. After 40 days of treatment, results obtained showed that plastic reactor with 750g of leaf extract produced the highest amount of cadmium reduction of 97% (from an initial of and there was significant difference among treatment (P < 0.05). The sequence of reduction among treatment was 750g > 500g > 250g of the leaf extract. Chromium, Lead and zinc followed similar trend. Thus, the Jatropha tanjorensis [...] Read more.

This work evaluated the bioremediation potential of Jatropha tanjorensis leaf extract at different masses (250g, 500g and 750g) over a 40-day period. To achieve this, crude oil contamination of sandy loam soil was stimulated in twelve plastic reactors containing fixed masses of soil (4kg each) of topsoil homogenized with 500g of Bonny light crude oil. The Jatropha tanjorensis leaves were cultivated, rinsed with distilled water, blended, and purified by filtration. The leaf extract was applied at the stated concentrations including a control reactor (without leaf extract). The plastics reactors were kept in an open air shielded away from rainfall. The physicochemical characteristics determined were particle size distribution (PSD), potential of hydrogen (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), organic carbon (OC), selected heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Zn, Pb) and sample management were all in line with standard procedure. After 40 days of treatment, results obtained showed that plastic reactor with 750g of leaf extract produced the highest amount of cadmium reduction of 97% (from an initial of and there was significant difference among treatment (P < 0.05). The sequence of reduction among treatment was 750g > 500g > 250g of the leaf extract. Chromium, Lead and zinc followed similar trend. Thus, the Jatropha tanjorensis leaf extract has the potential to ameliorate crude oil-contaminated soil.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access November 03, 2023

Mathematical Modeling of the Price Volatility of Maize and Sorghum between 1960 and 2022

Samuel Olorunfemi Adams, Mohammed Anono Zubair, Michael Franklin Ezike

Journal of Mathematics Letters 2023, 1(1), 38-56. DOI: 10.31586/jml.2023.801

Abstract The price of grains like maize and sorghum is subject to significant fluctuations, which can have a significant impact on a country's economy and food security. The aim of the study is to model sorghum and maize price volatility in Nigeria. The data utilized in the study was extracted from World Bank Commodity Price Data (WBCPD), 2022. The data consists of monthly prices in nominal US dollars for [...] Read more.

The price of grains like maize and sorghum is subject to significant fluctuations, which can have a significant impact on a country's economy and food security. The aim of the study is to model sorghum and maize price volatility in Nigeria. The data utilized in the study was extracted from World Bank Commodity Price Data (WBCPD), 2022. The data consists of monthly prices in nominal US dollars for maize and sorghum from January 1960 – August 2022. The Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARCH) and Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models were utilized for capturing the two-grain price volatility. Two types of conditional heteroscedastic models exist, the first group uses exact functions to control the evolution of , while the second group describes with stochastic equations. It is inferred from the result that inherent uncertainties and fluctuations existed in the prices of maize and sorghum in Nigeria which implies that the price volatility is positive and statistically significant suggesting that historical information and past shocks play a crucial role in determining the volatility observed in the grains. It is recommended that the ARCH, GARCH, EGARCH, TGARCH, PARCH, CGARCH, and IGARCH models should be employed for modeling and managing the volatility of maize and sorghum prices in Nigeria. These models have shown effectiveness in capturing different aspects of volatility, including the impact of past shocks, conditional volatility, asymmetry, and other relevant factors.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access November 03, 2023

Quality of Communication between Healthcare Providers and Pregnant Women: Impact on Maternal Satisfaction, Health Outcomes, and Shared Decision-Making

Fortune Afi Agbi, Zhou Lulin, Eric Owusu Asamoah

Universal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023, 2(1), 3-10. DOI: 10.31586/ujog.2023.784

Abstract The quality of communication between healthcare providers and pregnant women is a topic of paramount importance within the realm of maternal healthcare. It is not merely an aspect of medical interaction; rather, it is the prerequisite that influences various critical dimensions of maternal care, including maternal satisfaction, health outcomes, and shared decision-making. Effective communication [...] Read more.

The quality of communication between healthcare providers and pregnant women is a topic of paramount importance within the realm of maternal healthcare. It is not merely an aspect of medical interaction; rather, it is the prerequisite that influences various critical dimensions of maternal care, including maternal satisfaction, health outcomes, and shared decision-making. Effective communication between healthcare providers and pregnant women is essential for optimal maternal care during pregnancy and childbirth. Maternal satisfaction is a fundamental metric of patient-centered care, and improved communication, characterized by empathy, information sharing, and active listening, cultivates trust and enhances women's contentment with their care experiences. Positive provider-patient interactions are associated with improved emotional well-being, reduced stress levels, and increased adherence to prenatal recommendations, contributing to positive health outcomes for both mother and fetus. Shared decision-making is impacted by open and transparent dialogue between healthcare providers and pregnant women. Inclusive discussions about available interventions, risks, and benefits empower women to make informed choices aligned with their preferences and values. This shared decision-making promotes autonomy, self-efficacy, and a collaborative care partnership, potentially influencing the birthing experience and postpartum adaptation. However, challenges persist in communication quality, such as variability in healthcare provider communication styles, cultural considerations, and system-level factors. Addressing these challenges through targeted interventions, training, and policy implementation can further enhance the overall maternal care experience. Further research is needed to explore innovative strategies that optimize communication and promote positive outcomes throughout the continuum of maternal care.

PDF Html Xml

Review Article

Open Access November 01, 2023

Individual Wave Component Signal Modeling, Parameters Extraction, and Analysis

Webert Montlouis

Universal Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2023, 1(1), 26-39. DOI: 10.31586/ujgh.2023.737

Abstract The accurate estimation of Individual Wave Components (IWC) is crucial for automated diagnosis of the human digestive system in a clinical setting. However, this process can be challenging due to signal contamination by other signal sources in the body, such as the lungs and heart, as well as environmental noise. To address this issue, various denoising techniques are commonly employed in bowel [...] Read more.

The accurate estimation of Individual Wave Components (IWC) is crucial for automated diagnosis of the human digestive system in a clinical setting. However, this process can be challenging due to signal contamination by other signal sources in the body, such as the lungs and heart, as well as environmental noise. To address this issue, various denoising techniques are commonly employed in bowel sound signal processing. While denoising is important, it can increase computational complexity, making it challenging for portable devices. Therefore, signal processing algorithms often require a trade-off between fidelity and computational complexity. This study aims to evaluate an IWC parameter extraction algorithm that was previously developed and reconstruct the IWC without denoising using synthetic and clinical data. To that end, the role of a reliable model in creating synthetic data is paramount. The rigorous testing of the algorithm is limited by the availability of quality and quantity recorded data. To overcome this challenge, a mathematical model has been proposed to generate synthetic bowel sound data that can be used to test new algorithms. The proposed algorithm’s robust performance is evaluated using both synthetic and clinically recorded data. We perform time-frequency analysis of original and reconstructed bowel sound signals in various digestive system states and characterize the performance using Monte Carlo simulation when denoising is not applied. Overall, our study presents a promising algorithm for accurate IWC estimation that can be useful for predicting anomalies in the digestive system.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

Figure 11

Figure 12

Figure 13

Figure 14

Figure 15

Figure 16

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access November 01, 2023

Efficacy and Safety of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy with Direct Oral Anticoagulants versus Vitamin K Antagonist in Patients with Cerebral Venous Thrombosis

Victor Febriant, Tracy Solansa

Open Journal of Medical Sciences 2023, 3(1), 39-45. DOI: 10.31586/ojms.2023.808

Abstract Introduction: Cerebral venous thrombosis is a rare type of stroke caused by partial or complete occlusion of cerebral venous sinuses. Current guidelines recommend the administration of Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) during the acute phase and oral Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) such as warfarin for 3-12 months. Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) are an attractive alternative to VKAs as [...] Read more.

Introduction: Cerebral venous thrombosis is a rare type of stroke caused by partial or complete occlusion of cerebral venous sinuses. Current guidelines recommend the administration of Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) during the acute phase and oral Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) such as warfarin for 3-12 months. Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) are an attractive alternative to VKAs as therapy for CVT, for its safety and efficacy as anticoagulation therapy for deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Method: This systematic review is written based on PRISMA guidelines with electronic search performed on various databases for journals published from June 1, 2018 to June 1, 2023. Results: We found four studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria, with four randomized controlled studies presenting 179 CVT patients treated with DOAC and 150 patients treated with standard therapy. DOACs used in reviewed studies are Dabigatran and Rivaroxaban. Discussion: Administration of DOACs as anticoagulation therapy in patients with CVT presents better recanalization rate with no significant differences in efficacy compared with VKAs, along with a better safety profile through similar mortality rate across two groups. Conclusion: DOACs as long-term anticoagulation therapy in patients with CVT has better efficacy along with a similar safety profile compared to VKA.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

PDF Html Xml

Systematic Review

Open Access October 31, 2023

Effectiveness of Probiotics for Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Hadeer Abdel-Aleem Hassan Mohamed Tawfik, Mohamed Nazmy Farres, Rasha Samir, Mohamed Nabil Badawy Al Ashram, Mina Mikhail Nessim, Mohamed Farouk Allam

Universal Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2023, 1(1), 17-25. DOI: 10.31586/ujgh.2023.735

Abstract Background: Recently specific interactions and crosslinks between the gut microbiota and the lungs have been recognized, particularly with regard to respiratory immune and anti-microbial reactions. This is often known as the “gut-lung axis” or “a common mucosal immunological system”. Objective: The aim of the current systematic review was to evaluate evidence, from published clinical trials and cohort studies, if probiotics may have an effect in improving and managing COVID-19 symptoms. Materials and methods: The available studies were searched through a comprehensive search of electronic databases that included PubMed, Science Direct, Scirus, ISI Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar and CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), using a combination of the following keywords: “COVID-19" OR [...] Read more.

Background: Recently specific interactions and crosslinks between the gut microbiota and the lungs have been recognized, particularly with regard to respiratory immune and anti-microbial reactions. This is often known as the “gut-lung axis” or “a common mucosal immunological system”. Objective: The aim of the current systematic review was to evaluate evidence, from published clinical trials and cohort studies, if probiotics may have an effect in improving and managing COVID-19 symptoms. Materials and methods: The available studies were searched through a comprehensive search of electronic databases that included PubMed, Science Direct, Scirus, ISI Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar and CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), using a combination of the following keywords: “COVID-19" OR "SARS-CoV-2" AND "Microbiota" OR "Probiotics” OR “Gut Lung Axis”. The literature was reviewed until August 31, 2022. Results: Only 3 studies were included. One of them evaluated the efficacy of probiotics in COVID-19 patients to obtain complete remission of all signs and symptoms. The clinical trial proves that probiotics have a significant effect on complete remission of all signs and symptoms of COVID-19 patients with statistical significant difference. Only one clinical trial out of the 3 included studies had evaluated the need for O2 therapy during the study between the probiotics and control groups, but without statistical significant difference. No statistical significant difference between the probiotics group and placebo group was observed regarding fatal prognosis during the only clinical trial that measured death as an outcome. Conclusion: We couldn’t judge on these results as they are insufficient data for pooling and meta-analysis. However, what we can say is “Most probably Probiotics have no role in treatment of COVID-19 infection”.

Figures

Figure 1

PDF Html Xml

Meta-Analysis

Open Access October 27, 2023

Key Factor to Prevent Aortic Root and Descending Thoracic Aorta Enlargement after Aortic Valve and Ascending Aorta Combined Surgery

Francesca D’Auria, Danilo Flavio Santo

Global Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2023, 2(1), 5-11. DOI: 10.31586/gjcd.2023.788

Abstract Objective: aortic root enlargement (ARE) and descending thoracic aorta dilatation (DTAD) in combined aortic valve and ascending aorta replacement surgery (AV+AAR) are postoperative concerning issues. This retrospective observational analysis studies surgical factors which could determine those complications. Methods: 236 patients underwent AV+AAR. Mean-time follow-up by [...] Read more.

Objective: aortic root enlargement (ARE) and descending thoracic aorta dilatation (DTAD) in combined aortic valve and ascending aorta replacement surgery (AV+AAR) are postoperative concerning issues. This retrospective observational analysis studies surgical factors which could determine those complications. Methods: 236 patients underwent AV+AAR. Mean-time follow-up by trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE) and computer tomography (CT) was 44.7 ± 21.2 and 38.2 ± 18.4 months respectively. In long-term follow-up, outcome variables are: ARE equal/more than 10% of the preoperative TTE data and DTAD equal more than 5% of preoperative CT measurement at the same thoracic vertebrae axial slice. Results: ARE and DTAD appear strictly related to the discrepancy between prosthetic valve and straight vascular prosthesis diameters (p = 0.024), while there is not significant difference (log-rank = 0.917) related to aortic valve surgery type (replacement or repair). Considering diameter difference (DD) between vascular and aortic valve prosthesis, patients were subsequently grouped into two sections: L5 group, in which DD was less/equal than 5 mm, and M5, in which DD was more/equal than 5 mm. ARE was found in 30.8 % of L5 patients and only in 14.7 % among M5 patients (log-rank = 0.026). We have also observed descending thoracic aorta dilatation in 34.2 % of L5 and in 12.1 % of M5 (log-rank = 0.023). Conclusions: According with our data, difference between vascular prosthesis and aortic valve prosthesis equal/more than 5 mm is a protective factor against ARE and DATD.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access October 16, 2023

Clinical Characteristics and Imaging Findings of Adult COVID-19 and Influenza-related Pulmonary Complications due to Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus

Masafumi Seki, Daishi Shimada

Global Journal of Epidemiology and Infectious Disease 2023, 3(1), 1-6. DOI: 10.31586/gjeidd.2023.798

Abstract The pulmonary characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) co-infection with respiratory viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus, are still unclear. Case series: Two patients with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus [...] Read more.

The pulmonary characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) co-infection with respiratory viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus, are still unclear. Case series: Two patients with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) infection in the lungs co-infected with either SARS-CoV-2 or influenza virus are reported. Case 1 was a 66-year-old woman who was admitted with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Her chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) showed multiple cavity formations with infiltration shadows, and MSSA was detected from her sputum and blood, suggesting COVID-19-related bacterial pneumonia and pulmonary embolism. No catheters had been used, but she had skin eruptions and a history of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Ampicillin/sulbactam (ABPC/SBT) was administered, and she finally improved. Case 2 was an 87-year-old man with a history of atopic dermatitis who was admitted with moderate pneumonia, and influenza virus co-infection was found. He showed multiple cavitary shadows, and MSSA was isolated from both his sputum and blood. He was diagnosed with influenza-related bacterial pulmonary embolism. No catheters had been used, but he had a history of influenza vaccination. He was also treated by ABPC/SBT and finally improved. Conclusions: These cases suggest that MSSA showed affinity to the lungs when co-infected with either SARS-CoV-2 or influenza virus, and it presented as septic emboli without catheter use. We should consider MSSA infection when patients have SARS-CoV-2 or influenza virus co-infection, and multiple cavity formation and skin disorders are seen, even though they were vaccinated and no catheters were used.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

PDF Html Xml

Case Series

Open Access October 13, 2023

A Report of Three Cases with Moderate Psoriasis Treated with New Topical Treatment

José Miguel Ingelmo Calvo, José Ruiz Cobo, Mohamed Farouk Allam

Global Journal of Medical Case Reports 2023, 3(1), 16-20. DOI: 10.31586/gjmcr.2023.714

Abstract Practice guidelines recommend fixed combinations of calcipotriol, a topical vitamin D analogue, and betamethasone dipropionate, a high potency corticosteroid, as first line topical treatment for mild to moderate plaque psoriasis of the body and scalp. A new foaming lotion for treatment of Psoriasis was developed and patented by the Spanish Ministry of Industry, Trade and Tourism (Invention patent [...] Read more.

Practice guidelines recommend fixed combinations of calcipotriol, a topical vitamin D analogue, and betamethasone dipropionate, a high potency corticosteroid, as first line topical treatment for mild to moderate plaque psoriasis of the body and scalp. A new foaming lotion for treatment of Psoriasis was developed and patented by the Spanish Ministry of Industry, Trade and Tourism (Invention patent reference number 202030824). The foaming lotion is composed of clobetasol, papaverine hydrochloride, spironolactone, milk-peptide-complex and propylene glycol. Three cases with moderate Psoriasis aged 34, 36 and 66 years old were treated with our new foaming lotion for 7-8 days. The three patients reported important improvement in the itching sensations and remission of the scaled lesions. Before and after application of the new foaming lotion, Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) scores improved in the first patient from 24.3 to 1.8, in the second patient from 26.1 to 1.8, and in the third patient from 27 to 1.8. Our results show the short-term effectiveness of the new foaming lotion in treating moderate and extensive Psoriasis. Long follow-up is needed to evaluate the remission period of Psoriasis and possible side effects of the new topical treatment.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

PDF Html Xml

Case Report

Open Access October 11, 2023

Quality of Life Assessment of Health Record Professionals Working in a Tertiary Health Facility, during the COVID 19 Pandemic in South Western Nigeria

Oluwaseun Emmanuel ODIPE, Mela DANJIN, Lateef Olabisi OKELEJI, Oluwayemisi Hope ADEWOLE

Current Research in Public Health 2023, 3(2), 128-138. DOI: 10.31586/crph.2023.741

Abstract Background: There is paucity of data on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Health Information Managers/Health Record Officers (HROs) in the Nigeria health system. Hence, this study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health-related quality of life (QoL) among HROs in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Methods: A [...] Read more.

Background: There is paucity of data on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Health Information Managers/Health Record Officers (HROs) in the Nigeria health system. Hence, this study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health-related quality of life (QoL) among HROs in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the University Hospital, where a total of 52 health record officers were purposively sampled. Relevant data were collected using the Short Form survey (SF-36v2) questionnaire. One-way ANOVA was used to determine mean group differences across the nine and the two QoL (physical and mental) summary domains based on respondents’ socio-demographics, while level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: All the QoL sections of the instrument used yielded an α-Cronbach’s score of > 0.70. Analysis of some QoL physical component dimensions showed that; Bodily pain (BP) was found to be significantly (P=0.032) associated with marital status, Physical functioning (PF) with gender (P=0.023), and general health (GH) with age group (P=00.025) and highest level of education (P=0.023). On the other hand, mental health component analysis revealed that Social Functioning (SF) was associated with age group (P=014), Role limitation (RE) with marital status (P=0.048), highest level of education (P=0.048) and years of service (P=0.015) etc. Conclusion: The QoL among HROs studied was generally above average, and demographic characteristics such as age, gender and marital status significantly influence QoL. Health managers and stakeholders should consider some of the factors identified in managing HROs.

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access October 08, 2023

Correlation of Thyroid Gland Functions with Menstrual Patterns amongst Infertile and Fertile Women Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in North-Central Nigeria

Halima Inya Aliu-Ayo, Kikelomo Temilola Adesina, Abiodun Akanbi Gafar Jimoh, Aloysius Obinna Ikwuka, Francis Chigozie Udeh, Sikiru Abayomi Biliaminu, Olayinka Waheed Ayo

World Journal of Clinical Medicine Research 2023, 3(1), 13-26. DOI: 10.31586/wjcmr.2023.787

Abstract A regular menstrual cycle is important to maintain a woman’s fertility. This cycle has been linked to optimal function of the thyroid gland in the production of its hormones. Disturbance of thyroid gland functions could result to female infertility due to changes in menstrual patterns. Aim of this research was to determine the correlation between thyroid gland functions and menstrual patterns amongst infertile and fertile women attending a tertiary care hospital in North-Central Nigeria. This comparative, cross-sectional study recruited 106 women who visited the hospital's Gynecology Clinic and Family Planning Clinic. 53 of the 106 patients were women with a history suggestive of either primary or secondary infertility and the remaining 53 women with no history of infertility served as the control. A well-structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on the patients’ menstrual patterns. Anthropometric data were measured and obtained. Collected blood samples were analyzed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique to determine the serum levels of thyroid hormones. All obtained data was analyzed, and the level of significance was set at p<0.05, at a 95% confidence interval. 33 patients had menstrual anomalies (78.8% infertile women; 21.2% fertile women who served as control, p=0.012). The incidence of menstrual anomalies in the infertile women group and control group was 7.5% versus 0.0% for amenorrhea; 20.8% versus 5.7% for menorrhagia; 9.4% versus 7.5% for oligomenorrhea; 7.5% versus 0.0% for hypomenorrhea; nil polymenorrhea for both groups; and 50.9% versus 86.8% for normal menstrual patterns. Ten (9.43%) patients were diagnosed with thyroid dysfunctions (80% in infertile group; 20% in control group, p [...] Read more.

A regular menstrual cycle is important to maintain a woman’s fertility. This cycle has been linked to optimal function of the thyroid gland in the production of its hormones. Disturbance of thyroid gland functions could result to female infertility due to changes in menstrual patterns. Aim of this research was to determine the correlation between thyroid gland functions and menstrual patterns amongst infertile and fertile women attending a tertiary care hospital in North-Central Nigeria. This comparative, cross-sectional study recruited 106 women who visited the hospital's Gynecology Clinic and Family Planning Clinic. 53 of the 106 patients were women with a history suggestive of either primary or secondary infertility and the remaining 53 women with no history of infertility served as the control. A well-structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on the patients’ menstrual patterns. Anthropometric data were measured and obtained. Collected blood samples were analyzed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique to determine the serum levels of thyroid hormones. All obtained data was analyzed, and the level of significance was set at p<0.05, at a 95% confidence interval. 33 patients had menstrual anomalies (78.8% infertile women; 21.2% fertile women who served as control, p=0.012). The incidence of menstrual anomalies in the infertile women group and control group was 7.5% versus 0.0% for amenorrhea; 20.8% versus 5.7% for menorrhagia; 9.4% versus 7.5% for oligomenorrhea; 7.5% versus 0.0% for hypomenorrhea; nil polymenorrhea for both groups; and 50.9% versus 86.8% for normal menstrual patterns. Ten (9.43%) patients were diagnosed with thyroid dysfunctions (80% in infertile group; 20% in control group, p=0.046). Six (18.2%) out of 33 women with menstrual anomalies were diagnosed with thyroid dysfunction. Five (83.3%) out of these 6 women with both menstrual anomalies and diagnosed thyroid dysfunction were infertile while only one (16.7%) was fertile. Thyroid gland dysfunction correlates strongly with abnormal menstrual patterns, which implies that it is vital to evaluate thyroid hormone levels in blood serum in the course of treating menstrual irregularities and female infertility. Early detection of thyroid dysfunction is important in achieving a positive treatment outcome for female infertility.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access October 07, 2023

A Systematic Review of Observational Studies Focusing on Impact of Telehealth Consultation in Osteoporosis Management during the Pandemic

Samia Amin, Oishi Barua, Farjana Masud ; Sumaiya Monjur, Tahsin Munajja, Ashish Joshi

Current Research in Public Health 2023, 3(2), 119-127. DOI: 10.31586/crph.2023.768

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted routine osteoporosis care due to clinic closures and limited in-person consultations. Telehealth emerged as an alternative model enabling remote care delivery and monitoring. However, previous reviews on telehealth either did not include the pandemic period or had a limited focus in scope. Evidence synthesized specifically for osteoporosis care [...] Read more.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted routine osteoporosis care due to clinic closures and limited in-person consultations. Telehealth emerged as an alternative model enabling remote care delivery and monitoring. However, previous reviews on telehealth either did not include the pandemic period or had a limited focus in scope. Evidence synthesized specifically for osteoporosis care during the pandemic is needed but lacking. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL for studies on telehealth for osteoporosis published between January 2021 and March 2023. Five studies met the inclusion criteria of: osteoporosis population, telehealth intervention, and COVID-19 pandemic timeframe. Data was extracted on study characteristics, COVID-19 outcomes, osteoporosis status, telehealth purpose, patient satisfaction, and clinical outcomes. Result: The five studies showed telehealth was used for monitoring data, delivering test results, adjusting medications, and assessments. Osteoporosis prevalence among telehealth users ranged 30-100%. High patient satisfaction was reported with telehealth versus in-person care. No major differences occurred in medication delays or fractures between telehealth and in-person groups. Conclusion: This review found telehealth enables effective osteoporosis care and monitoring during the pandemic, with high patient and provider satisfaction. However, more robust randomized controlled trials are needed to establish stronger evidence around telehealth's impacts on clinical osteoporosis outcomes. Implications: Though promising, further high-quality studies will help clarify telehealth's role in improving osteoporosis care and outcomes. Findings inform guidelines on integrating telehealth into routine management. Evidence on user perspectives optimizes telehealth implementation policies.

Figures

Figure 1

PDF Html Xml

Systematic Review

Open Access October 03, 2023

Pharmaceutical Drug Serialization: A Comprehensive Review

Aarav Gupta

Universal Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2023, 2(1), 26-33. DOI: 10.31586/ujpp.2023.786

Abstract A persistent problem in the pharmaceutical industry that has existed for centuries is the prevalence of counterfeit drugs, and the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that millions of people are affected by this issue each year. In particular, 4 out of 10 drugs in poor or underdeveloped countries may be adulterated, which can lead to severe adverse events. To address this problem, many [...] Read more.

A persistent problem in the pharmaceutical industry that has existed for centuries is the prevalence of counterfeit drugs, and the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that millions of people are affected by this issue each year. In particular, 4 out of 10 drugs in poor or underdeveloped countries may be adulterated, which can lead to severe adverse events. To address this problem, many countries have implemented regulatory compliance measures such as pharmaceutical drug serialization, which requires the unique identification of every drug package manufactured. This enables tracking and tracing of individual packages throughout the supply chain and helps to prevent counterfeit drugs from entering the market. In this paper, we conduct a systematic review of the serialization process evaluation and its impact on the pharmaceutical industry. We discuss the benefits of pharmaceutical drug serialization, including its ability to improve drug security and reduce adverse events and investigations. We also examine the challenges associated with implementing serialization processes and the regulatory requirements necessary for compliance. Finally, we explore the various tracking and tracing technologies used in serialization processes and their effectiveness in preventing the distribution of counterfeit drugs. Overall, this paper highlights the importance of pharmaceutical drug serialization in ensuring the safety and efficacy of drugs in the healthcare industry, particularly in poor or underdeveloped countries where the problem of adulterated drugs is especially prevalent.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

PDF Html Xml

Review Article

Open Access September 26, 2023

Drug-Receptor Interaction of Peptidic HIV-1 Protease: Intermolecular Interaction-III

Vishnu Kumar Sahu, Neetu Chandra, Anil Kumar Soni, Pratibha Singh, Rajesh Kumar Singh

Online Journal of Microbiological Research 2023, 3(1), 1-22. DOI: 10.31586/ojmr.2023.630

Abstract Recently, we have studied drug-receptor interaction of the peptidic HIV-1 protease inhibitors based on polar and hydrophobic interactions. We have also studied pharmacokinetics of these inhibitors based on Lipinski’s rule of five and its extended form. After that there was a need to study intermolecular interactions. From literatures, drug-receptor interaction involves hydrogen bonds between [...] Read more.

Recently, we have studied drug-receptor interaction of the peptidic HIV-1 protease inhibitors based on polar and hydrophobic interactions. We have also studied pharmacokinetics of these inhibitors based on Lipinski’s rule of five and its extended form. After that there was a need to study intermolecular interactions. From literatures, drug-receptor interaction involves hydrogen bonds between acceptor and donor sites of drug and its receptor. These donor acceptor sites must be more than four to be dominant. As single intermolecular H-bond is relatively weak and unlikely to support this type of interaction. It is also clear from literature that this interaction contribute to the alignment of reacting species in proper three-dimensional space in such a position that strong and effective polar or hydrophobic or both interaction occurs to form drug-receptor adduct or enzyme inhibitor complex as appropriate. The strength of H-bonds formed between drug and receptor was judged by bond lengths, bond angles and bond orders. As well as, its nature (strong, moderate or weak) and its number, too. Along with H-bonding, we have also studied Van der Walls i.e. non-bonding type interaction. These non-bonding interactions were studied using charge transfer from donor to acceptor and this results transfer of electron flux from donor molecule (drug/receptor) towards acceptor (receptor/ drug). Thus, lowering of energy of the system under investigation will occur. For this resulted interaction energy was also studied that very clearly explain feasibility of interactions. As we know that all above phenomena are molecular properties and do not cover involvement of orbitals. To cover this we have also studied drug-receptor interaction involving molecular orbital. It was HOMO of one reacting molecule (B) that donates electron pair, electron cloud or electron density to LUMO of another reacting molecule (A) that accepts or accommodates this electron pair, electron cloud or electron density. The quantity of the electron flux from HOMO to LUMO was judged by the value of ∆E_LH. A lower value of this will support strong and effective drug-receptor interaction. Results of orbital based study have also been found to supports the results as abstracted from interaction energy.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access September 20, 2023

Group-specific Differences in Blood Lead Levels among Occupationally Exposed Workers in Greater Banjul Area, The Gambia

Edrisa Sanyang, Alhaji Jabbi, Manjally Ndow, Erin M. Reynolds, Egbe Egiebor, Joshia Alamu

Current Research in Public Health 2023, 3(2), 105-118. DOI: 10.31586/crph.2023.766

Abstract Occupational lead (Pb) exposure continues to be an important public health problem globally, yet data is lacking on the associated risks and resources available for the prevention of Pb related diseases in low middle income countries (LMICs) like The Gambia. In this study, we used a case-control design to compare blood lead levels (BLLs) between the exposed (auto repair workers) and unexposed [...] Read more.

Occupational lead (Pb) exposure continues to be an important public health problem globally, yet data is lacking on the associated risks and resources available for the prevention of Pb related diseases in low middle income countries (LMICs) like The Gambia. In this study, we used a case-control design to compare blood lead levels (BLLs) between the exposed (auto repair workers) and unexposed (healthcare workers) populations in The Greater Banjul Area. The data was analyzed using Chi square test of independence to determine the characteristic factors associated with BLL. Multivariate logistic regression was used to test the relationship between BLLs for auto repair and healthcare workers and their experiences. The results of this study indicated 82.1% of cases had higher BLLs compared to 52.9% of controls. Also, the proportion of workers with elevated BLLs was higher for certain factors including more than 80% of those with greater than 10 of years job experience, more than 70% of those who worked greater than 5 days a week, worked more than 8 hours per day, did not use personal protective equipment (PPE), were illiterate or had no formal education, and smoked or ate at work. The study results have implications for policies and practice in the auto repair industry and related workplaces in The Gambia and other LMICs with similar settings. Based on the findings of this study, it is essential to initiate discussions to establish national occupational health policies in The Gambia aimed at protecting workers and the general population.

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access September 19, 2023

Differential Complete Blood Count for Diagnosis of COVID-19?

Nermine A. Melek, Mohamed F. Allam, Bassem G. Labib, Abdalla Bazazo, Mayada M. Mahmoud, Omneya M. Zeada

World Journal of Medical Microbiology 2023, 2(1), 50-57. DOI: 10.31586/wjmm.2023.689

Abstract Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 a public health emergency of international concern. In this context, effective and affordable diagnostic procedures are essential for identifying and managing cases. Complete blood counts (CBC) are among the most common and readily available diagnostic tests. The current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of CBC in [...] Read more.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 a public health emergency of international concern. In this context, effective and affordable diagnostic procedures are essential for identifying and managing cases. Complete blood counts (CBC) are among the most common and readily available diagnostic tests. The current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of CBC in diagnosing COVID-19 and identifying cases. Patients and Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 173 patients at Ain Shams University Hospitals over a period of three months. Patients were allocated into two groups according to COVID-19 PCR results: Group 1 included patients with COVID-19 positive PCR, and Group 2 included patients with COVID-19 negative PCR. Results: The study found that differential CBC had significant value in diagnosing COVID-19 disease. Many COVID-19 patients had lymphopenia and leucopenia compared to non-COVID-19 suspected patients. The low values of leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils with a CBC test were found to be valuable in the initial diagnosis of COVID-19. Conclusion: The definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 requires RT-PCR analysis, which is time-consuming and less accessible. Thus, the initial diagnosis and treatment of patients may be delayed. This study suggests that CBC, which is easily available and affordable, can be valuable in the early identification of COVID-19 cases, allowing for prompt treatment and management.

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access September 19, 2023

Lonely No More: Investigating the Connection between Family Health, Social Support, and Well-being in Chinese “Empty Nest Youth”

Yan-yan Wang

Current Research in Public Health 2023, 3(2), 90-104. DOI: 10.31586/crph.2023.771

Abstract Background: The phenomenon of "empty nest youth" is becoming increasingly ubiquitous, capturing the attention of society at large. However, few studies have been conducted in recent years on this group, especially focusing on their family and mental health. As such, this study investigates the correlation between family health and well-being among "empty nest youth," as well as the function of social support and loneliness in this relationship. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to August 2022 across 32 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China, utilizing a multi-stage sampling technique. And we screened individuals who were unmarried, living alone, and between 22-44 years old, resulting in a valid sample size of 908 cases; multiple regression analysis, mediation effect testing, and moderation effect testing are used to examine research hypotheses. Results: The regression analysis results show that family health not only has a direct impact on well-being (β = 0.36, p < 0.001) but also indirectly affects well-being through social support [β = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.19 0.28]. Additionally, the loneliness moderates the predictive impact of not only family health on social support (β = -0.13, p < 0.001) but also social support on well-being (β = -0.06, p [...] Read more.

Background: The phenomenon of "empty nest youth" is becoming increasingly ubiquitous, capturing the attention of society at large. However, few studies have been conducted in recent years on this group, especially focusing on their family and mental health. As such, this study investigates the correlation between family health and well-being among "empty nest youth," as well as the function of social support and loneliness in this relationship. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to August 2022 across 32 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China, utilizing a multi-stage sampling technique. And we screened individuals who were unmarried, living alone, and between 22-44 years old, resulting in a valid sample size of 908 cases; multiple regression analysis, mediation effect testing, and moderation effect testing are used to examine research hypotheses. Results: The regression analysis results show that family health not only has a direct impact on well-being (β = 0.36, p < 0.001) but also indirectly affects well-being through social support [β = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.19 0.28]. Additionally, the loneliness moderates the predictive impact of not only family health on social support (β = -0.13, p < 0.001) but also social support on well-being (β = -0.06, p < 0.001). Conclusions: These findings underscore the significance of directing policymakers and healthcare professionals towards the "empty nest youth's" familial and social support systems. It underscores the need for the development of policies aimed at addressing their emotional and material requirements by leveraging these familial and social networks. This approach ultimately contributes to the enhancement of their overall psychological well-being, promoting a more coherent and logical pathway for intervention and support.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access September 17, 2023

Knowledge and practice of diabetic foot prevention among diabetic patients attending Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital, Banjul, The Gambia: an institutional-based cross-sectional study

Lamine Tinkiano, Amadou Barrow, Ayodeji Matthew Adebayo

Current Research in Public Health 2023, 3(2), 67-89. DOI: 10.31586/crph.2023.762

Abstract Background: The increasing prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is closely tied to complications, particularly diabetic foot ulcers, which significantly raise the risk of lower extremity amputations due to infected, non-healing ulcers. This study aimed to assess diabetic foot prevention knowledge, practices and associated factors among patients at the Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital [...] Read more.

Background: The increasing prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is closely tied to complications, particularly diabetic foot ulcers, which significantly raise the risk of lower extremity amputations due to infected, non-healing ulcers. This study aimed to assess diabetic foot prevention knowledge, practices and associated factors among patients at the Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital (EFSTH), Banjul. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we employed a convenience sampling technique to enroll 357 diabetic patients, both inpatients and outpatients, who were under the care of EFSTH. Data on diabetic foot prevention were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted by trained interviewers. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS, encompassing descriptive analysis, chi-square, Fisher exact tests, and logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05, with a 95% confidence interval. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 47.3 years (±10.5), with women comprising 55.2% of the study population and 94.4% were married. About 73% demonstrated good knowledge of diabetic foot care and prevention, while 25.8% exhibited fair knowledge. A significant association was observed in bivariate analysis with patients’ educational level (P = 0.032). Specifically, patients with Madarasa (Arabic) education had a 68% lower likelihood 【aOR: 0.320, 95% CI: (0.103, 0.992), p = 0.048】 of practicing diabetic foot care and prevention compared to those with tertiary education. Conclusion: The study revealed that participants’ knowledge of preventing diabetic foot was high. However, the practice was poor. Therefore, there is a need for more health education on the practices that would emphasize diabetes management among diabetes patients.

Figures

Figure 1

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access September 13, 2023

A Comparative Study of Attention-Based Transformer Networks and Traditional Machine Learning Methods for Toxic Comments Classification

Sihao Wang, Bingjie Chen

Journal of Social Mathematical & Human Engineering Sciences 2023, 1(1), 22-30. DOI: 10.31586/jsmhes.2023.697

Abstract With the rapid growth of online communication platforms, the identification and management of toxic comments have become crucial in maintaining a healthy online environment. Various machine learning approaches have been employed to tackle this problem, ranging from traditional models to more recent attention-based transformer networks. This paper aims to compare the performance of attention-based [...] Read more.

With the rapid growth of online communication platforms, the identification and management of toxic comments have become crucial in maintaining a healthy online environment. Various machine learning approaches have been employed to tackle this problem, ranging from traditional models to more recent attention-based transformer networks. This paper aims to compare the performance of attention-based transformer networks with several traditional machine learning methods for toxic comments classification. We present an in-depth analysis and evaluation of these methods using a common benchmark dataset. The experimental results demonstrate the strengths and limitations of each approach, shedding light on the suitability and efficacy of attention-based transformers in this domain.

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access September 04, 2023

Management of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus-2 infection in the Principality of Monaco

Franco Borruto, Ciro Comparetto, Florence Dupré, Christophe Robino

World Journal of Medical Microbiology 2023, 2(1), 27-49. DOI: 10.31586/wjmm.2023.715

Abstract Background: This work is a report of the present situation and management of Corona Virus (CoV) infection in the Principality of Monaco. Methods: To comply with the practices adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and neighboring Countries in this area, residents infected by CoV are the object of this health report. The Prince’s Government also communicates the data relating to [...] Read more.

Background: This work is a report of the present situation and management of Corona Virus (CoV) infection in the Principality of Monaco. Methods: To comply with the practices adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and neighboring Countries in this area, residents infected by CoV are the object of this health report. The Prince’s Government also communicates the data relating to screening. These are stopped at Sunday January 1^st included. Results: The results of this survey point out how this infection is still active in Monaco, although not at the emergency levels of 2020. Conclusions: These results call for not leaving prevention measures, both primary (vaccine) and secondary (personal protective equipment [PPE], social distancing, etc.) adopted until now and which gave so good results.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

PDF Html Xml

Case Series

Open Access August 18, 2023

ETCS as an Effective Tool to enable HRM to fulfill the Requirements of CSR in the Field of Employee Training: An Innovative Design and Specific Requirements

Younis A. Battal Saleh

Universal Journal of Business and Management 2023, 3(1), 1-27. DOI: 10.31586/ujbm.2023.673

Abstract Purpose: There are specific requirements to fulfill CSR in the field of the training function, which can be deduced through a deep understanding of the meaning of CSRs (specifically, economic and ethical responsibilities). Those requirements must be included in the Electronic Training Card System (ETCS) to enable HRM in large organizations to adhere to its social responsibilities in the [...] Read more.

Purpose: There are specific requirements to fulfill CSR in the field of the training function, which can be deduced through a deep understanding of the meaning of CSRs (specifically, economic and ethical responsibilities). Those requirements must be included in the Electronic Training Card System (ETCS) to enable HRM in large organizations to adhere to its social responsibilities in the field of the employee training function. Therefore, this study aims to identify the needs of CSR in the field of training function and indicate how to include them in ETCS, in addition to identifying the necessary requirements for adopting of ETCS in business establishments. Method: The researcher adopted the following two concepts: 1) The concept of optimal use of economic resources (corporate economic responsibility); 2) The concept of fair opportunities for all (corporate ethical responsibility) in describing and specifying the items of criteria for measuring the effectiveness and efficiency of HRM in performing its job duties in the field of training. To design ETCS and include those requirements ″ items″ in it, the researcher relied on his diligence and skill in the field of designing electronic systems. Results: The study identified items of criteria for measuring the effectiveness and efficiency of HRM in performing its job duties in the field of training in a manner consistent with the requirements of CSR. The study was also able to design ETCS that will enable HRM to fulfill the requirements of CSR in employee training and determine the requirements for its application in institutions. Originality/Value: According to the researcher's vision, ETCS proposed in this study will enable HRMs in business institutions to adhere to their CSRs in the field of employee training- especially economic and ethical, because of its harmonious design with CSRs requirements.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access July 28, 2023

Should not we vaccinate the public against seasonal influenza all over the year in COVID-19 era?

Mohamed Farouk Allam, Khaled Mahmoud Abd-Elaziz

Current Research in Public Health 2023, 3(2), 64-66. DOI: 10.31586/crph.2023.706

Abstract The pandemic of the SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) that was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020 is still ongoing. One of the early recommendations from CDC and other international agencies is the seasonal influenza vaccination to decrease the effects and burden of COVID-19 pandemic. This review suggests that during COVID-19 pandemic vaccination against seasonal influenza should [...] Read more.

The pandemic of the SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) that was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020 is still ongoing. One of the early recommendations from CDC and other international agencies is the seasonal influenza vaccination to decrease the effects and burden of COVID-19 pandemic. This review suggests that during COVID-19 pandemic vaccination against seasonal influenza should be conducted all over the year, even for young age groups, because of several reasons. First, the complications of seasonal influenza, especially pneumonia, could increase the burden on the saturated healthcare systems worldwide. Second, the resemblance of symptoms and signs of both seasonal influenza and COVID-19 will difficult diagnosing and isolation of COVID-19 patients. Third, it has been postulated that there is a cross immunity between seasonal influenza and COVID-19.

PDF Html Xml

Mini Review

Open Access July 24, 2023

Role of Oncology Nurse Navigators: An Integrative Review

Jozelle Mae Suazo, Gold Mendoza, Al Canaynay, Roison Andro Narvaez

World Journal of Cancer and Oncology Research 2023, 2(1), 66-84. DOI: 10.31586/wjcor.2023.733

Abstract Background: Oncology nurse navigators (ONNs) are becoming even more vital as healthcare continues to develop into a more complicated, confusing maze for patients. When many specialists on the treatment team have divergent points of view due to the nature of their respective professions or other factors, the patient may experience feelings of confusion. In the end, this can cause delays in [...] Read more.

Background: Oncology nurse navigators (ONNs) are becoming even more vital as healthcare continues to develop into a more complicated, confusing maze for patients. When many specialists on the treatment team have divergent points of view due to the nature of their respective professions or other factors, the patient may experience feelings of confusion. In the end, this can cause delays in treatment, pose a threat to the established standard of care, and lead to a decrease in patient satisfaction. Aim: To enumerate various ways in which ONNs may help improve the quality of life of cancer patients. Design: An integrative review. Results: A total of 19 studies related to the topic are evaluated. Four main themes namely: provider of psychological support, facilitator of timely care, oncology nurse navigators perception of their role and patient’s perception of oncology nurse navigators and 3 sub themes which are: information giver, source of emotional support and coordinator, were identified to be the roles of the ONNs. The findings showed that oncology nurse navigators help reduce patients anxiety and distress, increase patient satisfaction, shorten the time from diagnosis to treatment, provide necessary information, support them emotionally and coordinate their care with the different members of the healthcare team and resources. Conclusion: The main function of the ONNs is to address any barrier that may hinder the patient’s cancer treatment, survivorship and even palliative care. ONNs make sure that each patient has individualized nursing care according to the patients and their families' needs. Implications for Practice: ONNs have the potential to significantly contribute not only to the quality of life of cancer patients but also to the process of achieving better service integration. The result of this integrative review contributes to the growth of the healthcare system by improving accessibility, fairness, efficiency, effectiveness, and the ability to maintain health services throughout time brought about by ONNs.

Figures

Figure 1

PDF Html Xml

Review Article

Open Access July 06, 2023

Health condition of palm trees of Mexico City, with an emphasis on “crowns”

Luz de Lourdes Saavedra-Romero, Dionicio Alvarado-Rosales, Alejandra Almaraz-Sánchez, Andrés Quezada-Salinas, Silvia Edith García-Díaz, Sergio Aranda-Ocampo, Carlos Fredy Ortiz-García, Armando Equihua-Martínez, José Abel López-Buenfil

Open Journal of Agricultural Research 2023, 3(1), 12-27. DOI: 10.31586/ojar.2023.690

Abstract The government of Mexico City carried out the introduction of palm trees in the 50s to increase the visual appearance of the main avenues. As a result of introduction of these exotic species, phytosanitary problems appeared. Currently there is scarce information on how to evaluate the health of these majestic monocots, in this sense, it is necessary to implement assessment scales to determine the [...] Read more.

The government of Mexico City carried out the introduction of palm trees in the 50s to increase the visual appearance of the main avenues. As a result of introduction of these exotic species, phytosanitary problems appeared. Currently there is scarce information on how to evaluate the health of these majestic monocots, in this sense, it is necessary to implement assessment scales to determine the health condition of the most frequently found species to advance on their care and management. The present study had the following objectives: 1) To determine the current state of health of palm trees by means of a scale of visual evaluation of the crown; 2) To know the diversity and structural characteristics of palm trees and 3) To determine the influence of composite variables on the ecosystem services such as the amount of shade provided. Health of palm trees were evaluated two times (dry and rainy seasons in 2022) on 35 transects of 200 m length. An imaginary circle divided into twelfths was overlapped on palm tree “crowns”, and through it, two absolute variables, Live Crown Ratio (LCR) and Crown Quality (CQ) were evaluated. Composite variables were also calculated. The 12/12 health scale adapted in the present study was useful. Four health categories were obtained for the Live crown ratio (LCR): 7.62% of the palm trees were in critical condition, 7.80% were in intermediate condition, 80.36% were in normal condition, and 4.20% were in excellent condition. Meanwhile, for crown quality (CQ), the percentages were 13.50%, 20.00%, 56.96% and 0.43%, respectively. The total height and “crown” diameter showed a positive correlation with the volume composite variables. The shadow area projected as an important ecosystem service increased as the health of the palm trees improved. This is the first study on palm trees health assessment in Mexico City.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access May 10, 2023

Knowledge of Obstetric Warning Signs and Associated Risks among Saudi Pregnant Women

Najlaa Al-Nayef, Mufareh Asiri, Ahmad Haimour, Marwa Baghdady, Feras Abuerwak

Universal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023, 1(1), 22-32. DOI: 10.31586/ujog.2023.680

Abstract Women must be aware of the risk factors of pregnancy complications and the negative maternal and fetal health consequences to take preventative measures and management strategies that will result in a successful pregnancy. This study aimed to assess the Level of Knowledge about obstetric warning signs and the associated factors among pregnant Saudi women attending antenatal care in a tertiary care [...] Read more.

Women must be aware of the risk factors of pregnancy complications and the negative maternal and fetal health consequences to take preventative measures and management strategies that will result in a successful pregnancy. This study aimed to assess the Level of Knowledge about obstetric warning signs and the associated factors among pregnant Saudi women attending antenatal care in a tertiary care maternity set-up in Riyadh City. Data for this cross-sectional study were obtained using a structured questionnaire from eligible pregnant women admitted to King Saud Medical City (KSMC) between August 2020 and March 2021. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Out of a minimum estimated sample size of 170, researchers recruited 362 participants. As observed, only 92 people, or 25.4%, had enough knowledge about various educational levels. The majority (91.2%) lived in villages, had no history of chronic disease (74.0%), and said that it took them at least 30 minutes to commute from their home to the hospital (69.3%). Two hundred two (55.7%) lacked appropriate knowledge, although most women (76.2%) had one to four pregnancies. Poor psychological health resulted from 37 people's (10.2%) inadequate Awareness. Even though 139 (38.4%) had spent more than 15 minutes receiving education from medical staff and 200 (61.5%) had attended the prenatal care clinic more than four times, most lacked adequate knowledge. The variables education level (P=0.000), working status (P=0.022), and place of residence (P=0.044) showed a statistically significant association with the knowledge level, also only education level statistically significantly affected the likelihood of knowledge gaps. In conclusion, early identification of obstetric warning signs and associated risk factors of pregnancy complications is integral to prevention.

Figures

Figure 1

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access April 27, 2023

Evaluation of the Critical risk factors in PPP - procured Mass Housing Projects in Abuja Nigeria - A fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) approach

Arijeloye Bamidele Temitope, Oke Ayodeji Emmanuel, Aje Isaac Olaniyi

World Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2023, 2(1), 58-85. DOI: 10.31586/wjcea.2023.605

Abstract The study accessed the critical risk factors in public-private partnership (PPP)-procured mass housing project (MHP) delivery in Nigeria. The research design adopts a quantitative approach, using well-structured questionnaires distributed to stakeholders involved in PPP-MHPs i.e. consultants, in-house professionals, contractors, and the organized private sector (OPS) registered with PPP [...] Read more.

The study accessed the critical risk factors in public-private partnership (PPP)-procured mass housing project (MHP) delivery in Nigeria. The research design adopts a quantitative approach, using well-structured questionnaires distributed to stakeholders involved in PPP-MHPs i.e. consultants, in-house professionals, contractors, and the organized private sector (OPS) registered with PPP departments in the Federal Capital Territory Development Authority (FCDA) Abuja, Nigeria. The instrument relates to the background information of respondents and the risk peculiar to PPP-MHP. Sixty-three (63) risk factors were submitted for the respondents to rank using Mean Item score (MIS) for risk occurrence and its severity, while risk significance index (RI) was used to determine the risk impact. Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation (FSE) method was subsequently applied to determine the risk criticality groups and the overall risk level in the sector. The fuzzy set theory deals with ambiguous, subjective and imprecise judgments peculiar to decision making in construction project risk assessment. It aims to provide a synthetic evaluation of an object relative to a fuzzy decision environment with multiple criteria that requires qualitative linguistic terms. The findings show that thirty-one (31) risk factors were critical in the sector while financial and micro-economic risk group is contributing most significantly to the overall risk level in PPP-MHPs in Nigeria. The top 10 risk factors in the sector include availability of finance, high finance cost, the unstable value of the local currency, lack of creditworthiness, influential economic events (boom/recession), high bidding cost, poor financial market, financial attraction to project investors, interest rate volatility, inflation rate volatility, corruption and lack of respect for the law, non-involvement of the host community and poor execution of housing policies. The implication for practice is that having known the risk group contributing most significantly to the overall risk level in PPP-MHPs, adequate financial and budgetary allocation should be made available before embarking on such venture so as to sustain the scheme in the country. The study is one of the recent researches conducted on housing, since the procurement option is novel in the sector. The study is of immense value to PPP actors in providing necessary information required to formulate risk response methods in minimize the identified risk impact sector.

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access April 27, 2023

Adolescent Students’ Knowledge of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Eastern Region Schools for the Deaf, Ghana

Frank Wisdom Kwasi Kloh, Emmanuel Djan, Felix Kudzo Mawuena, Frank Acheampong

Universal Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2023, 3(1), 11-22. DOI: 10.31586/ujssh.2023.679

Abstract This study investigated adolescent students‟ knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in eastern region schools for the deaf in Ghana. A descriptive survey design was used for the study. The researchers used HIV- The knowledge Questionnaire to assess the knowledge of respondents on STIs. Stratified sampling and simple random sampling techniques were employed. Proportional representation [...] Read more.

This study investigated adolescent students‟ knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in eastern region schools for the deaf in Ghana. A descriptive survey design was used for the study. The researchers used HIV- The knowledge Questionnaire to assess the knowledge of respondents on STIs. Stratified sampling and simple random sampling techniques were employed. Proportional representation was used to select a sample of ninety-five (95) adolescent students with deafness from JHS2 and JHS3 between the ages of 13 and 24 years. Data were analyzed descriptively into frequencies and percentages. The results of the study indicated that the students knew of some of the types of STIs such as Gonorrhea, Syphilis, and HIV/AIDS. They, however, had inadequate knowledge of STIs such as Hepatitis B and Chlamydia.

PDF Html Xml

Article

Open Access March 30, 2023

Pulsatile Blood Flow Simulation for Subject-Specific Geometry of a Human Aortic Arch

Zeba Shariff, M. Sivapragasam, Vinay M. D. Prabhu, R. Hariharan

International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering, Biological and Applied Computing 2023, 3(1), 1-19. DOI: 10.31586/ijmebac.2023.606

Abstract Pulsatile blood flow in a subject-specific human aortic arch and its major branches is studied computationally for a peak Reynolds number of 1553 and a Womersley number of 22.74. The aortic geometry is constructed from the CT-scan images of a subject. The aorta has out-of-plane curvature and significant area variation along the flow direction. A physiologically representative pulsatile velocity [...] Read more.

Pulsatile blood flow in a subject-specific human aortic arch and its major branches is studied computationally for a peak Reynolds number of 1553 and a Womersley number of 22.74. The aortic geometry is constructed from the CT-scan images of a subject. The aorta has out-of-plane curvature and significant area variation along the flow direction. A physiologically representative pulsatile velocity waveform is applied as boundary condition at the inlet of the aorta. The primary velocity profiles are skewed towards the inner wall of the ascending aorta during the entire cardiac cycle. In the decelerating phase, reverse flow is noted along the inner wall and the magnitude of maximum velocity is about 50 % of the peak flow condition. Flow separation is observed in the inner wall of the ascending aorta during the decelerating and reverse flow phases of the cardiac cycle. In the accelerating phase, however, flow separation does not occur. The major observation of the present work is the existence of complex and asymmetrical vortical flow structures which are not observed either in simple curved pipes or in idealized aortic arch computational studies. The relative strength of the secondary flow with respect to the primary flow is quantified by means of Relative Secondary Kinetic Energy whose highest value is evaluated to be 1.202 occurring near the entrance of the right carotid artery during the maximum reverse flow condition. High values of wall shear stress is observed at distal of the left and right subclavian arteries, the bifurcation of brachiocephalic artery between right subclavian artery and right carotid artery, and proximal inner wall of descending aorta during the cardiac cycle. The wall shear stress at the bifurcations of the branches are low and oscillatory and generally correlates with the preferential sites for atherosclerosis. The flow structures on the aorta wall are explicitly highlighted by the limiting streamlines. The application of limiting streamlines to clearly elucidate the complex on-wall flow structures is one of the key contributions of the present study. During the decelerating and reverse flow phases several critical points are observed on the aortic wall. These complex flow structures vanish during the accelerating phase. The observations made in the present study will be helpful in creating accurate and clinically useful computational models.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2 (a)

Figure 2 (b)

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7 (a)

Figure 7 (b)

Figure 7 (c)

Figure 7 (d)

Figure 8 (a)

Figure 8 (b)

Figure 8 (c)

Abstract Spline smoothing is a technique used to filter out noise in time series observations when predicting nonparametric regression models. Its performance depends on the choice of the smoothing parameter. Most of the existing smoothing methods applied to time series data tend to over fit in the presence of autocorrelated errors. This study aims to determine the optimum performance value, goodness of [...] Read more.

Spline smoothing is a technique used to filter out noise in time series observations when predicting nonparametric regression models. Its performance depends on the choice of the smoothing parameter. Most of the existing smoothing methods applied to time series data tend to over fit in the presence of autocorrelated errors. This study aims to determine the optimum performance value, goodness of fit and model overfitting properties of the proposed Smoothing Method (PSM), Generalized Maximum Likelihood (GML), Generalized Cross-Validation (GCV), and Unbiased Risk (UBR) smoothing parameter selection methods. A Monte Carlo experiment of 1,000 trials was carried out at three different sample sizes (20, 60, and 100) and three levels of autocorrelation (0.2, 05, and 0.8). The four smoothing methods' performances were estimated and compared using the Predictive Mean Squared Error (PMSE) criterion. The findings of the study revealed that: for a time series observation with autocorrelated errors, provides the best-fit smoothing method for the model, the PSM does not over-fit data at all the autocorrelation levels considered ( the optimum value of the PSM was at the weighted value of 0.04 when there is autocorrelation in the error term, PSM performed better than the GCV, GML, and UBR smoothing methods were considered at all-time series sizes (T = 20, 60 and 100). For the real-life data employed in the study, PSM proved to be the most efficient among the GCV, GML, PSM, and UBR smoothing methods compared. The study concluded that the PSM method provides the best fit as a smoothing method, works well at autocorrelation levels (ρ=0.2, 0.5, and 0.8), and does not over fit time-series observations. The study recommended that the proposed smoothing is appropriate for time series observations with autocorrelation in the error term and econometrics real-life data. This study can be applied to; non – parametric regression, non – parametric forecasting, spatial, survival, and econometrics observations.

Filter options

Query parameters

View options

Citations of

Views of

Downloads of